Database Oracle 12c无法使用sqlplus连接到数据库

我刚刚在本地计算机plus SQL Developer中安装了Oracle database 12c，当尝试从命令提示符启动sqlplus时，我遇到以下错误：

C:\WINDOWS\system32>sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 09:44:14 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

事实上，如果我跑步：

sqlplus system/<pass>@localhost:1521/orcl.carver-as.com as sysdba

Oracle客户端安装路径：

c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\

c:\oracle\client\dperezd\product\12.2.0\client_1\Network\Admin\

Sid: orcl

tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:46:01

Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Archivos de parßmetros utilizados:
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Adaptador TNSNAMES utilizado para resolver el alias
Intentando contactar con (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)))
Realizado correctamente (0 mseg)

C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:23

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
ESTADO del LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Versi¾n                   TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Fecha de Inicio       09-AGO-2018 09:35:29
Tiempo Actividad   0 dÝas 0 hr. 17 min. 56 seg.
Nivel de Rastreo        off
Seguridad               ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Parßmetros del Listener   C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
Log del Listener          C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\diag\tnslsnr\DPEREZD\listener\alert\log.xml
Recibiendo Resumen de Puntos Finales...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\ORACLE\DPEREZD\VIRTUAL\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El comando ha terminado correctamente

C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl service

LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:53

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
    Manejador(es):
      "DEDICATED" establecido:0 rechazado:0
         LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
    Manejador(es):
      "DEDICATED" establecido:2 rechazado:0 estado:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
    Manejador(es):
      "D000" establecidos:0 rechazados:0 actuales:0 mßximo:1022 estado:ready
         DISPATCHER <machine: DPEREZD, pid: 12252>
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1825))
El comando ha terminado correctamente

c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome\u 1\network\admin\tsnames.ora：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))


ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = CLRExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)
    )
  )

c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome\u 1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora：

# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to 
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native 
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

我曾读到，在Windows中设置TNS_ADMIN environment Variable可能会有所帮助，我做到了：

set TNS_ADMIN=c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

但问题依然存在，但毫无用处

好的，我希望这些信息足以让任何人帮助我

这真的很奇怪，因为服务已经启动并运行了，ping还可以，带有全套参数的sqlplus刚刚连接，但是不管我做什么，sqlplus单独连接都不行

---

谢谢。

大多数情况下，您在本地安装时遇到TNS:protocol adapter错误是由于未正确设置ORACLE_SID变量造成的

例如，从我的本地安装：

我的实际变量：

测试连接：

更改ORACLE\u SID

测试连接

您可以检查的另一件事是PATH变量，并确保在客户端主页之前设置了ORACLE_主页

希望这有帮助。

让我们这样做： 1.打开Oracle Net配置助手 2.在本地网络服务名称配置中选择单选按钮选项，然后单击下一步 3.在“重新配置”中选择单选按钮选项，然后单击“下一步” 4.选择要重新配置的网络服务名称，或者选择ORACLR\u连接\u数据，或者选择ORCL，然后单击下一步 5.输入您的服务名称，如果已安装oracle的服务名称为ORCL，则将ORCL写入该字段，然后单击“下一步” 6.选择要使用的协议，例如，选择TCP，然后单击下一步 7.输入oracle数据库引擎服务安装的主机名，例如，安装在台式机或笔记本电脑上， 然后填写为localhost，并填写您的端口号选择选项使用标准端口号1521，或者如果使用其他端口，请填写端口号 然后单击下一步。 8.选择是执行测试， 如有必要，请更改用户登录 然后单击下一步 9如果“否”，请配置另一个网络服务名称，选择“否”，然后单击“下一步” 10单击“完成”

---

如果要从MS Visual Studio连接到.net framework，请下载、解压缩并安装odtwithoda183.zip和BuildTools_Full.exe

非常感谢Edward。我意识到我的ORACLE\u HOME和ORACLE\u SID变量没有设置，所以我按照您的说明设置它们，如：set ORACLE\u HOME=c:\ORACLE\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome\u 1 set ORACLE\u SID=orcl仍然不走运，奇怪的是，如果我写：sqlplus system/@orcl as sysdba，它就会正确连接，但不仅仅是没有参数的sqlplus。。奇怪的sho参数local_listener的输出是什么？使用@orcleyou正在使用1521上的侦听器可能本地侦听器有问题？我现在不在电脑前，但我会尽力给你更多的支持：再次感谢你的努力。sho参数local\u listener=>local\u listener字符串listener\u或loh my Gosh！终于明白了。有时你不相信问题是什么，这就是我现在的情况。我还有一个客户端安装，正在执行客户端的sqlplus，这意味着环境变量的顺序不正确。现在它按预期工作，因此我将结束案例，但感谢您的时间。如我在回答中所述，确保您在客户回家之前安装了ORACLE_HOME，顺便说一句，很高兴您解决了问题！：

set TNS_ADMIN=c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

CMD> set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=PRDDB

CMD> sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:35:49 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba

Connesso a:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit
Disconnesso da Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

CMD> set ORACLE_SID=TEST

CMD>set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=TEST

CMD> sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:36:17 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: errore dell'adattatore del protocollo


Immettere il nome utente: