File Unix中基于模式重命名多个文件
目录中有多个文件以前缀File Unix中基于模式重命名多个文件,file,unix,rename,batch-rename,File,Unix,Rename,Batch Rename,目录中有多个文件以前缀fgh开头,例如: fghfilea fghfileb fghfilec file001abc.txt -> abc1.txt ofile0002abcd.txt -> abcd2.txt ls -1 | awk 'match($0, /[a-z|\_]+0*([0-9]+.*)([a-z]+)/, arr) { print arr[0] " " arr[2] arr[1] }'|xargs -l mv 我想将它们全部重命名为前缀jkl。是否有
fgh
开头,例如:
fghfilea
fghfileb
fghfilec
file001abc.txt -> abc1.txt
ofile0002abcd.txt -> abcd2.txt
ls -1 | awk 'match($0, /[a-z|\_]+0*([0-9]+.*)([a-z]+)/, arr) { print arr[0] " " arr[2] arr[1] }'|xargs -l mv
我想将它们全部重命名为前缀
jkl
。是否有一个命令来执行此操作,而不是单独重命名每个文件?有几种方法,但使用重命名可能是最简单的方法
使用一个版本的:
使用的其他版本(与相同):
您应该查看平台的手册页,看看上面哪一项适用。这就是如何将sed
和mv
一起使用来进行重命名:
rename fgh jkl fgh*
for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" $(echo "$f" | sed 's/^fgh/jkl/g'); done
根据下面的注释,如果文件名中有空格,则可能需要在返回要将文件移动到的名称的子函数周围加引号:
for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" "$(echo $f | sed 's/^fgh/jkl/g')"; done
重命名可能不在每个系统中。所以如果你没有,就用外壳
此示例在bashshell中实现
for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" "${f/fgh/xxx}";done
有很多方法可以做到这一点(并非所有这些方法都适用于所有unixy系统):
ls | cut-c4-| xargs-I§mv fgh§jkl§
§可由您认为方便的任何内容替代。您也可以使用find-exec
来实现这一点,但在许多系统上,这一点的行为都有细微的不同,因此我通常避免使用这种方式
- fgh*中f的
;做mv“$f”“${f/fgh/jkl}”;完成
正如他们所说的,粗糙但有效
rename's/^fgh/jkl/'fgh*
非常漂亮,但是重命名在BSD上不存在,BSD是afaik中最常见的unix系统
重命名fgh jkl fgh*
ls | perl-ne'chomp;其次,除非-e$o=$\u0;s/fgh/jkl/;下一个if-e;重命名$o,$"代码>
如果您坚持使用Perl,但系统上没有重命名,那么您可以使用这个怪物
其中一些有点复杂,列表还远未完成,但您可以在这里找到几乎所有unix系统所需的内容。要安装Perl脚本,请执行以下操作:
如Stephan202回答中的评论所述。
基于Debian的发行版具有相同的功能。Redhat/rpm发行版具有相同的功能。
OSX默认情况下没有安装一个(至少在10.8中是这样),Windows/Cygwin也没有 这里有一种使用命令行Groovy的方法:
groovy-e'新文件(“.”).eachFileMatch(~/fgh.*/){it.renameTo(it.name.replaceFirst(“fgh”,“jkl”))}'
使用:
一旦您满意输出看起来正确,请删除--dry run
标志。我建议使用我自己的脚本,这样可以解决此问题。它还可以选择更改文件名的编码,并将组合变音符号转换为预合成字符,这是我从Mac复制文件时经常遇到的问题
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright (c) 2014 André von Kugland
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
$help_msg =
"rename.pl, a script to rename files in batches, using Perl
expressions to transform their names.
Usage:
rename.pl [options] FILE1 [FILE2 ...]
Where options can be:
-v Verbose.
-vv Very verbose.
--apply Really apply modifications.
-e PERLCODE Execute PERLCODE. (e.g. 's/a/b/g')
--from-charset=CS Source charset. (e.g. \"iso-8859-1\")
--to-charset=CS Destination charset. (e.g. \"utf-8\")
--unicode-normalize=NF Unicode normalization form. (e.g. \"KD\")
--basename Modifies only the last element of the path.
";
use Encode;
use Getopt::Long;
use Unicode::Normalize 'normalize';
use File::Basename;
use I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo CODESET);
Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Our variables. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
my $apply = 0;
my $verbose = 0;
my $help = 0;
my $debug = 0;
my $basename = 0;
my $unicode_normalize = "";
my @scripts;
my $from_charset = "";
my $to_charset = "";
my $codeset = "";
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Get cmdline options. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
$result = GetOptions ("apply" => \$apply,
"verbose|v+" => \$verbose,
"execute|e=s" => \@scripts,
"from-charset=s" => \$from_charset,
"to-charset=s" => \$to_charset,
"unicode-normalize=s" => \$unicode_normalize,
"basename" => \$basename,
"help|h|?" => \$help,
"debug" => \$debug);
# If not going to apply, then be verbose.
if (!$apply && $verbose == 0) {
$verbose = 1;
}
if ((($#scripts == -1)
&& (($from_charset eq "") || ($to_charset eq ""))
&& $unicode_normalize eq "")
|| ($#ARGV == -1) || ($help)) {
print $help_msg;
exit(0);
}
if (($to_charset ne "" && $from_charset eq "")
||($from_charset eq "" && $to_charset ne "")
||($to_charset eq "" && $from_charset eq "" && $unicode_normalize ne "")) {
$codeset = langinfo(CODESET);
$to_charset = $codeset if $from_charset ne "" && $to_charset eq "";
$from_charset = $codeset if $from_charset eq "" && $to_charset ne "";
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Composes the filter function using the @scripts array and possibly other options. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
$f = "sub filterfunc() {\n my \$s = shift;\n";
$f .= " my \$d = dirname(\$s);\n my \$s = basename(\$s);\n" if ($basename != 0);
$f .= " for (\$s) {\n";
$f .= " $_;\n" foreach (@scripts); # Get scripts from '-e' opt. #
# Handle charset translation and normalization.
if (($from_charset ne "") && ($to_charset ne "")) {
if ($unicode_normalize eq "") {
$f .= " \$_ = encode(\"$to_charset\", decode(\"$from_charset\", \$_));\n";
} else {
$f .= " \$_ = encode(\"$to_charset\", normalize(\"$unicode_normalize\", decode(\"$from_charset\", \$_)));\n"
}
} elsif (($from_charset ne "") || ($to_charset ne "")) {
die "You can't use `from-charset' nor `to-charset' alone";
} elsif ($unicode_normalize ne "") {
$f .= " \$_ = encode(\"$codeset\", normalize(\"$unicode_normalize\", decode(\"$codeset\", \$_)));\n"
}
$f .= " }\n";
$f .= " \$s = \$d . '/' . \$s;\n" if ($basename != 0);
$f .= " return \$s;\n}\n";
print "Generated function:\n\n$f" if ($debug);
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Evaluates the filter function body, so to define it in our scope. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
eval $f;
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Main loop, which passes names through filters and renames files. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
foreach (@ARGV) {
$old_name = $_;
$new_name = filterfunc($_);
if ($old_name ne $new_name) {
if (!$apply or (rename $old_name, $new_name)) {
print "`$old_name' => `$new_name'\n" if ($verbose);
} else {
print "Cannot rename `$old_name' to `$new_name'.\n";
}
} else {
print "`$old_name' unchanged.\n" if ($verbose > 1);
}
}
使用:
使用通过示例进行处理的工具(windows和Linux bash):
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; mv --all --filter fghfilea jklfilea
# for your fgh example. renames all files from "fgh..." to "jkl..."
files = Dir['fgh*']
files.each do |f|
f2 = f.gsub('fgh', 'jkl')
system("mv #{f} #{f2}")
end
# renames all files in directory from "021roman.rb" to "021_roman.rb"
files = Dir['*rb'].select {|f| f =~ /^[0-9]{3}[a-zA-Z]+/}
files.each do |f|
f1 = f.clone
f2 = f.insert(3, '_')
system("mv #{f1} #{f2}")
end
它首先根据示例计算过滤器,其中输入是文件名和输出(ok和NOOK,任意字符串)。如果filter有选项--auto或在该命令后单独调用,它将创建一个文件夹ok
和一个文件夹notok
,并分别将文件推送到它们
然后使用过滤器,mv
命令是一个半自动移动,通过修改器--auto变为自动。使用前面的过滤器--filter,它会找到从fghfilea
到jklfilea
的映射,然后将其应用于所有过滤文件
其他单线解决方案
其他相同的方法(每行都是等效的),因此您可以选择自己喜欢的方法
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; mv --filter fghfilea jklfilea; mv
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; auto --all --filter fghfilea "mv fghfilea jklfilea"
# Even better, automatically infers the file name
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; auto --all --filter "mv fghfilea jklfilea"
多步解法
要仔细查找命令是否执行良好,可以键入以下内容:
filter fghfilea ok
filter fghfileb ok
filter fghfileb notok
当您确信过滤器良好时,执行第一步:
mv fghfilea jklfilea
如果要测试并使用上一个过滤器,请键入:
mv --test --filter
如果转换不是您想要的(例如,即使使用mv--explain
您也会发现有问题),您可以键入mv--clear
重新开始移动文件,或者添加更多示例mv input1 input2
,其中input1和input2是其他示例
当你自信时,只需打字
mv --filter
瞧!所有重命名都是使用过滤器完成的
免责声明:我是这部为学术目的而创作的作品的合著者。很快也可能会有一个bash生成功能。在Ruby中这样做(在我的Mac上)要容易得多。以下是两个示例:
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; mv --all --filter fghfilea jklfilea
# for your fgh example. renames all files from "fgh..." to "jkl..."
files = Dir['fgh*']
files.each do |f|
f2 = f.gsub('fgh', 'jkl')
system("mv #{f} #{f2}")
end
# renames all files in directory from "021roman.rb" to "021_roman.rb"
files = Dir['*rb'].select {|f| f =~ /^[0-9]{3}[a-zA-Z]+/}
files.each do |f|
f1 = f.clone
f2 = f.insert(3, '_')
system("mv #{f1} #{f2}")
end
使用find
、xargs
和sed
:
find . -name "fgh*" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} sh -c 'mv "{}" "$(dirname "{}")/`echo $(basename "{}") | sed 's/^fgh/jkl/g'`"'
它比以前更复杂,但是它允许递归地重命名文件。比如说结构,
.
├── fghdir
│ ├── fdhfilea
│ └── fghfilea
├── fghfile\ e
├── fghfilea
├── fghfileb
├── fghfilec
└── other
├── fghfile\ e
├── fghfilea
├── fghfileb
└── fghfilec
会变成这样,
.
├── fghdir
│ ├── fdhfilea
│ └── jklfilea
├── jklfile\ e
├── jklfilea
├── jklfileb
├── jklfilec
└── other
├── jklfile\ e
├── jklfilea
├── jklfileb
└── jklfilec
使其与xargs一起工作的关键是。重命名海量文件的我的版本:
for i in *; do
echo "mv $i $i"
done |
sed -e "s#from_pattern#to_pattern#g” > result1.sh
sh result1.sh
在Solaris上,您可以尝试:
for file in `find ./ -name "*TextForRename*"`; do
mv -f "$file" "${file/TextForRename/NewText}"
done
这对我使用regexp有效:
我希望将文件重命名为如下所示:
file0001.txt -> 1.txt
ofile0002.txt -> 2.txt
f_i_l_e0003.txt -> 3.txt
使用[a-z | |]+0*([0-9]+.)regexp,其中([0-9]+.)是要在重命名命令上使用的组子字符串
ls -1 | awk 'match($0, /[a-z|\_]+0*([0-9]+.*)/, arr) { print arr[0] " " arr[1] }'|xargs -l mv
产生:
mv file0001.txt 1.txt
mv ofile0002.txt 2.txt
mv f_i_l_e0003.txt 3.txt
mv file001abc.txt abc1.txt
mv ofile0002abcd.txt abcd2.txt
另一个例子:
fghfilea
fghfileb
fghfilec
file001abc.txt -> abc1.txt
ofile0002abcd.txt -> abcd2.txt
ls -1 | awk 'match($0, /[a-z|\_]+0*([0-9]+.*)([a-z]+)/, arr) { print arr[0] " " arr[2] arr[1] }'|xargs -l mv
产生:
mv file0001.txt 1.txt
mv ofile0002.txt 2.txt
mv f_i_l_e0003.txt 3.txt
mv file001abc.txt abc1.txt
mv ofile0002abcd.txt abcd2.txt
警告,小心。我编写此脚本是为了递归地搜索所有.mkv文件,并将找到的文件重命名为.avi。您可以根据自己的需要进行自定义。我还添加了一些其他功能,例如从文件路径获取文件目录、扩展名和文件名,以备将来需要引用
find . -type f -name "*.mkv" | while read fp; do
fd=$(dirname "${fp}");
fn=$(basename "${fp}");
ext="${fn##*.}";
f="${fn%.*}";
new_fp="${fd}/${f}.avi"
mv -v "$fp" "$new_fp"
done;
在文件列表上运行sed
表达式的通用脚本(与结合):
通过传递脚本ased
表达式,然后传递任何文件列表来调用,就像以下版本一样:
您也可以使用下面的脚本。这是非常容易在终端上运行
//一次重命名多个文件
for file in FILE_NAME*
do
mv -i "${file}" "${file/FILE_NAME/RENAMED_FILE_NAME}"
done
示例:-
for file in hello*
do
mv -i "${file}" "${file/hello/JAISHREE}"
done
另一种可能:
fgh*中f的;do mv--“$f”jkl${f:3}”;完成
此脚本适用于递归重命名,目录/文件名可能包含
for file in FILE_NAME*
do
mv -i "${file}" "${file/FILE_NAME/RENAMED_FILE_NAME}"
done
for file in hello*
do
mv -i "${file}" "${file/hello/JAISHREE}"
done
find . -type f -name "*\;*" | while read fname; do
dirname=`dirname "$fname"`
filename=`basename "$fname"`
newname=`echo "$filename" | sed -e "s/;/ /g"`
mv "${dirname}/$filename" "${dirname}/$newname"
done