C++ arm-none-eabi-g++；忽略无效字符“&”x27；在表达式stm32f4中

我正在为stm32f4微控制器构建一个makefile，其中包括所有外围库，并包含一个syscalls（名称newlib_stubs.cpp），其中的printf（）重定向到uart。在我开始将所有源代码构建到自己的对象文件中并链接到可执行文件之前，我已经编写了makefile，以便在一次命中中编译所有源代码，以证明makefile在这一阶段可以工作，但它不工作。 这是生成文件：

 #name of application
TARGET = main
#name of target outputs
TARGET_ELF = $(TARGET).elf
TARGET_BIN = $(TARGET).bin
TARGET_HEX = $(TARGET).hex


# directories
CODE_DIR = code/
LIBRARY_DIR = library/
BUILD_DIR = build/
SOURCE_DIR = $(CODE_DIR)src/
STARTUP_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)startup/
LINKER_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)linker/
PERIPHERAL_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)peripherals/
DEFAULT_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)default/
OUTPUT_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)output/
OBJECT_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)objects/
#SOURCE_MAIN_DIR = $(CODE_DIR)src/
SOURCE_LIBRARY_DIR = $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/
SOURCE_PERIPHERAL_DIR = $(DEFAULT_DIR)src/

# files with paths attached
_C_FILES = $(wildcard $(SOURCE_DIR)*.c) # $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.c)
_C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(wildcard $(DEFAULT_DIR)src/*.c)
_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.c)
_CPP_FILES = $(wildcard $(SOURCE_DIR)*.cpp) # $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.cpp)
_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(wildcard $(DEFAULT_DIR)src/*.cpp)
_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(wildcard $(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/*.cpp)
_STA_FILES = $(wildcard $(STARTUP_DIR)*.s)
_SRC_FILES = $(_CPP_FILES) $(_C_FILES) $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES) $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES) $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES) $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES) $(_STA_FILES)
_OBJ_FILES = $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_CPP_FILES:.cpp=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_C_FILES:.c=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES:.cpp=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES:.c=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES:.cpp=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES:.c=.o)))
_OBJ_FILES += $(addprefix $(OBJECT_DIR),$(notdir $(_STA_FILES:.s=.o)))
_LNK_FILES = $(wildcard $(LINKER_DIR)*.ld)

#file names without paths
C_FILES = $(_C_FILES:$(SOURCE_DIR)%=%)
C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES:$(DEFAULT_DIR)src/%=%)
C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES:$(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/%=%)
CPP_FILES = $(_CPP_FILES:$(SOURCE_DIR)%=%)
CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES:$(DEFAULT_DIR)src/%=%)
CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES:$(PERIPHERAL_DIR)src/%=%)
STA_FILES = $(_STA_FILES:$(STARTUP_DIR)%=%)
SRC_FILES = $(CPP_FILES) $(C_FILES) $(STA_FILES) $(C_DEFAULT_FILES) $(C_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
SRC_FILES += $(CPP_DEFAULT_FILES) $(CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
OBJ_FILES = $(_OBJ_FILES:$(OBJECT_DIR)%=%)

#include directories
HEADERS = $(CODE_DIR)inc/
HEADERS += $(LIBRARY_DIR)default/inc/
HEADERS += $(LIBRARY_DIR)peripherals/inc/
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 
HEADERS += 


LIB_PATH =





#libraries to link



# Tool configuration
TOOLCHAIN = arm-none-eabi-
CC = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
CXX = $(TOOLCHAIN)g++
AS = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
LD = $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc
OBJCOPY = $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy

# Architecture configuration
ARCH_FLAGS=-mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 

# gcc compiler flags
CFLAGS += -O0 -ggdb3
CFLAGS += $(ARCH_FLAGS)
CFLAGS += -flto
CFLAGS += -ffunction-sections
CFLAGS +=  -fdata-sections
CFLAGS += $(foreach i, $(HEADERS), -I$(i))

# g++ compiler flags
CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
CXXFLAGS += -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions
CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11

# Flags for gcc as linker
LDFLAGS=$(ARCH_FLAGS)
LDFLAGS+=-Wl,--gc-sections
LDFLAGS+=$(foreach i, $(HEADERS), -L$(i))
LDFLAGS+=-T $(LDSCRIPT)









#.PHONY print

all:
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(_SRC_FILES) -o $(TARGET_ELF)

print:
    @echo name of application:
    @echo TARGET = $(TARGET)
    @echo name of target outputs
    @echo TARGET_ELF = $(TARGET_ELF)
    @echo TARGET_BIN = $(TARGET_BIN)
    @echo TARGET_HEX = $(TARGET_HEX)
    @echo
    @echo directories
    @echo CODE_DIR = $(CODE_DIR)
    @echo LIBRARY_DIR = $(LIBRARY_DIR)
    @echo BUILD_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR)
    @echo SOURCE_DIR = $(SOURCE_DIR)
    @echo STARTUP_DIR = $(STARTUP_DIR)
    @echo LINKER_DIR = $(LINKER_DIR)
    @echo OUTPUT_DIR = $(OUTPUT_DIR)
    @echo OBJECT_DIR = $(OBJECT_DIR)
    @echo
    @echo files with paths attached:
    @echo _C_FILES = $(_C_FILES)
    @echo _C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_C_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo _C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_C_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo _CPP_FILES = $(_CPP_FILES)
    @echo _CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(_CPP_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo _CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(_CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo _STA_FILES = $(_STA_FILES)
    @echo _SRC_FILES = $(_SRC_FILES)
    @echo _OBJ_FILES = $(_OBJ_FILES)
    @echo _LNK_FILES = $(_LNK_FILES)
    @echo
    @echo C_FILES = $(C_FILES)
    @echo C_DEFAULT_FILES = $(C_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo C_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(C_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo CPP_FILES = $(CPP_FILES)
    @echo CPP_DEFAULT_FILES = $(CPP_DEFAULT_FILES)
    @echo CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES = $(CPP_PERIPHERAL_FILES)
    @echo STA_FILES = $(STA_FILES)
    @echo SRC_FILES = $(SRC_FILES)
    @echo OBJ_FILES = $(OBJ_FILES)

此项目的来源可在此处找到：

这是我从编译器收到的输出：

    nicholas@ASUS-G74Sx:~/Development/github/stm324f-discovery_template$ make
arm-none-eabi-g++ -O0 -ggdb3 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16  -flto -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -Icode/inc/  -Ilibrary/default/inc/  -Ilibrary/peripherals/inc/ -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -std=c++11 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16  -Wl,--gc-sections  -Lcode/inc/  -Llibrary/default/inc/  -Llibrary/peripherals/inc/ -T  code/src/main.cpp    library/default/src/stm32f4_discovery.c library/peripherals/src/misc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_adc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_can.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_crc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp_aes.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp_des.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_cryp_tdes.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dac.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dbgmcu.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dcmi.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_dma.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_exti.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_flash.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_fsmc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_gpio.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_hash.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_hash_md5.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_hash_sha1.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_i2c.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_iwdg.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_pwr.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_rcc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_rng.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_rtc.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_sdio.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_spi.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_syscfg.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_tim.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_usart.c library/peripherals/src/stm32f4xx_wwdg.c library/default/src/newlib_stubs.cpp library/default/src/stm32f4xx_it.cpp library/default/src/system_stm32f4xx.cpp  library/startup/startup_stm32f4xx.s -o main.elf
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld:code/src/main.cpp:23: ignoring invalid character `#' in expression
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld:code/src/main.cpp:23: syntax error
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [all] Error 1
nicholas@ASUS-G74Sx:~/Development/github/stm324f-discovery_template$

main.cpp第0到30行：

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    main.c 
  * @author  MCD Application Team
  * @version V1.0.0
  * @date    18-April-2011
  * @brief   Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
  * WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE
  * TIME. AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY
  * DIRECT, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING
  * FROM THE CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE
  * CODING INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
  ******************************************************************************  
  */ 

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_rcc.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_gpio.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_tim.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_syscfg.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_exti.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_dma.h"
#include "misc.h"
...

/**
******************************************************************************
*@file main.c
*@author MCD应用团队
*@version V1.0.0
*@日期2011年4月18日
*@brief主程序体
******************************************************************************
*@注意
*
*目前的固件仅供指导，旨在为客户提供
*为他们的产品编码信息，以便他们保存
*时间。因此，意法半导体公司不承担任何责任
*与任何索赔相关的直接、间接或间接损害赔偿
*来自此类固件的内容和/或客户对
*此处包含的与其产品相关的编码信息。
*
*&复制；版权所有2011意法半导体
******************************************************************************  
*/ 
/*包括------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#包括“stm32f4xx.h”
#包括“stm32f4xx_rcc.h”
#包括“stm32f4xx_gpio.h”
#包括“stm32f4xx_tim.h”
#包括“stm32f4xx_syscfg.h”
#包括“stm32f4xx_exti.h”
#包括“stm32f4xx_dma.h”
#包括“杂项h”
...

我无法识别main.cpp文件中的任何错误，这些错误似乎来自该文件

---

是什么导致了此错误以及如何修复此错误？

您的Makefile设置了

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LDSCRIPT）

，但没有定义$LDSCRIPT。这将导致调用

g++-T{nothing here}main.cpp…

，因此链接器假定main.cpp是脚本。尝试从Makefile中删除

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LDSCRIPT）

。

您的Makefile设置了

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LDSCRIPT）

，但没有定义$LDSCRIPT。这将导致调用

g++-T{nothing here}main.cpp…

，因此链接器假定main.cpp是脚本。尝试从Makefile中删除

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LDSCRIPT）

。

Makefile没有多大帮助！您应该在编译器错误的上下文中显示代码。请将main.cpp从第0行张贴到至少30行。我们需要看到第23行。看起来您试图编译的代码是为较旧版本的编译器编写的，该版本对于传递给函数的示例

const char*

的用法没有那么严格。我假定

\u write

实际上并没有修改字符串，所以将第二个参数改为

const char*

而不是

char*

应该可以解决这个问题。@GuntramBlohm:Line 23？在我看来像第68行和第181行？我也看不出主题标题和实际错误之间的关系…？？嗯。加载程序报告的sytax错误意味着您试图向其提供c源代码，而不是对象文件。也许发布Makefile一开始就没那么糟糕。。我会再看一看。makefile帮不了什么忙！您应该在编译器错误的上下文中显示代码。请将main.cpp从第0行张贴到至少30行。我们需要看到第23行。看起来您试图编译的代码是为较旧版本的编译器编写的，该版本对于传递给函数的示例

const char*

的用法没有那么严格。我假定

\u write

实际上并没有修改字符串，所以将第二个参数改为

const char*

而不是

char*

应该可以解决这个问题。@GuntramBlohm:Line 23？在我看来像第68行和第181行？我也看不出主题标题和实际错误之间的关系…？？嗯。加载程序报告的sytax错误意味着您试图向其提供c源代码，而不是对象文件。也许发布Makefile一开始就没那么糟糕。。我会再看一看。这允许我的应用程序编译。另外，为链接器提供一个要运行的脚本也很有帮助。我将

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LDSCRIPT）

更改为

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LINKER\u DIR）stm32\u flash.ld

。这也成功编译。这允许我的应用程序编译。另外，为链接器提供一个要运行的脚本也很有帮助。我将

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LDSCRIPT）

更改为

LDFLAGS+=-T$（LINKER\u DIR）stm32\u flash.ld

。这也成功地编译了。