C# XML属性的选择性序列化

这是一项正在进行的工作。我正在开发这些C#类来序列化XML数据：

using SimpleLogger;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace MSAToolsLibrary.SRRAssignmentHistory
{
    [Guid("xxx")]
    [ComVisible(true)]
    public enum AssignmentMode
    {
        Weekly,
        Midweek,
        Weekend
    }

    [Guid("xxx")]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    [ComVisible(true)]
    public interface IAssignmentHistorySRRInterface
    {
        void SetPathXML(String strPathXML, out Int64 iResult);
        bool SaveDutyAssignmentHistory();
        bool ReadDutyAssignmentHistory(out Int64 iNumberEntriesRead);
        void Test();
    }

    public class AssignmentHistorySRR : IAssignmentHistorySRRInterface
    {
        private DutyAssignmentHistory _DutyAssignmentHistory;
        private string _strPathXML;

        public AssignmentHistorySRR()
        {
            _DutyAssignmentHistory = new DutyAssignmentHistory();
            _strPathXML = "";
        }

        public void SetPathXML(string strPathXML, out Int64 iResult)
        {
            _strPathXML = strPathXML;

            iResult = 1;
        }

        public bool ReadDutyAssignmentHistory(out Int64 iNumberEntriesRead)
        {
            bool bRead = false;
            iNumberEntriesRead = 0;

            try
            {
                _DutyAssignmentHistory.DutyAssignments.Clear(); // Reset

                XmlSerializer x = new XmlSerializer(_DutyAssignmentHistory.GetType());
                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(_strPathXML))
                {
                    _DutyAssignmentHistory = (DutyAssignmentHistory)x.Deserialize(reader);
                    _DutyAssignmentHistory.BuildDutyAssignmentDictionaryFromList();

                    iNumberEntriesRead = _DutyAssignmentHistory.DutyAssignments.Count;
                    bRead = true;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                SimpleLog.Log(ex);
            }

            return bRead;
        }

        public bool SaveDutyAssignmentHistory()
        {
            bool bSaved = false;

            try
            {
                _DutyAssignmentHistory.BuildDutyAssignmentListFromDictionary();
                XmlSerializer x = new XmlSerializer(_DutyAssignmentHistory.GetType());
                using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(_strPathXML))
                {
                    x.Serialize(writer, _DutyAssignmentHistory);

                    bSaved = true;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                SimpleLog.Log(ex);
            }

            return bSaved;
        }

        public void Test()
        {
            SetPathXML(@"d:\testsrr.xml", out long iResult);

            List<int> columnindex = new List<int>();
            List<string> names = new List<string>();

            columnindex.Add(1);
            columnindex.Add(2);
            columnindex.Add(3);
            columnindex.Add(4);
            columnindex.Add(5);
            columnindex.Add(6);

            names.Add("Assign 1");
            names.Add("Assign 2");
            names.Add("Assign 3");
            names.Add("Assign 4");
            names.Add("Assign 5");
            names.Add("Assign 6");

            _DutyAssignmentHistory.AddAssignments("W20180101", -1, AssignmentMode.Weekly, columnindex, names);

            SaveDutyAssignmentHistory();
        }

    }

    [XmlRoot(ElementName = "DutyAssignmentHistory", Namespace = "http://www.publictalksoftware.co.uk/msa")]
    public class DutyAssignmentHistory
    {
        public List<DutyAssignmentEntry> DutyAssignments
        {
            get => _DutyAssignments; set => _DutyAssignments = value;
        }
        private List<DutyAssignmentEntry> _DutyAssignments;
        private Dictionary<string, DutyAssignmentEntry> _DutyAssignmentsDictionary = new Dictionary<string, DutyAssignmentEntry>();

        public DutyAssignmentHistory()
        {
            _DutyAssignments = new List<DutyAssignmentEntry>();
        }

        public void BuildDutyAssignmentDictionaryFromList()
        {
            _DutyAssignmentsDictionary = _DutyAssignments.ToDictionary(x => x.Week, x => x);
        }

        public void BuildDutyAssignmentListFromDictionary()
        {
            _DutyAssignments = _DutyAssignmentsDictionary.Select(x => x.Value).ToList();
        }

        public void AddAssignments(string Week, int Template, AssignmentMode eMode, List<int> ColumnIndex, List<string> Names)
        {
            DutyAssignmentEntry oEntry = new DutyAssignmentEntry
            {
                Week = Week,
                Template = Template,
                WeeklyMode = eMode == AssignmentMode.Weekly
            };

            int iNumNames = Names.Count;
            for(int iName = 0; iName < iNumNames; iName++)
            {
                Assignment oAssign = new Assignment
                {
                    ColumnIndex = ColumnIndex[iName],
                    Name = Names[iName]
                };

                if (eMode == AssignmentMode.Midweek)
                    oEntry.MidweekAssignments.Add(oAssign);
                else if (eMode == AssignmentMode.Weekend)
                    oEntry.WeekendAssignments.Add(oAssign);
                else
                    oEntry.WeeklyAssignments.Add(oAssign);
            }

            _DutyAssignmentsDictionary.Add(Week, oEntry);
        }

    }

    public class DutyAssignmentEntry
    {
        [XmlAttribute]
        public string Week
        {
            get => _Week; set => _Week = value;
        }
        private string _Week;

        [XmlAttribute]
        public int Template
        {
            get => _Template; set => _Template = value;
        }
        private int _Template;

        [XmlAttribute]
        public bool WeeklyMode
        {
            get => _WeeklyMode; set => _WeeklyMode = value;
        }
        private bool _WeeklyMode;

        public List<Assignment> MidweekAssignments
        {
            get => _MidweekAssignments; set => _MidweekAssignments = value;
        }
        private List<Assignment> _MidweekAssignments;

        public List<Assignment> WeekendAssignments
        {
            get => _WeekendAssignments; set => _WeekendAssignments = value;
        }
        private List<Assignment> _WeekendAssignments;

        public List<Assignment> WeeklyAssignments
        {
            get => _WeeklyAssignments; set => _WeeklyAssignments = value;
        }
        private List<Assignment> _WeeklyAssignments;

        public DutyAssignmentEntry()
        {
            _Week = "";
            _Template = -1;
            _WeeklyMode = true;
            _MidweekAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
            _WeekendAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
            _WeeklyAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        }
    }

    public class Assignment
    {
        [XmlAttribute]
        public int ColumnIndex
        {
            get => _ColumnIndex; set => _ColumnIndex = value;
        }
        private int _ColumnIndex;

        [XmlText]
        public string Name
        {
            get => _Name; set => _Name = value;
        }
        private string _Name;

        public Assignment()
        {
            _ColumnIndex = -1;
            _Name = "";
        }
    }
}

当我执行上述MFC代码时，我会得到一个XML文件（正如我预期的那样），如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DutyAssignmentHistory xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.publictalksoftware.co.uk/msa">
  <DutyAssignments>
    <DutyAssignmentEntry Week="W20180101" Template="-1" WeeklyMode="true">
      <MidweekAssignments />
      <WeekendAssignments />
      <WeeklyAssignments>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="1">Assign 1</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="2">Assign 2</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="3">Assign 3</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="4">Assign 4</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="5">Assign 5</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="6">Assign 6</Assignment>
      </WeeklyAssignments>
    </DutyAssignmentEntry>
  </DutyAssignments>
</DutyAssignmentHistory>

public class DutyAssignmentEntry
{
    private string _Week;
    private int _Template;
    private bool _WeeklyMode;
    private List<Assignment> _MidweekAssignments;
    private List<Assignment> _WeekendAssignments;
    private List<Assignment> _WeeklyAssignments;

    [XmlAttribute]
    public string Week
    {
        get => _Week; set => _Week = value;
    }

    [XmlAttribute]
    public int Template
    {
        get => _Template; set => _Template = value;
    }

    [XmlAttribute]
    public bool WeeklyMode
    {
        get => _WeeklyMode; set => _WeeklyMode = value;
    }

    public List<Assignment> MidweekAssignments
    {
        get => _MidweekAssignments; set => _MidweekAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool MidweekAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_MidweekAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public List<Assignment> WeekendAssignments
    {
        get => _WeekendAssignments; set => _WeekendAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool WeekendAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_WeekendAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public List<Assignment> WeeklyAssignments
    {
        get => _WeeklyAssignments; set => _WeeklyAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool WeeklyAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_WeeklyAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public DutyAssignmentEntry()
    {
        _Week = "";
        _Template = -1;
        _WeeklyMode = true;
        _MidweekAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        _WeekendAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        _WeeklyAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
    }
}

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请注意，我有三个潜在的内部节点列表：

• 周中签字
• 周末派遣
• 周报

我希望XML序列化的方式如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DutyAssignmentHistory xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.publictalksoftware.co.uk/msa">
  <DutyAssignments>
    <DutyAssignmentEntry Week="W20180101" Template="-1" WeeklyMode="true">
      <MidweekAssignments />
      <WeekendAssignments />
      <WeeklyAssignments>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="1">Assign 1</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="2">Assign 2</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="3">Assign 3</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="4">Assign 4</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="5">Assign 5</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="6">Assign 6</Assignment>
      </WeeklyAssignments>
    </DutyAssignmentEntry>
  </DutyAssignments>
</DutyAssignmentHistory>

public class DutyAssignmentEntry
{
    private string _Week;
    private int _Template;
    private bool _WeeklyMode;
    private List<Assignment> _MidweekAssignments;
    private List<Assignment> _WeekendAssignments;
    private List<Assignment> _WeeklyAssignments;

    [XmlAttribute]
    public string Week
    {
        get => _Week; set => _Week = value;
    }

    [XmlAttribute]
    public int Template
    {
        get => _Template; set => _Template = value;
    }

    [XmlAttribute]
    public bool WeeklyMode
    {
        get => _WeeklyMode; set => _WeeklyMode = value;
    }

    public List<Assignment> MidweekAssignments
    {
        get => _MidweekAssignments; set => _MidweekAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool MidweekAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_MidweekAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public List<Assignment> WeekendAssignments
    {
        get => _WeekendAssignments; set => _WeekendAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool WeekendAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_WeekendAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public List<Assignment> WeeklyAssignments
    {
        get => _WeeklyAssignments; set => _WeeklyAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool WeeklyAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_WeeklyAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public DutyAssignmentEntry()
    {
        _Week = "";
        _Template = -1;
        _WeeklyMode = true;
        _MidweekAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        _WeekendAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        _WeeklyAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
    }
}

如果WeeklyMode设置为“Weekly”，那么WeeklyAssignments节点应该出现在XMl条目中，否则，Middweek/Weekly节点应该出现

此时，即使节点列表中没有条目，也会创建空节点。这并不重要，它可以保持这样。但是，是否可以调整代码，使其仅在有数据时读取/写入

将属性添加到属性中：

[XmlElement]
public List<Assignment> MidweekAssignments
{
    get { return  _MidweekAssignments; } set {   _MidweekAssignments = value;}
}
private List<Assignment> _MidweekAssignments;

[XmlElement]
public List<Assignment> WeekendAssignments
{
    get { return _WeekendAssignments; } set {   _WeekendAssignments = value;}
}
private List<Assignment> _WeekendAssignments;

[XmlElement]
public List<Assignment> WeeklyAssignments
{
    get 
    {  return  _WeeklyAssignments;  } set {   _WeeklyAssignments = value;}
}
private List<Assignment> _WeeklyAssignments;

[XmlElement]
周中公开名单
{
获取{return}MidweekAssignments；}set{{u MidweekAssignments=value；}
}
私人名单(周中签署);；
[XmlElement]
公共列表周分配
{
获取{return}WeekendAssignments；}set{{WeekendAssignments=value；}
}
私人名单(每星期一次);；
[XmlElement]
公开名单周报
{
得到
{return{u WeeklyAssignments；}set{{u WeeklyAssignments=value；}
}
私人名单(每周签署);；

很抱歉，C#7语法不那么花哨，我手头只有旧的东西

这不会更改接口及其行为，但会按如下方式呈现XML：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<DutyAssignmentHistory xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.publictalksoftware.co.uk/msa">
  <DutyAssignments>
    <DutyAssignmentEntry Week="W20180101" Template="-1" WeeklyMode="true">
      <WeeklyAssignments ColumnIndex="1">Assign 1</WeeklyAssignments>
      <WeeklyAssignments ColumnIndex="2">Assign 2</WeeklyAssignments>
      <WeeklyAssignments ColumnIndex="3">Assign 3</WeeklyAssignments>
      <WeeklyAssignments ColumnIndex="4">Assign 4</WeeklyAssignments>
      <WeeklyAssignments ColumnIndex="5">Assign 5</WeeklyAssignments>
      <WeeklyAssignments ColumnIndex="6">Assign 6</WeeklyAssignments>
    </DutyAssignmentEntry>
  </DutyAssignments>
</DutyAssignmentHistory>

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---

如果我这样调整我的课程，这符合你的要求

：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DutyAssignmentHistory xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://www.publictalksoftware.co.uk/msa">
  <DutyAssignments>
    <DutyAssignmentEntry Week="W20180101" Template="-1" WeeklyMode="true">
      <MidweekAssignments />
      <WeekendAssignments />
      <WeeklyAssignments>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="1">Assign 1</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="2">Assign 2</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="3">Assign 3</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="4">Assign 4</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="5">Assign 5</Assignment>
        <Assignment ColumnIndex="6">Assign 6</Assignment>
      </WeeklyAssignments>
    </DutyAssignmentEntry>
  </DutyAssignments>
</DutyAssignmentHistory>

public class DutyAssignmentEntry
{
    private string _Week;
    private int _Template;
    private bool _WeeklyMode;
    private List<Assignment> _MidweekAssignments;
    private List<Assignment> _WeekendAssignments;
    private List<Assignment> _WeeklyAssignments;

    [XmlAttribute]
    public string Week
    {
        get => _Week; set => _Week = value;
    }

    [XmlAttribute]
    public int Template
    {
        get => _Template; set => _Template = value;
    }

    [XmlAttribute]
    public bool WeeklyMode
    {
        get => _WeeklyMode; set => _WeeklyMode = value;
    }

    public List<Assignment> MidweekAssignments
    {
        get => _MidweekAssignments; set => _MidweekAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool MidweekAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_MidweekAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public List<Assignment> WeekendAssignments
    {
        get => _WeekendAssignments; set => _WeekendAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool WeekendAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_WeekendAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public List<Assignment> WeeklyAssignments
    {
        get => _WeeklyAssignments; set => _WeeklyAssignments = value;
    }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public bool WeeklyAssignmentsSpecified
    {
        get { return (_WeeklyAssignments.Count > 0); }
    }

    public DutyAssignmentEntry()
    {
        _Week = "";
        _Template = -1;
        _WeeklyMode = true;
        _MidweekAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        _WeekendAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
        _WeeklyAssignments = new List<Assignment>();
    }
}

公共类DutyAssignmentEntry
{
私人字符串(u周),；
私有int_模板；
私人书店周刊；
私人名单(周中签署);；
私人名单(每星期一次);；
私人名单(每周签署);；
[XmlAttribute]
公共字符串周
{
获取=>\u周；设置=>\u周=值；
}
[XmlAttribute]
公共int模板
{
获取=>\u模板；设置=>\u模板=值；
}
[XmlAttribute]
公共图书馆周刊
{
get=>\u WeeklyMode；set=>\u WeeklyMode=value；
}
周中公开名单
{
get=>\u周中签名；set=>\u周中签名=值；
}
[XmlIgnore]
已指定周中公共布尔标志
{
获取{return（_MidweekAssignments.Count>0）；}
}
公共列表周分配
{
get=>\u WeekendAssignments；set=>\u WeekendAssignments=value；
}
[XmlIgnore]
指定的公共业务周分配
{
获取{return（_WeekendAssignments.Count>0）；}
}
公开名单周报
{
get=>\u WeeklyAssignments；set=>\u WeeklyAssignments=value；
}
[XmlIgnore]
指定的公共布尔每周签名
{
获取{return（_WeeklyAssignments.Count>0）；}
}
公共义务签名条目（）
{
_周=”；
_模板=-1；
_WeeklyMode=true；
_周中签名=新列表（）；
_WeekendAssignments=新列表（）；
_WeeklyAsignments=新列表（）；
}
}

然后我得到了想要的行为。我仍然有我的节点列表，并且只有在三个附加属性为true时才会写入节点：

• 指定周中设计

• weekendassignments已指定

• 指定的每周签名

---

@rene我知道如果属性为null，它将不会写入XML文件？但是，如果属性为null并且正在读取数据，会发生什么情况？这就是为什么在构造函数中初始化，因为我认为它们必须是有效的。错误？我发现：如果我添加xxxxSpecified属性，我可以根据每周模式将它们设置为true/false，它应该会抑制序列化。谢谢。我知道你已经调整了它的连载方式。唯一的事情是，当我不在每周模式时，我会有两个任务列表，分别看起来更好。我明天会尝试一些东西并更新每个人。我接受你的，因为我最终调整了我的逻辑来简化我的XML文件，这就是我的解决方案。虽然我的回答也是正确的。