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使用BouncyCastle在C#中使用OpenSSL使用AES256-GCM解密PHP加密的字符串

c# php openssl

使用BouncyCastle在C#中使用OpenSSL使用AES256-GCM解密PHP加密的字符串,c#,php,openssl,bouncycastle,aes-gcm,C#,Php,Openssl,Bouncycastle,Aes Gcm,解决方案 注意：我已经用PBKDF2-SHA512（20K迭代）替换了简单的SHA256派生密钥，以提高安全性 PHP函数： function str_encryptaesgcm($plaintext, $password, $encoding = null) { $keysalt = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16); $key = hash_pbkdf2("sha512", $password, $keysalt, 20000

解决方案

注意：我已经用PBKDF2-SHA512（20K迭代）替换了简单的SHA256派生密钥，以提高安全性

PHP函数：

function str_encryptaesgcm($plaintext, $password, $encoding = null) {
    $keysalt = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16);
    $key = hash_pbkdf2("sha512", $password, $keysalt, 20000, 32, true);
    $iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length("aes-256-gcm"));
    $tag = "";
    $encryptedstring = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, "aes-256-gcm", $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv, $tag, "", 16);
    return $encoding == "hex" ? bin2hex($keysalt.$iv.$encryptedstring.$tag) : ($encoding == "base64" ? base64_encode($keysalt.$iv.$encryptedstring.$tag) : $keysalt.$iv.$encryptedstring.$tag);
}

function str_decryptaesgcm($encryptedstring, $password, $encoding = null) {
    $encryptedstring = $encoding == "hex" ? hex2bin($encryptedstring) : ($encoding == "base64" ? base64_decode($encryptedstring) : $encryptedstring);
    $keysalt = substr($encryptedstring, 0, 16);
    $key = hash_pbkdf2("sha512", $password, $keysalt, 20000, 32, true);
    $ivlength = openssl_cipher_iv_length("aes-256-gcm");
    $iv = substr($encryptedstring, 16, $ivlength);
    $tag = substr($encryptedstring, -16);
    return openssl_decrypt(substr($encryptedstring, 16 + $ivlength, -16), "aes-256-gcm", $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv, $tag);
}
C级：

我使用openssl在PHP中加密/解密字符串：

function str_encryptaesgcm($plaintext, $password, $encoding = null) {
    $aes = array("key" => substr(hash("sha256", $password, true), 0, 32), "cipher" => "aes-256-gcm", "iv" => openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length("aes-256-gcm")));
    $encryptedstring = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $aes["cipher"], $aes["key"], OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $aes["iv"], $aes["tag"], "", 16);
    return $encoding == "hex" ? bin2hex($aes["iv"].$encryptedstring.$aes["tag"]) : ($encoding == "base64" ? base64_encode($aes["iv"].$encryptedstring.$aes["tag"]) : $aes["iv"].$encryptedstring.$aes["tag"]);
}

function str_decryptaesgcm($encryptedstring, $password, $encoding = null) {
    $encryptedstring = $encoding == "hex" ? hex2bin($encryptedstring) : ($encoding == "base64" ? base64_decode($encryptedstring) : $encryptedstring);
    $aes = array("key" => substr(hash("sha256", $password, true), 0, 32), "cipher" => "aes-256-gcm", "ivlength" => openssl_cipher_iv_length("aes-256-gcm"), "iv" => substr($encryptedstring, 0, openssl_cipher_iv_length("aes-256-gcm")), "tag" => substr($encryptedstring, -16));
    return openssl_decrypt(substr($encryptedstring, $aes["ivlength"], -16), $aes["cipher"], $aes["key"], OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $aes["iv"], $aes["tag"]);
}
一切正常，事实上我得到：

$text = "Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...";
$pass = "A random password to encrypt";
$enc = str_encryptaesgcm($text, $pass, "base64"); // OUTPUT: TrbntVEj8GEGeLE6ZYJnDIXnqSese5biWn604NePb2r6jsFhuzJsNHnN2GCizrGfhP4W39tahrGj0tORxvUbDpGT76WHr/v2wmnHHHiDGyjeKlWLu9/gfeualYvhsNF/N9inSpqxE2lQ+/vwpUJKYJw3bfo7DoGPDNk=
$dec = str_decryptaesgcm($enc, $pass, "base64"); // OUTPUT: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...
不幸的是，我需要从C#中解密字符串，因此我使用BouncyCastle来实现这一点，我使用的类是：

using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace PoGORaidEngine.Crypto
{
    internal static class AESGCM
    {
        private const int KEY_BIT_SIZE = 256;
        private const int MAC_BIT_SIZE = 128;
        private const int NONCE_BIT_SIZE = 96; // 12 bytes (openssl)

        internal static string DecryptString(string EncryptedString, string Password)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(EncryptedString))
                return string.Empty;

            byte[] Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(SHA256String(Password).Substring(0, 32));
            byte[] EncryptedData = Convert.FromBase64String(EncryptedString);

            if (Key == null || Key.Length != KEY_BIT_SIZE / 8)
                throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Key needs to be {0} bit.", KEY_BIT_SIZE), "Key");

            using (MemoryStream MStream = new MemoryStream(EncryptedData))
            using (BinaryReader Binary = new BinaryReader(MStream))
            {
                byte[] IV = Binary.ReadBytes(NONCE_BIT_SIZE / 8);
                GcmBlockCipher Cipher = new GcmBlockCipher(new AesEngine());
                Cipher.Init(false, new AeadParameters(new KeyParameter(Key), MAC_BIT_SIZE, IV));

                byte[] CipherText = Binary.ReadBytes(EncryptedData.Length - IV.Length);
                byte[] PlainText = new byte[Cipher.GetOutputSize(CipherText.Length)];

                int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherText, 0, CipherText.Length, PlainText, 0);
                Cipher.DoFinal(PlainText, Length);

                return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(PlainText);
            }
        }

        private static string SHA256String(string Password)
        {
            using (SHA256 Hash = SHA256.Create())
            {
                byte[] PasswordBytes = Hash.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Password));
                StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();

                for (int i = 0; i < PasswordBytes.Length; i++)
                    SB.Append(PasswordBytes[i].ToString("X2"));

                return SB.ToString();
            }
        }
    }
}
我浪费了几个小时试图找出问题，但没有成功，我也尝试在这里搜索，在Stackoverflow上，但我没有找到答案，甚至没有找到这个。 是否有人曾经测试并尝试使用AES256-GCM使用BouncyCastle从PHP（openssl）解密到C#？提前感谢您的帮助

更新

我尝试更新PHP方法进行加密，以查看数据是否正常：

function str_encryptaesgcm($plaintext, $password, $encoding = null) {
    $aes = array("key" => substr(hash("sha256", $password, true), 0, 32), "cipher" => "aes-256-gcm", "iv" => openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length("aes-256-gcm")));
    $encryptedstring = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $aes["cipher"], $aes["key"], OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $aes["iv"], $aes["tag"], "", 16);

    switch ($encoding) {
        case "base64":
            return array("encrypteddata" => base64_encode($aes["iv"].$encryptedstring.$aes["tag"]), "iv" => base64_encode($aes["iv"]), "encryptedstring" => base64_encode($encryptedstring), "tag" => base64_encode($aes["tag"]));
        case "hex":
            return array("encrypteddata" => bin2hex($aes["iv"].$encryptedstring.$aes["tag"]), "iv" => bin2hex($aes["iv"]), "encryptedstring" => bin2hex($encryptedstring), "tag" => bin2hex($aes["tag"]));
        default:
            return array("encrypteddata" => $aes["iv"].$encryptedstring.$aes["tag"], "iv" => $aes["iv"], "encryptedstring" => $encryptedstring, "tag" => $aes["tag"]);
    }
}
所以我得到：

{"encrypteddata":"w2eUXD41sCgTBvN7PtKlhzHB0lodPohnOh8V1lWsATvRujwsV18DDftGqJLqpsWxatYUX7C0jxjLcPQUoazIfiVdRmAsbGAKuvXYSsNjQ6ahGY4AxowAp0p\/IGDuYWbCrof6GZHUyoxv9Ry8NP1yxNItnBlUhGS8ua0=","iv":"w2eUXD41sCgTBvN7","encryptedstring":"PtKlhzHB0lodPohnOh8V1lWsATvRujwsV18DDftGqJLqpsWxatYUX7C0jxjLcPQUoazIfiVdRmAsbGAKuvXYSsNjQ6ahGY4AxowAp0p\/IGDuYWbCrof6GZHUyoxv9Q==","tag":"HLw0\/XLE0i2cGVSEZLy5rQ=="}
这让我明白，在PHP方面，一切都正常，还因为当我从PHP执行解密时，一切都正常工作。我试图按照的建议更新C代码上的类，但是我得到了一个新的异常：
Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.InvalidCipherTextException:数据太短
：

using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;

namespace PoGORaidEngine.Crypto
{
    internal static class AESGCM
    {
        private const int MAC_BIT_SIZE = 128;
        private const int NONCE_BIT_SIZE = 96;

        internal static string DecryptString(string EncryptedString, string Password)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(EncryptedString))
                return string.Empty;

            byte[] EncryptedData = Convert.FromBase64String(EncryptedString);
            byte[] Key = DerivateKey(Password);
            byte[] IV;
            byte[] CipherText;
            byte[] Tag;

            using (MemoryStream MStream = new MemoryStream(EncryptedData))
            using (BinaryReader Binary = new BinaryReader(MStream))
            {
                IV = Binary.ReadBytes(NONCE_BIT_SIZE / 8);
                CipherText = Binary.ReadBytes(EncryptedData.Length - IV.Length - (MAC_BIT_SIZE / 8));
                Tag = Binary.ReadBytes(MAC_BIT_SIZE / 8);
            }

            byte[] AAED = new byte[0];
            byte[] DecryptedData = new byte[CipherText.Length];

            GcmBlockCipher Cipher = new GcmBlockCipher(new AesEngine());
            Cipher.Init(false, new AeadParameters(new KeyParameter(Key), MAC_BIT_SIZE, IV, AAED));
            int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherText, 0, CipherText.Length, DecryptedData, 0);
            Cipher.DoFinal(DecryptedData, Length);

            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(DecryptedData);
        }

        private static byte[] DerivateKey(string Password)
        {
            using (SHA256 Hash = SHA256.Create())
                return Hash.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Password));
        }
    }
}
作为一个计数器测试，我试图在base64 IV中获得干净的加密字符串和标记，并且数据完全匹配，就像在PHP中一样。
我相信解决办法非常接近。问题出现在：
Cipher.DoFinal（DecryptedData，Length）
（
newbyte[CipherText.Length]
）。

我不确定您在C#上的“密钥派生”是否与在PHP上一样有效，所以我使用了自己的一个。此外，我还使用了自己的解密函数，该函数在没有Bouncy Castle的情况下运行，这可能是您使用Bouncy Castle的良好基础

请注意，使用SHA哈希的密钥派生是不安全的，您应该为此任务使用类似PBKDF2的内容

我正在使用示例输出

TrbntVEj8GEGeLE6ZYJnDIXnqSese5biWn604NePb2r6jsFhuzJsNHnN2GCizrGfhP4W39tahrGj0tORxvUbDpGT76WHr/v2wmnHHHiDGyjeKlWLu9/gfeualYvhsNF/N9inSpqxE2lQ+/vwpUJKYJw3bfo7DoGPDNk=
作为C#中解密函数的输入-结果如下：

AES GCM 256 String decryption
* * * Decryption * * *
ciphertext (Base64): TrbntVEj8GEGeLE6ZYJnDIXnqSese5biWn604NePb2r6jsFhuzJsNHnN2GCizrGfhP4W39tahrGj0tORxvUbDpGT76WHr/v2wmnHHHiDGyjeKlWLu9/gfeualYvhsNF/N9inSpqxE2lQ+/vwpUJKYJw3bfo7DoGPDNk=
plaintext: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...
请注意，我的代码没有异常处理，仅用于教育目的，代码在联机编译器（）中使用.net 5运行：

编辑：您是否注意到GCM标记从未在更新的解密函数中使用

Bouncy Castle的GCM函数的工作原理类似于Java挂件，需要一个将标记附加到密文中的密文

最后，您需要执行一些字节数组复制操作：

byte[] CipherTextTag = new byte[CipherText.Length + Tag.Length];
System.Buffer.BlockCopy(CipherText, 0, CipherTextTag, 0, CipherText.Length);
System.Buffer.BlockCopy(Tag, 0, CipherTextTag, CipherText.Length, Tag.Length);
int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherTextTag, 0, CipherTextTag.Length, DecryptedData, 0);
使用此“完整密文”可以使其与原始PHP代码一起运行：

AES GCM 256 String decryption
* * * Decryption * * *
ciphertext (Base64): aV+gDmSBbi9PjOT9FD8LcuISbEQ5F3q0X8qzf3MKiDzxo12WQVirsnltbApLMMG9JScVfTXx7PJw7EVFoKz8JLMYLMu/JsRGcfvihSK+d/yeRTBEuJHL74Hv2Zr7b4CoMJhEUmYF3KT2Onlj4lI5ChOjmgXvpSev/xc=
plaintext: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...
完整代码：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;

public class Program {
    public static void Main() {
        Console.WriteLine("AES GCM 256 String decryption");

        // decryption
        Console.WriteLine("\n* * * Decryption * * *");
        
        string password = "A random password to encrypt";
        //generate hash of password # # # this is UNSECURE # # #

        string soCiphertextBase64 = "aV+gDmSBbi9PjOT9FD8LcuISbEQ5F3q0X8qzf3MKiDzxo12WQVirsnltbApLMMG9JScVfTXx7PJw7EVFoKz8JLMYLMu/JsRGcfvihSK+d/yeRTBEuJHL74Hv2Zr7b4CoMJhEUmYF3KT2Onlj4lI5ChOjmgXvpSev/xc=";
        Console.WriteLine("ciphertext (Base64): " + soCiphertextBase64);
        string soDecryptedtextAsk = DecryptString(soCiphertextBase64, password);
        Console.WriteLine("plaintext: " + soDecryptedtextAsk);
    }
    
    static string DecryptString(string EncryptedString, string Password)
        {
            const int MAC_BIT_SIZE = 128;
            const int NONCE_BIT_SIZE = 96;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(EncryptedString))
                return string.Empty;
            byte[] EncryptedData = Convert.FromBase64String(EncryptedString);
            byte[] Key = DerivateKey(Password);
            byte[] IV;
            byte[] CipherText;
            byte[] Tag;
            using (MemoryStream MStream = new MemoryStream(EncryptedData))
            using (BinaryReader Binary = new BinaryReader(MStream))
            {
                IV = Binary.ReadBytes(NONCE_BIT_SIZE / 8);
                CipherText = Binary.ReadBytes(EncryptedData.Length - IV.Length - (MAC_BIT_SIZE / 8));
                Tag = Binary.ReadBytes(MAC_BIT_SIZE / 8);
            }
            byte[] AAED = new byte[0];
            byte[] DecryptedData = new byte[CipherText.Length];
            GcmBlockCipher Cipher = new GcmBlockCipher(new AesEngine());
            Cipher.Init(false, new AeadParameters(new KeyParameter(Key), MAC_BIT_SIZE, IV, AAED));
            // combine ciphertext + tag
            byte[] CipherTextTag = new byte[CipherText.Length + Tag.Length];
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(CipherText, 0, CipherTextTag, 0, CipherText.Length);
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(Tag, 0, CipherTextTag, CipherText.Length, Tag.Length);
            int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherTextTag, 0, CipherTextTag.Length, DecryptedData, 0);
            //int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherText, 0, CipherText.Length, DecryptedData, 0);
            Cipher.DoFinal(DecryptedData, Length);
            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(DecryptedData);
        }

        private static byte[] DerivateKey(string Password)
        {
            using (SHA256 Hash = SHA256.Create())
                return Hash.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Password));
        }
}
马可-我很好奇-这是你唯一使用的两种语言吗（PHP和C）？我们已经为GCM（128和256）编写了一些跨语言/库，使用Java、C#、Go、Python、Ruby、C、Openssl、bouncycastle和其他工具，并且没有遇到您遇到的任何问题，但我们处理密钥管理的方式有点不同。我们还没有添加PHP，但与C相比，使用OpenSSL的一些PHP接口有一些不同。

您好，首先感谢您的回答。我曾经这样编辑过我的类：但是现在抛出了一个新的异常：Org.bounchycastle.Crypto.InvalidCipherTextException:数据太短调试数据总是一个好主意，您可以比较“BC”使用我发布的解决方案轻松获取数据，以找出哪些数据太短：-）顺便说一句：请编辑您的帖子并从您的pastebin源添加新代码，因为第三方源可能会消失，谢谢。更新。我仍然不知道问题出在哪里。@Marco Concas：请看我编辑的答案：-）这是缺失的部分，是的！只是标签！问题已经解决了。我将使用您提出的更安全的算法编辑密钥派生，并更新答案。感谢您为我和这个社区奉献的时间。您不需要PBKDF2的外部库，请参阅我知道可以避免使用外部库，如果可能的话，我可以避免使用外部库，但Rfc2898DeriveBytes类不支持SHA512。这就是我使用AspNet的NuGet的原因。你检查了我的链接吗？示例是在没有外部库的情况下使用SHA-1、SHA-256和SHA-512运行PBKDF2。这是指向运行示例的联机编译器的链接：@MichaelFehr fixed。非常感谢。我不理解这个问题。抱歉-可能更多的是一种尝试和帮助指出加密库和PBKDF的声明。在我们的项目中，我们使用8种不同的语言和几个不同的加密库（OpenSSL、Bouncy Castle和其他）与GCM 128和256，它们都可以完美地互操作。加密密钥来自HSM，因此不需要PBKDF。我们正在考虑添加PHP支持，但与其他语言（尤其是GCM）相比，OpenSSL API的可用性有所不同。您是否后退一步，尝试simple key/iv（无sha/kdf）以确保其他所有功能都正常工作？我已经解决了问题，所有功能都可以完美安全地工作。请参阅我文章开头的解决方案。 
byte[] CipherTextTag = new byte[CipherText.Length + Tag.Length];
System.Buffer.BlockCopy(CipherText, 0, CipherTextTag, 0, CipherText.Length);
System.Buffer.BlockCopy(Tag, 0, CipherTextTag, CipherText.Length, Tag.Length);
int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherTextTag, 0, CipherTextTag.Length, DecryptedData, 0);

AES GCM 256 String decryption
* * * Decryption * * *
ciphertext (Base64): aV+gDmSBbi9PjOT9FD8LcuISbEQ5F3q0X8qzf3MKiDzxo12WQVirsnltbApLMMG9JScVfTXx7PJw7EVFoKz8JLMYLMu/JsRGcfvihSK+d/yeRTBEuJHL74Hv2Zr7b4CoMJhEUmYF3KT2Onlj4lI5ChOjmgXvpSev/xc=
plaintext: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Modes;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;

public class Program {
    public static void Main() {
        Console.WriteLine("AES GCM 256 String decryption");

        // decryption
        Console.WriteLine("\n* * * Decryption * * *");
        
        string password = "A random password to encrypt";
        //generate hash of password # # # this is UNSECURE # # #

        string soCiphertextBase64 = "aV+gDmSBbi9PjOT9FD8LcuISbEQ5F3q0X8qzf3MKiDzxo12WQVirsnltbApLMMG9JScVfTXx7PJw7EVFoKz8JLMYLMu/JsRGcfvihSK+d/yeRTBEuJHL74Hv2Zr7b4CoMJhEUmYF3KT2Onlj4lI5ChOjmgXvpSev/xc=";
        Console.WriteLine("ciphertext (Base64): " + soCiphertextBase64);
        string soDecryptedtextAsk = DecryptString(soCiphertextBase64, password);
        Console.WriteLine("plaintext: " + soDecryptedtextAsk);
    }
    
    static string DecryptString(string EncryptedString, string Password)
        {
            const int MAC_BIT_SIZE = 128;
            const int NONCE_BIT_SIZE = 96;
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(EncryptedString))
                return string.Empty;
            byte[] EncryptedData = Convert.FromBase64String(EncryptedString);
            byte[] Key = DerivateKey(Password);
            byte[] IV;
            byte[] CipherText;
            byte[] Tag;
            using (MemoryStream MStream = new MemoryStream(EncryptedData))
            using (BinaryReader Binary = new BinaryReader(MStream))
            {
                IV = Binary.ReadBytes(NONCE_BIT_SIZE / 8);
                CipherText = Binary.ReadBytes(EncryptedData.Length - IV.Length - (MAC_BIT_SIZE / 8));
                Tag = Binary.ReadBytes(MAC_BIT_SIZE / 8);
            }
            byte[] AAED = new byte[0];
            byte[] DecryptedData = new byte[CipherText.Length];
            GcmBlockCipher Cipher = new GcmBlockCipher(new AesEngine());
            Cipher.Init(false, new AeadParameters(new KeyParameter(Key), MAC_BIT_SIZE, IV, AAED));
            // combine ciphertext + tag
            byte[] CipherTextTag = new byte[CipherText.Length + Tag.Length];
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(CipherText, 0, CipherTextTag, 0, CipherText.Length);
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(Tag, 0, CipherTextTag, CipherText.Length, Tag.Length);
            int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherTextTag, 0, CipherTextTag.Length, DecryptedData, 0);
            //int Length = Cipher.ProcessBytes(CipherText, 0, CipherText.Length, DecryptedData, 0);
            Cipher.DoFinal(DecryptedData, Length);
            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(DecryptedData);
        }

        private static byte[] DerivateKey(string Password)
        {
            using (SHA256 Hash = SHA256.Create())
                return Hash.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Password));
        }
}