使用PowerShell在c#结构中设置值

我已将一些DHCP Win32 Api转换为C#，因此我可以使用PowerShell中的：

$definition = @"
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Net;

namespace Dhcpsapi
{

    public enum DHCP_SEARCH_INFO_TYPE : int
    {
        DhcpClientIpAddress = 0,
        DhcpClientHardwareAddress = 1,
        DhcpClientName = 2
    };

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct DHCP_BINARY_DATA
    {
        public uint DataLength;
        public IntPtr Data;
    };

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct DHCP_IP_ADDRESS
    {
        public UInt32 IPAddress;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size=8)]
    public struct SearchInfo
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public DHCP_IP_ADDRESS ClientIpAddress;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public DHCP_BINARY_DATA ClientHardwareAddress;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr ClientName; //LPWSTR
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct DHCP_SEARCH_INFO
    {
        public DHCP_SEARCH_INFO_TYPE SearchType;
        public SearchInfo SearchInfo;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct DATE_TIME
    {
        public UInt32 dwLowDateTime;
        public UInt32 dwHighDateTime;

        public DateTime ToDateTime()
        {
            if (dwHighDateTime == 0 && dwLowDateTime == 0)
            {
                return DateTime.MinValue;
            }
            if (dwHighDateTime == int.MaxValue && dwLowDateTime == UInt32.MaxValue)
            {
                return DateTime.MaxValue;
            }
            return DateTime.FromFileTime((((long)dwHighDateTime) << 32) | dwLowDateTime);
        }
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public struct DHCP_HOST_INFO
    {
        public uint IpAddress;
        public string NetBiosName;
        public string HostName;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public struct DHCP_CLIENT_INFO
    {
        public uint ClientIpAddress;
        public uint SubnetMask;
        public DHCP_BINARY_DATA ClientHardwareAddress;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
        public string ClientName;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
        public string ClientComment;
        public DATE_TIME ClientLeaseExpires;
        public DHCP_HOST_INFO OwnerHost;
    }

    public static class PS
    {

        [DllImport("Dhcpsapi.dll")]
        public static extern uint DhcpGetClientInfo(
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
            string ServerIpAddress,
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)]
            ref DHCP_SEARCH_INFO SearchInfo,
            out IntPtr ClientInfo);

        [DllImport("dhcpsapi.dll", SetLastError=true)]
        public static extern void DhcpRpcFreeMemory(IntPtr BufferPointer);
    }
}
"@

Add-Type -TypeDefinition $definition -PassThru

$dsi = New-Object dhcpsapi.DHCP_SEARCH_INFO
$dsi.SearchType = [Dhcpsapi.DHCP_SEARCH_INFO_TYPE]::DhcpClientIpAddress
$ipa = [System.Net.IPAddress]::Parse("10.4.3.101")
$ip = [UInt32][System.Net.IPAddress]::NetworkToHostOrder([int][System.BitConverter]::ToUInt32($ipa.GetAddressBytes(), 0))

# $ip is now 168035173
$dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress.IPAddress = $ip

#however $dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress.IPAddress is 0
$dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress.IPAddress

---

运行$dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress.IPAddress之后，它的值是0，而不是我预期的168035173。为什么会发生这种情况（它按照C#的预期工作）以及如何使其工作？

SearchInfo是一个结构，因此当您执行此操作时：

#however $dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress.IPAddress is 0
$dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress.IPAddress

然后，您正在创建SearchInfo的副本，并且该副本上的值正在发生变化。对于每个结构，您需要对结构进行变异，然后重新分配：

$clientIpAddress = $dsi.SearchInfo.ClientIpAddress
$clientIpAddress.IPAddress = $ip

$searchInfo = $dsi.SearchInfo
$searchInfo.ClientIpAddress = $clientIpAddress

$dsi.SearchInfo = $searchInfo

---

问题是您使用的是结构，它是值类型，而不是引用类型。当通过PowerShell

“.

运算符访问这些成员时，它会返回该结构成员的副本，值赋值发生在该副本上，并且不会将其放入您试图修改的对象中

下面是一个较小的示例，演示了这一点：

> add-type @"
namespace TestStructs {
    public struct Inner {
        public int i;
    };
    public class Outer {
        public Inner i;
    }
}
"@
$s = new-object TestStructs.Outer

我创建了一个类

Outer

，它有一个

internal

结构作为成员

I

。如果我尝试分配该值，则会得到您看到的行为，该行为保持为0：

> $s.i.i
0

> $s.i.i = 6

> $s.i.i
0

解决方法是分配整个结构。因此，对于这种简单的情况，我可以创建一个新结构，设置值，然后将其分配给我要修改的对象：

> $new_inner = new-object TestStructs.Inner
> $new_inner.i
0

> $new_inner.i = 6
> $new_inner.i
6

> $s.i = $new_inner
> $s.i.i
6

我可以用一些速记来做到这一点：

> $s.i = new-object TestStructs.Inner -prop @{ i = 7 }
> $s.i.i
7

但是，如果您的结构中有很多值，那么这可能不实用。因此，您还可以将其保存为临时值，然后重新指定：

> $s.i = &{ $temp = $s.i; $temp.i = 10; $temp }

H:\
> $s.i.i
10