Delphi 使用内联程序集计算数字位数

Delphi 使用内联程序集计算数字位数,delphi,assembly,inline-assembly,Delphi,Assembly,Inline Assembly,如何使用Delphi的内联汇编程序获得数字的位数 例如: 13452 should return 5 1344 should return 4 9721343 should return 7 等 我的尝试是: function CalculateLength(Number : integer) : Integer; begin asm PUSH Length(Number) MOV @Result, EAX end; end; 我的做法: function co

如何使用Delphi的内联汇编程序获得数字的位数

例如:

13452     should return 5
1344      should return 4
9721343   should return 7

我的尝试是:

function CalculateLength(Number : integer) : Integer;
begin
asm
  PUSH Length(Number)
  MOV @Result, EAX
end;
end;
我的做法:

function count_of_digits (n:Integer) : Cardinal;    {No problems for `n:Cardinal`}
var cnt : Cardinal;
begin
    cnt := 0;
    repeat
        inc (cnt);
        n := n div 10;
    until (n=0);
    count_of_digits := cnt;
end;

function count_of_digits_asm_signed (n:Integer) : Cardinal;
begin
    asm
        push ebx                { An asm statement must preserve the EDI, ESI, ESP, EBP, and EBX registers }
        xor ecx, ecx
        mov ebx, 10             { Base 10 (decimal), just change it for another base }
        mov eax, n

        @L1:
        add ecx, 1
        cdq                     { Set EDX for `idiv` }
        idiv ebx                { Decimal shift right by one decimal digit }
        test eax, eax
        jne @L1

        mov @result, ecx
        pop ebx
    end;
end;

function count_of_digits_asm_unsigned (n:Cardinal) : Cardinal;
begin
    asm
        push ebx                { An asm statement must preserve the EDI, ESI, ESP, EBP, and EBX registers }
        xor ecx, ecx
        mov ebx, 10             { Base 10 (decimal), just change it for another base }
        mov eax, n

        @L1:
        add ecx, 1
        xor edx, edx            { Set EDX for `div` }
        div ebx                 { Decimal shift right by one decimal digit }
        test eax, eax
        jne @L1

        mov @result, ecx
        pop ebx
    end;
end;

VAR
    i: Integer;
    c1, c2, c3: Cardinal;

BEGIN
    i := 13452;
    c1 := count_of_digits (i);
    c2 := count_of_digits_asm_signed (i);
    c3 := count_of_digits_asm_unsigned (i);
    writeln (i:11, c1:3, c2:3, c3:3);

    i := 1344;
    c1 := count_of_digits (i);
    c2 := count_of_digits_asm_signed (i);
    c3 := count_of_digits_asm_unsigned (i);
    writeln (i:11, c1:3, c2:3, c3:3);

    i := 9721343;
    c1 := count_of_digits (i);
    c2 := count_of_digits_asm_signed (i);
    c3 := count_of_digits_asm_unsigned (i);
    writeln (i:11, c1:3, c2:3, c3:3);

    i := -13452;
    c1 := count_of_digits (i);
    c2 := count_of_digits_asm_signed (i);
    c3 := count_of_digits_asm_unsigned (i);
    writeln (i:11, c1:3, c2:3, c3:3);
END.

下面是一个避免除法的更快算法:

function CountDigits(anInt: Cardinal): Cardinal; inline;
var 
  cmp: Cardinal;
begin
  cmp := 10;
  Result := 1;
  while (Result < 10) and (cmp <= anInt) do
  begin
    cmp := cmp*10;
    Inc(Result);
  end;
end;

function CountDigitsAsm(anInt: Cardinal): Cardinal;
asm
   mov ecx,$a          // cmp := 10;
   mov edx,$1          // Result := 1;
   jmp @loop2
   cmp eax,edx         // while cmp <= anInt do
   jb @done
@loop1:
   add ecx,ecx         // cmp := cmp*10;
   lea ecx,[ecx+ecx*4]
   inc edx             // Inc(Result);
@loop2:
   cmp edx,$0a         // (Result < 10)
   jnb @done
   cmp eax,ecx
   jnb @loop1
@done:
   mov eax,edx
end;

begin
  WriteLn(CountDigitsAsm(10));
  WriteLn(CountDigitsAsm(99));
  WriteLn(CountDigitsAsm(999));
  WriteLn(CountDigitsAsm(9999));
  WriteLn(CountDigitsAsm(99999));
  ReadLn;
end.

以及展开的版本:

function CountDigitsUnrolled(anInt: Cardinal): Cardinal; inline;
begin
  if (anInt < 10) then Result := 1 else
  if (anInt < 100) then Result := 2 else
  if (anInt < 1000) then Result := 3 else
  if (anInt < 10000) then Result := 4 else
  if (anInt < 100000) then Result := 5 else
  if (anInt < 1000000) then Result := 6 else
  if (anInt < 10000000) then Result := 7 else
  if (anInt < 100000000) then Result := 8 else
  if (anInt < 1000000000) then Result := 9 else
    Result := 10;
end;
确定不同解决方案的时间:

Unrolled: 4097 ms
Case:     1444 ms
LUT:      3233 ms
pas:      6199 ms
asm:      6747 ms
测试代码:

  sw := TStopWatch.StartNew;
  for i := 1 to 1000000000 do
    j := CountDigitsXXX(i);
  WriteLn(sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,' ',j);
procedure TestXXX(var Distribution: array of Double);
var
  sw: TStopWatch;
  i,j,k,m: Cardinal;
const 
  StartIx: array[0..9] of Cardinal = ( 0,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,
    10000000,100000000,100000000);
  StopIx: array[0..9] of Cardinal = ( 9,99,999,9999,99999,999999,9999999,
    99999999,999999999,$FFFFFFFF);
  Repeats: array[0..9] of Cardinal = (10000000,1000000,100000,10000,1000,100,10,1,1,1);
begin
  for k := 0 to 9 do begin
    sw := TStopWatch.StartNew;
    for m := 1 to Repeats[k] do
     for i := StartIx[k] to StopIx[k] do
      j := CountDigitsXXX(i);
    Distribution[k] := sw.ElapsedMilliseconds*1000000.0/(1.0*Repeats[k]*(StopIx[k]- StartIx[k] + 1)); 
    WriteLn(sw.ElapsedMilliSeconds,' ',j);      
  end;
end;

附录

受到, 下面是一个Delphi实现,它是一个O(1)解决方案:

function OpenBit(AValue: Cardinal): Cardinal; register;
asm // Highest bit set
  BSR EAX, EAX
end;

function CountDigitsO1(value: Cardinal): Cardinal; inline;
const
  Powers: array[0..9] of Cardinal = (
    0, 
    10, 
    100, 
    1000, 
    10000, 
    100000, 
    1000000,
    10000000, 
    100000000, 
    1000000000);
  MaxDigits: array[0..32] of cardinal =
    (1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
     6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10);
begin
  Result := MaxDigits[OpenBit(value)];
  if (value < Powers[Result-1]) then
    Dec(Result);
end;
测试代码:

  sw := TStopWatch.StartNew;
  for i := 1 to 1000000000 do
    j := CountDigitsXXX(i);
  WriteLn(sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,' ',j);
procedure TestXXX(var Distribution: array of Double);
var
  sw: TStopWatch;
  i,j,k,m: Cardinal;
const 
  StartIx: array[0..9] of Cardinal = ( 0,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,
    10000000,100000000,100000000);
  StopIx: array[0..9] of Cardinal = ( 9,99,999,9999,99999,999999,9999999,
    99999999,999999999,$FFFFFFFF);
  Repeats: array[0..9] of Cardinal = (10000000,1000000,100000,10000,1000,100,10,1,1,1);
begin
  for k := 0 to 9 do begin
    sw := TStopWatch.StartNew;
    for m := 1 to Repeats[k] do
     for i := StartIx[k] to StopIx[k] do
      j := CountDigitsXXX(i);
    Distribution[k] := sw.ElapsedMilliseconds*1000000.0/(1.0*Repeats[k]*(StopIx[k]- StartIx[k] + 1)); 
    WriteLn(sw.ElapsedMilliSeconds,' ',j);      
  end;
end;

我投票结束这个问题,因为它只是要求代码。不,我已经添加了我的尝试。我不是在问代码,我是在寻求帮助。你在找什么?您的问题是否已详细说明?如何迎合负面价值观?为什么需要使用asm?你对asm有什么了解吗?您有性能限制吗?它们是什么?您将如何处理函数的输出?您是希望我们编写代码,还是渴望学习?请先用Delphi编写。然后查看反汇编(调试),并查看生成的代码类型。试着理解如何自己编写。asm的问题包括:1。使用内嵌到Pascal中的asm。那很危险。使用纯asm函数。2.在asm中使用变量名。这是脆弱的,因为它隐藏了寄存器的使用。3.推到堆栈上,但不弹出。4.一厢情愿地认为
Length(…)
会神奇地满足您的需求。这表明你的理解和现实之间存在巨大的脱节。5.莫名其妙的MOV声明。基本上,你不知道有足够的基础来获得成功的希望。这听起来可能有点刺耳,但我想帮你。你需要获得这个基础,那是巨大的昂贵,执行那些可以用来进行比较的划分。将asm内联到Pascal函数中是不好的做法。而且,使用Pascal变量名也会带来麻烦。将结果放在eax中,而不是引用一个名称。类似这样的事情:要求汇编的问题。在Pascal中回答会隐藏一些汇编问题,如保留寄存器、处理堆栈帧或调用约定。@rkhb,我的答案包括汇编,但在这种情况下,我建议不要使用这种解决方案,因为在这种情况下很难击败编译器(内联asm是不可能的)。呜呼!我的
案例
赢了这一轮:)@GJ。这对于这个循环测试是正确的,但是谁知道这个函数使用的数据。。。出于好奇,我检查了为值1(从第一行代码返回)不断返回展开的循环需要多长时间。即使在那时,我的机器上的
案例也快了一点(旧i5,app.XE8 32位,64位,版本配置,默认设置)。我还没有检查生成的代码,但是我还希望
案例的速度会慢一些。无论如何,我不会深入探讨这个问题。这个问题不是关于性能的…@SilverWarior,是的,这很简单,但性能不太好(在asm中编写代码很难)。非常好的方法,使用准Ln2和LUT。
procedure TestXXX(var Distribution: array of Double);
var
  sw: TStopWatch;
  i,j,k,m: Cardinal;
const 
  StartIx: array[0..9] of Cardinal = ( 0,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,
    10000000,100000000,100000000);
  StopIx: array[0..9] of Cardinal = ( 9,99,999,9999,99999,999999,9999999,
    99999999,999999999,$FFFFFFFF);
  Repeats: array[0..9] of Cardinal = (10000000,1000000,100000,10000,1000,100,10,1,1,1);
begin
  for k := 0 to 9 do begin
    sw := TStopWatch.StartNew;
    for m := 1 to Repeats[k] do
     for i := StartIx[k] to StopIx[k] do
      j := CountDigitsXXX(i);
    Distribution[k] := sw.ElapsedMilliseconds*1000000.0/(1.0*Repeats[k]*(StopIx[k]- StartIx[k] + 1)); 
    WriteLn(sw.ElapsedMilliSeconds,' ',j);      
  end;
end;