C++ 为什么cmake'；s安装的文件与实际生成的二进制文件不同？_C++_Cmake_Ubuntu 20.04

C++ 为什么cmake'；s安装的文件与实际生成的二进制文件不同？

c++ cmake

C++ 为什么cmake'；s安装的文件与实际生成的二进制文件不同？,c++,cmake,ubuntu-20.04,C++,Cmake,Ubuntu 20.04,我正在使用CMake在ubuntu中构建几个libs，我注意到每当我尝试使用安装目录中的文件时，就会出现缺少libs的错误。使用ldd我注意到，在这些文件中找不到lib，而如果我返回到生成的原始文件，它包含所有引用，并将其复制到安装目录中，可以修复问题。为了使所有这些更清楚，考虑下面的CMAKLIST.TXT，我用它来构建我的库： cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11) project(AntiSpoofer) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 1

我正在使用CMake在ubuntu中构建几个libs，我注意到每当我尝试使用安装目录中的文件时，就会出现缺少libs的错误。使用

ldd

我注意到，在这些文件中找不到lib，而如果我返回到生成的原始文件，它包含所有引用，并将其复制到安装目录中，可以修复问题。为了使所有这些更清楚，考虑下面的CMAKLIST.TXT，我用它来构建我的库：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
project(AntiSpoofer)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/built_stuff)

add_definitions(-D_ANTISPOOFER_BUILD_DLL) 

find_package(Torch REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)

include_directories( /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Dependencies/include ${TORCH_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})

set(ANTISPOOFER_SRC  ./AntiSpoofer.cpp )

add_library(
    AntiSpoofer_dynamic
    SHARED
   ${ANTISPOOFER_SRC}
)

target_link_directories(AntiSpoofer_dynamic PUBLIC /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Blinker/build)

set(LIBS ${LIBS} ${TORCH_LIBRARIES} ${OpenCV_LIBS} Blinker)
# Link
target_link_libraries(AntiSpoofer_dynamic  ${LIBS})
install(TARGETS AntiSpoofer_dynamic DESTINATION lib)

这就是我称我的cmake的方式：

cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(python -c 'import torch.utils; print(torch.utils.cmake_prefix_path)')" ..

然后再进行一次安装。
现在，当我导航到

antistipoofer/build

并在创建的对象上获取MD5哈希时，我得到的是：
而

ldd libantipoofer\u dynamic的输出。因此如下所示：
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc23bf6000)
    libtorch.so => /home/hossein/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib/libtorch.so (0x00007f5cd35f2000)
    libBlinker.so => /home/hossein/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Blinker/build/libBlinker.so (0x00007f5cd355e000)
    libtorch_cpu.so => /home/hossein/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib/libtorch_cpu.so (0x00007f5cc36af000)
    libopencv_core.so.3.4 => /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.so.3.4 (0x00007f5cc26d4000)
    libstdc++.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f5cc24dc000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5cc24bf000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5cc22cd000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5cc22aa000)
    libc10.so => /home/hossein/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib/libc10.so (0x00007f5cc2026000)
    libopencv_highgui.so.3.4 => /usr/local/lib/libopencv_highgui.so.3.4 (0x00007f5cc200d000)
    libopencv_imgproc.so.3.4 => /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgproc.so.3.4 (0x00007f5cc048c000)
    libcblas.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcblas.so.3 (0x00007f5cc0465000)
    liblapack.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblapack.so.3 (0x00007f5cbfd9d000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f5cbfc4e000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5cd3844000)
    libgomp-7c85b1e2.so.1 => /home/hossein/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib/libgomp-7c85b1e2.so.1 (0x00007f5cbfa24000)
    libtensorpipe.so => /home/hossein/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib/libtensorpipe.so (0x00007f5cbf55b000)
    librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f5cbf550000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5cbf548000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f5cbf52c000)
    libgtk-3.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-3.so.0 (0x00007f5cbed7b000)
    libgdk-3.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-3.so.0 (0x00007f5cbec76000)
    libcairo.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo.so.2 (0x00007f5cbeb53000)
    libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbeb29000)
    libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbeac9000)
    libglib-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbe9a0000)
    libopencv_imgcodecs.so.3.4 => /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so.3.4 (0x00007f5cbe85b000)
    libatlas.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libatlas.so.3 (0x00007f5cbe4cf000)
    libblas.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libblas.so.3 (0x00007f5cbe107000)
    libgfortran.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007f5cbde43000)
    libgmodule-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbde3d000)
    libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbde2b000)
    libX11.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007f5cbdcee000)
    libXi.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXi.so.6 (0x00007f5cbdcdc000)
    libXfixes.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3 (0x00007f5cbdcd2000)
    libcairo-gobject.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo-gobject.so.2 (0x00007f5cbdcc6000)
    libatk-1.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libatk-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbdc9c000)
    libatk-bridge-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libatk-bridge-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbdc65000)
    libepoxy.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libepoxy.so.0 (0x00007f5cbdb32000)
    libfribidi.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfribidi.so.0 (0x00007f5cbdb15000)
    libgio-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd932000)
    libpangoft2-1.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpangoft2-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd919000)
    libpango-1.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpango-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd8ca000)
    libharfbuzz.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libharfbuzz.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd7c5000)
    libfontconfig.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontconfig.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd77e000)
    libfreetype.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007f5cbd6bf000)
    libXinerama.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXinerama.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd6b8000)
    libXrandr.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrandr.so.2 (0x00007f5cbd6ab000)
    libXcursor.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXcursor.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd69e000)
    libXcomposite.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXcomposite.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd699000)
    libXdamage.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdamage.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd694000)
    libxkbcommon.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxkbcommon.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd650000)
    libwayland-cursor.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwayland-cursor.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd645000)
    libwayland-egl.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwayland-egl.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd640000)
    libwayland-client.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwayland-client.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd62f000)
    libXext.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0x00007f5cbd61a000)
    libpixman-1.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd573000)
    libpng16.so.16 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16 (0x00007f5cbd539000)
    libxcb-shm.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-shm.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd534000)
    libxcb.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd50a000)
    libxcb-render.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-render.so.0 (0x00007f5cbd4fb000)
    libXrender.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrender.so.1 (0x00007f5cbd2f1000)
    libffi.so.7 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.7 (0x00007f5cbd2e5000)
    libpcre.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007f5cbd270000)
    libjpeg.so.8 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8 (0x00007f5cbd1eb000)
    libtiff.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtiff.so.5 (0x00007f5cbd16a000)
    libIlmImf-2_3.so.24 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIlmImf-2_3.so.24 (0x00007f5cbce8c000)
    libquadmath.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007f5cbce42000)
    libdbus-1.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdbus-1.so.3 (0x00007f5cbcdef000)
    libatspi.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libatspi.so.0 (0x00007f5cbcdb8000)
    libmount.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmount.so.1 (0x00007f5cbcd58000)
    libselinux.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f5cbcd2d000)
    libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f5cbcd11000)
    libthai.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthai.so.0 (0x00007f5cbcd04000)
    libgraphite2.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgraphite2.so.3 (0x00007f5cbccd7000)
    libexpat.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007f5cbcca9000)
    libuuid.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuuid.so.1 (0x00007f5cbcca0000)
    libXau.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007f5cbcc9a000)
    libXdmcp.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007f5cbcc90000)
    libwebp.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwebp.so.6 (0x00007f5cbca27000)
    libzstd.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzstd.so.1 (0x00007f5cbc97e000)
    liblzma.so.5 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5 (0x00007f5cbc955000)
    libjbig.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjbig.so.0 (0x00007f5cbc747000)
    libHalf.so.24 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libHalf.so.24 (0x00007f5cbc700000)
    libIex-2_3.so.24 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIex-2_3.so.24 (0x00007f5cbc6df000)
    libIlmThread-2_3.so.24 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libIlmThread-2_3.so.24 (0x00007f5cbc6d5000)
    libsystemd.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsystemd.so.0 (0x00007f5cbc628000)
    libblkid.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libblkid.so.1 (0x00007f5cbc5d1000)
    libpcre2-8.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre2-8.so.0 (0x00007f5cbc53f000)
    libdatrie.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdatrie.so.1 (0x00007f5cbc535000)
    libbsd.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 (0x00007f5cbc51b000)
    liblz4.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liblz4.so.1 (0x00007f5cbc4fa000)
    libgcrypt.so.20 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.20 (0x00007f5cbc3dc000)
    libgpg-error.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0 (0x00007f5cbc3b7000)

这很好，没有问题。但是，install dir中的lib文件具有完全不同的MD5哈希和ldd输出：


ldd输出：
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcec9c5000)
    libtorch.so => not found
    libBlinker.so => not found
    libtorch_cpu.so => not found
    libopencv_core.so.3.4 => /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.so.3.4 (0x00007fe00f5f5000)
    libstdc++.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fe00f414000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fe00f3f9000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fe00f205000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fe00f1ff000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fe00f1dc000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fe00f1c0000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fe00f071000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fe010624000)


这里怎么了？这是一个CMake bug吗？或者它与操作系统（Ubuntu20.04）相关，或者两者都不相关？这是CMake中的正常行为。
编译二进制文件时，依赖项的rpath在二进制文件中设置，但在安装时剥离
默认情况下，如果不更改任何与RPATH相关的设置，CMake将
使用完整RPATH将可执行文件和共享库链接到所有已使用的
构建树中的库。安装时，它将清除
这些目标，因此它们安装时带有空RPATH。

在查找运行时依赖项时，rpath优先于默认目录（请参阅）。
但是，由于rpath已从库中删除，因此它不知道“超出默认目录”——依赖项
您可以使用LD\u LIBRARY\u PATH
，LD\u PRELOAD
或使用ldconfig
将附加路径添加到查找目录来操作查找。这是CMake中的正常行为。
编译二进制文件时，依赖项的rpath在二进制文件中设置，但在安装时剥离
默认情况下，如果不更改任何与RPATH相关的设置，CMake将
使用完整RPATH将可执行文件和共享库链接到所有已使用的
构建树中的库。安装时，它将清除
这些目标，因此它们安装时带有空RPATH。

在查找运行时依赖项时，rpath优先于默认目录（请参阅）。
但是，由于rpath已从库中删除，因此它不知道“超出默认目录”——依赖项
您可以使用LD_LIBRARY_PATH
，LD_PRELOAD
或使用ldconfig
将附加路径添加到查找目录中来操作查找。您的CmakeList脚本不符合当前的“最佳实践”。我推荐克雷格·斯科特（Craig Scott）的《专业CMake：实用指南》一书，该书可在以下网站获得：。它涵盖了书中的安装等问题。@Den Jason是的，你是对的，非常感谢Den，非常感谢。你的CMakeLists脚本不符合当前的“最佳实践”。我推荐克雷格·斯科特（Craig Scott）的《专业CMake：实用指南》一书，该书可在以下网站获得：。它涵盖了书中的安装等问题。@Den Jason是的，你是对的，非常感谢Den，非常感谢。