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Gcc OpenSSL将未定义的引用链接到“EVP_MD_CTX_new'；及其他

gcc openssl

Gcc OpenSSL将未定义的引用链接到“EVP_MD_CTX_new'；及其他,gcc,openssl,undefined-reference,Gcc,Openssl,Undefined Reference,我正在编译一些基于OpenSSL的代码。编译器、参数和错误如下所示 $ gcc -I/home/share/pkp/include -L/home/share/pkp/lib -lssl -lcrypto -Wall -O3 -Wpedantic -Wno-unused-result -Wno-pointer-sign ot.c -o ot /tmp/cck3sgve.o: In function `main': ot.c:(.text.startup+0x20): undefined refe

我正在编译一些基于OpenSSL的代码。编译器、参数和错误如下所示

$ gcc -I/home/share/pkp/include -L/home/share/pkp/lib -lssl -lcrypto -Wall -O3 -Wpedantic -Wno-unused-result -Wno-pointer-sign ot.c -o ot
/tmp/cck3sgve.o: In function `main':
ot.c:(.text.startup+0x20): undefined reference to     `EVP_get_digestbyname'
ot.c:(.text.startup+0x31): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_new'
ot.c:(.text.startup+0x41): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestInit_ex'
ot.c:(.text.startup+0x53): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestFinal_ex'
ot.c:(.text.startup+0x5b): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_free'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
以下是编译环境中组件的版本

$ uname -a
Linux yzx-lab3 4.4.0-17763-Microsoft #379-Microsoft Wed Mar 06 19:16:00 PST 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ /home/share/pkp/bin/openssl version
./bin/openssl: relocation error: ./bin/openssl: symbol EVP_mdc2 version OPENSSL_1_1_0 not defined in file libcrypto.so.1.1 with link time reference
$ grep "OPENSSL_VERSION" /home/share/pkp/openssl-1.1.1a/include/openssl/opensslv.h
# define OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER  0x1010101fL
# define OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT    "OpenSSL 1.1.1a  20 Nov 2018"
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1) 7.4.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
我知道已经有很多关于类似错误的问题，并尝试了许多解决方案。但它们不起作用

1） 首先，我获取源代码并将所有文件解压缩到“/home/share/pkp”

然后编译并安装openssl库

./config --prefix=/home/share/pkp --openssldir=/home/share/pkp/openssl
    make && make test && make install
安装过程中没有错误消息

2） 为了确保openssl被正确编译和安装，我做了一些验证

$ ls /home/share/pkp/lib/ -l
total 14912
drwxrwxrwx 1 share share    4096 Jun 18 12:30 engines-1.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 share share 5700252 Jun 18 12:30 libcrypto.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 share share      16 Jun 18 12:30 libcrypto.so -> libcrypto.so.1.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 share share 3414744 Jun 18 12:30 libcrypto.so.1.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 share share 1043216 Jun 18 12:30 libssl.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 share share      13 Jun 18 12:30 libssl.so -> libssl.so.1.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 share share  692696 Jun 18 12:30 libssl.so.1.1
$ nm /home/share/pkp/lib/libcrypto.a | grep "EVP_get_digestbyname" | wc -l
24
$ du /home/share/pkp/include/openssl -ah
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/aes.h
36K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/asn1.h
0       /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/asn1_mac.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/asn1err.h
36K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/asn1t.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/async.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/asyncerr.h
36K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/bio.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/bioerr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/blowfish.h
24K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/bn.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/bnerr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/buffer.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/buffererr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/camellia.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/cast.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/cmac.h
20K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/cms.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/cmserr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/comp.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/comperr.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/conf.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/conf_api.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/conferr.h
20K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/crypto.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/cryptoerr.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ct.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/cterr.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/des.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/dh.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/dherr.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/dsa.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/dsaerr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/dtls1.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/e_os2.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ebcdic.h
64K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ec.h
0       /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ecdh.h
0       /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ecdsa.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ecerr.h
36K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/engine.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/engineerr.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/err.h
76K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/evp.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/evperr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/hmac.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/idea.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/kdf.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/kdferr.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/lhash.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/md2.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/md4.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/md5.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/mdc2.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/modes.h
216K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/obj_mac.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/objects.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/objectserr.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ocsp.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ocsperr.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/opensslconf.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/opensslv.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ossl_typ.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pem.h
0       /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pem2.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pemerr.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pkcs12.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pkcs12err.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pkcs7.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/pkcs7err.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rand.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rand_drbg.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/randerr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rc2.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rc4.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rc5.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ripemd.h
24K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rsa.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/rsaerr.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/safestack.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/seed.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/sha.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/srp.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/srtp.h
112K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ssl.h
0       /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ssl2.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ssl3.h
48K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/sslerr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/stack.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/store.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/storeerr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/symhacks.h
72K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/tls1.h
24K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ts.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/tserr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/txt_db.h
16K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/ui.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/uierr.h
4.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/whrlpool.h
44K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/x509.h
32K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/x509_vfy.h
8.0K    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/x509err.h
36K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/x509v3.h
12K     /home/share/pkp/include/openssl/x509v3err.h
1.6M    /home/share/pkp/include/openssl
3） 最后，我尝试了其他编译命令，但仍然不起作用

$ gcc -I/home/share/pkp/include -L/home/share/pkp/lib -lcrypto -lssl -Wall -O3 -Wpedantic -Wno-unuse
d-result -Wno-pointer-sign ot.c -o ot
$ gcc -I/home/share/pkp/include -L/home/share/pkp/lib -lssl -lcrypto -Wall -O3 -Wpedantic -Wno-unuse
d-result -Wno-pointer-sign ot.c -o ot
$ gcc -I/home/share/pkp/include -L/home/share/pkp/lib -lcrypto -lssl -Wall -Wpedantic -Wno-unuse
d-result -Wno-pointer-sign ot.c -o ot
$ gcc -I/home/share/pkp/include -L/home/share/pkp/lib -lcrypto -O3 -Wall -Wpedantic -Wno-unuse
d-result -Wno-pointer-sign ot.c -o ot
4） 似乎下载的源代码中的openssl与“apt get”安装的openssl冲突。所以我尝试另一种方法

./config && make && make test && make install
它将把openssl安装到系统目录中。然后我就跑

$ gcc -lssl -lcrypto ot.c -o ot
/tmp/ccrFwoa7.o: In function `main':
ot.c:(.text+0x2d): undefined reference to `EVP_get_digestbyname'
ot.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_new'
ot.c:(.text+0x82): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestInit_ex'
ot.c:(.text+0x99): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestFinal_ex'
ot.c:(.text+0xa5): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_free'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
它仍然失败了。Envn I按照解决方案尝试静态链接libcrypto和libssl。它又失败了

$ gcc -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -lz -static -static-libgcc ot.c -o ot
/tmp/cc39C5Gq.o: In function `main':
ot.c:(.text+0x2d): undefined reference to `EVP_get_digestbyname'
ot.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_new'
ot.c:(.text+0x82): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestInit_ex'
ot.c:(.text+0x99): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestFinal_ex'
ot.c:(.text+0xa5): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_free'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
我确信所有的静态库都在正确的位置

$ whereis lib{ssl,crypto,z,dl}.a
libssl: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so /usr/local/lib/libssl.a /usr/local/lib/libssl.so
libcrypto: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.so /mnt/c/Windows/System32/libcrypto.dll
libz: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so
libdl: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so
5） 来这里发布这个问题

#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

EVP_MD_CTX *mdctx;
const EVP_MD *md;
unsigned char md_value[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
int md_len, i;

md = EVP_get_digestbyname(argv[1]);
if(!md) {
    printf("Unknown message digest %s\n", argv[1]);
    exit(1);
}

mdctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
EVP_DigestInit_ex(mdctx, md, NULL);
EVP_DigestFinal_ex(mdctx, md_value, &md_len);
EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx);

printf("Digest is: ");
for (i = 0; i < md_len; i++)
    printf("%02x", md_value[i]);
printf("\n");

exit(0);
}

#包括
#包括
int main（int argc，char*argv[]）{
EVP_MD_CTX*mdctx；
工程执行副总裁(总经理)总经理(总经理);；
无符号字符md_值[EVP_MAX_md_SIZE]；
国际海事局；
md=EVP_get_digestbyname（argv[1]）；
如果（！md）{
printf（“未知消息摘要%s\n”，argv[1]）；
出口（1）；
}
mdctx=EVP_MD_CTX_new（）；
EVP_DigestInit_ex（mdctx，md，NULL）；
执行副总裁（mdctx、md值和md长度）；
免费执行副总裁（mdctx）；
printf（“摘要是：”）；
对于（i=0；i
编译代码时应该没有错误。但现在它显示了“对'EVP\u get\u digestbyname'的未定义引用”。

您必须将库放在编译命令的末尾，如下所示：

gcc-I/home/share/pkp/include-L/home/share/pkp/lib-Wall-O3-Wpedantic-Wno未使用的结果-Wno指针符号ot.c-o ot-lcrypto-lssl

您可以在这里了解原因：

我在我的机器中复制了错误，此更改解决了它。

是否尝试将库“-lcrypto-lssl”放在编译命令的末尾？请检查： 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

EVP_MD_CTX *mdctx;
const EVP_MD *md;
unsigned char md_value[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
int md_len, i;

md = EVP_get_digestbyname(argv[1]);
if(!md) {
    printf("Unknown message digest %s\n", argv[1]);
    exit(1);
}

mdctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
EVP_DigestInit_ex(mdctx, md, NULL);
EVP_DigestFinal_ex(mdctx, md_value, &md_len);
EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx);

printf("Digest is: ");
for (i = 0; i < md_len; i++)
    printf("%02x", md_value[i]);
printf("\n");

exit(0);
}