gcc和ld拒绝静态链接库_Gcc_Makefile_Ld_Xorg_Ldd

gcc和ld拒绝静态链接库

gcc makefile

gcc和ld拒绝静态链接库,gcc,makefile,ld,xorg,ldd,Gcc,Makefile,Ld,Xorg,Ldd,为了好玩和学习一般的编译，我给自己的任务是构建一个xorg服务器，除了glibc之外，所有库都是静态链接的。出于某种原因，gcc只是忽略了我的一些静态库当我运行类似这样的程序时，最后两行是相关的： gcc -DHAVE_DIX_CONFIG_H -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-declarations -Wformat=2 -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Wbad-functi

为了好玩和学习一般的编译，我给自己的任务是构建一个xorg服务器，除了glibc之外，所有库都是静态链接的。出于某种原因，gcc只是忽略了我的一些静态库

当我运行类似这样的程序时，最后两行是相关的：

gcc -DHAVE_DIX_CONFIG_H -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-declarations -Wformat=2 -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Wbad-function-cast \
-Wold-style-definition -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wunused -Wuninitialized -Wshadow -Wmissing-noreturn -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wredundant-decls \
-Wlogical-op -Werror=implicit -Werror=nonnull -Werror=init-self -Werror=main -Werror=missing-braces -Werror=sequence-point -Werror=return-type -Werror=trigraphs \
-Werror=array-bounds -Werror=write-strings -Werror=address -Werror=int-to-pointer-cast -Werror=pointer-to-int-cast -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-strict-aliasing \
-D_DEFAULT_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -DHAS_FCHOWN -DHAS_STICKY_DIR_BIT -I/usr/include/libdrm -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 \
-I/usr/include/X11/dri -I../../include -I../../include -I../../Xext -I../../composite -I../../damageext -I../../xfixes -I../../Xi -I../../mi -I../../miext/sync \
-I../../miext/shadow -I../../miext/damage -I../../render -I../../randr -I../../fb -I../../dbe -I../../present -fvisibility=hidden -DHAVE_XORG_CONFIG_H \
-fvisibility=hidden -I/usr/include/libdrm -g -O2 -pthread -o Xorg sdksyms.o \
   /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.a ../../dix/.libs/libmain.a ../../dix/.libs/libdix.a loader/.libs/libloader.a common/.libs/libcommon.a  os-support/.libs/libxorgos.a \
parser/.libs/libxf86config.a dixmods/.libs/libdixmods.a modes/.libs/libxf86modes.a ramdac/.libs/libramdac.a ddc/.libs/libddc.a i2c/.libs/libi2c.a \
../../composite/.libs/libcomposite.a ../../xfixes/.libs/libxfixes.a ../../Xext/.libs/libXext.a ../../dbe/.libs/libdbe.a ../../record/.libs/librecord.a \
../../randr/.libs/librandr.a ../../render/.libs/librender.a ../../damageext/.libs/libdamageext.a ../../present/.libs/libpresent.a \
../../miext/damage/.libs/libdamage.a ../../Xi/.libs/libXi.a ../../xkb/.libs/libxkb.a xkb/.libs/libxorgxkb.a dri/.libs/libdri.a dri2/.libs/libdri2.a \
../../dri3/.libs/libdri3.a ../../glx/.libs/libglxvnd.a ../../miext/sync/.libs/libsync.a ../../mi/.libs/libmi.a ../../os/.libs/libos.a -lcrypto \
../../Xext/.libs/libXvidmode.a \
-Wl,-Bstatic -lpciaccess -ldrm -lpixman-1 -lXau -lxshmfence -lm -lbz2 -lfontenc -ludev \
-Wl,-Bdynamic -lXdmcp -lXfont2 -lrt -ldl -lpthread

它生成具有以下链接的二进制文件：

(sid)root@localhost:/opt/xorg-server-1.20.5/hw/xfree86# ldd Xorg
        libcrypto.so.1.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcrypto.so.1.1 (0xf6a8b000)
        libXdmcp.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xf6a77000)
        libXfont2.so.2 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.so.2 (0xf6a4b000)
        librt.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1 (0xf6a35000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so.2 (0xf6a22000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0 (0xf69fd000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 (0xf6902000)
        /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0xf6ec7000)
        libbsd.so.0 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbsd.so.0 (0xf68df000)
        libz.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.so.1 (0xf68bc000)
        libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbz2.so.1.0 (0xf68a0000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 (0xf6837000)
        libfontenc.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libfontenc.so.1 (0xf6822000)
        libfreetype.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libfreetype.so.6 (0xf67a2000)
        libpng16.so.16 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpng16.so.16 (0xf6770000)

如输出所示，libz是动态链接的。所以我想我应该尝试强制gcc/ld使用静态libz。但什么都不管用。我尝试过将-lz添加到-Bstatic列表中，也尝试过使用-l:libz.a以及文件/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libz.a的完整路径。没有任何效果，最终的二进制文件仍然链接到dymanic.so库。gcc没有给我任何错误，它只是忽略了我静态链接一些库的请求

我做错了什么

另外，当我将两个库lXdmcp-lXfont2从动态列表移动到静态列表时，gcc失败，出现了一些错误，这些库似乎引用了未包含的内容？我如何调试这样的链接问题

/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXdmcp.a(Key.o): in function `XdmcpGenerateKey':
(.text+0x2): undefined reference to `arc4random_buf'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `sfnt_get_ushort':
(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeFreeFace.part.3':
(.text+0x412): undefined reference to `FT_Done_Face'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeFreeFont':
(.text+0x4aa): undefined reference to `FT_Done_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeActivateInstance':
(.text+0x686): undefined reference to `FT_Activate_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x6b4): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeLoadFont':
(.text+0x8f8): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xb6e): undefined reference to `FT_Get_PS_Font_Info'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xc7c): undefined reference to `FT_New_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xcb8): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Char_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xcc6): undefined reference to `FT_Done_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xe70): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FT_Do_SBit_Metrics.isra.6':
(.text+0xf9c): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xfaa): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `ft_get_very_lazy_bbox':
(.text+0x10a4): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10d8): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10e8): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10f2): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10fc): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x116a): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1172): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x117a): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1182): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeRasteriseGlyph':
(.text+0x1530): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1704): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x17d0): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1810): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1c56): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1d0e): undefined reference to `FT_Render_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1dd0): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeLoadXFont':
(.text+0x3042): undefined reference to `FT_New_Face'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3088): undefined reference to `FT_Init_FreeType'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x33f6): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3af0): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3afc): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3b08): undefined reference to `FT_Get_PS_Font_Info'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3e8a): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Postscript_Name'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3f04): undefined reference to `FT_Get_X11_Font_Format'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(fttools.o): in function `FTGetName':
(.text+0x22): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Name_Count'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x40): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Name'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(gunzip.o): in function `BufZipFileClose':
(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `inflateEnd'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(gunzip.o): in function `BufZipFileFill':
(.text+0xcc): undefined reference to `inflate'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(gunzip.o): in function `BufFilePushZIP':
(.text+0x1cc): undefined reference to `inflateInit2_'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(bunzip2.o): in function `BufBzip2FileClose':
(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzDecompressEnd'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(bunzip2.o): in function `BufBzip2FileFill':
(.text+0xce): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzDecompress'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(bunzip2.o): in function `BufFilePushBZIP2':
(.text+0x1c2): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzDecompressInit'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftenc.o): in function `FTPickMapping':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `FontEncFromXLFD'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x68): undefined reference to `FT_Get_BDF_Charset_ID'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xd0): undefined reference to `FT_Get_BDF_Charset_ID'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xe2): undefined reference to `FT_Select_Charmap'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xf4): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10a): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x118): undefined reference to `FT_Has_PS_Glyph_Names'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x18c): undefined reference to `FT_Get_BDF_Charset_ID'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x19c): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x242): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x282): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftenc.o): in function `FTRemap':
(.text+0x2d6): undefined reference to `FontEncName'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x2ea): undefined reference to `FontEncRecode'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x2f6): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Charmap'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x316): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Charmap'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x2e6): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Name_Index'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x304): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Char_Index'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x326): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Char_Index'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

简短回答：如果您选择静态库，假设有.a可用，那么库的顺序很重要-在命令行上很重要

长答覆：如果有两个库A、B与主M代码链接，其中有调用M->A和A->B，则必须按以下顺序指定库：M、A、B。回想一下，当引用静态库时，链接器将尝试查找任何未解析的引用函数、变量、方法等。。。在命名库中，并仅将解析这些引用的“.o”文件从“.a”提取到可执行文件中

如果库被指定为M，B，A，那么链接器将查看库“B”，并且不会识别任何要包括的“.o”，因为只有引用M->A。然后它将从A库中检索“.o”，以满足调用M->A，并报告新发现的调用A->B的错误

使用共享对象时，整个“.so”通过引用链接，并且“.so”中所有全局定义的符号将可用于可执行文件中的任何模块，包括从其他.so链接的模块。因此，指定“.so”的顺序通常无关紧要

它似乎只是忽略了我静态链接一些图书馆

不太可能

我做错了什么

你误解了动态链接的本质。至少这些因素在起作用：

正在链接的共享对象可能对其他动态对象具有自己的依赖关系

根据平台和实现细节，即使某些动态对象本身的依赖关系没有通过命令行上的任何命名来解决，链接也可能成功

您正在链接的静态库很可能不会为任何动态库中的任何内容提供可行的解决方案

程序的整体动态依赖关系（如ldd所示）是所有涉及的共享对象的依赖关系的传递闭包。它们不一定都被包含程序入口点的直接引用，如果共享库实现被替换掉，它们甚至可能随着时间的推移而改变

一句话：很可能至少有一些意外的动态依赖关系来自您正在链接的共享对象，可能是libXdmcp和libXfont2。静态库是链接的，它们将用于解析主程序中的符号以及命令行上它们前面的静态库中的符号，但它们无法满足共享对象对动态符号的引用，无论命令行上出现什么

另外，当我从动态列表到静态列表，gcc失败，出现一些错误就像图书馆引用的东西没有包括在内？怎样我会调试这样的链接问题吗

/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXdmcp.a(Key.o): in function `XdmcpGenerateKey':
(.text+0x2): undefined reference to `arc4random_buf'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `sfnt_get_ushort':
(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeFreeFace.part.3':
(.text+0x412): undefined reference to `FT_Done_Face'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeFreeFont':
(.text+0x4aa): undefined reference to `FT_Done_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeActivateInstance':
(.text+0x686): undefined reference to `FT_Activate_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x6b4): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeLoadFont':
(.text+0x8f8): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xb6e): undefined reference to `FT_Get_PS_Font_Info'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xc7c): undefined reference to `FT_New_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xcb8): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Char_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xcc6): undefined reference to `FT_Done_Size'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xe70): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FT_Do_SBit_Metrics.isra.6':
(.text+0xf9c): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xfaa): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `ft_get_very_lazy_bbox':
(.text+0x10a4): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10d8): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10e8): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10f2): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10fc): undefined reference to `FT_MulFix'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x116a): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1172): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x117a): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1182): undefined reference to `FT_Vector_Transform'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeRasteriseGlyph':
(.text+0x1530): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1704): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x17d0): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1810): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1c56): undefined reference to `FT_Load_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1d0e): undefined reference to `FT_Render_Glyph'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x1dd0): undefined reference to `FT_Outline_Get_BBox'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftfuncs.o): in function `FreeTypeLoadXFont':
(.text+0x3042): undefined reference to `FT_New_Face'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3088): undefined reference to `FT_Init_FreeType'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x33f6): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3af0): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3afc): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3b08): undefined reference to `FT_Get_PS_Font_Info'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3e8a): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Postscript_Name'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x3f04): undefined reference to `FT_Get_X11_Font_Format'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(fttools.o): in function `FTGetName':
(.text+0x22): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Name_Count'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x40): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Name'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(gunzip.o): in function `BufZipFileClose':
(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `inflateEnd'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(gunzip.o): in function `BufZipFileFill':
(.text+0xcc): undefined reference to `inflate'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(gunzip.o): in function `BufFilePushZIP':
(.text+0x1cc): undefined reference to `inflateInit2_'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(bunzip2.o): in function `BufBzip2FileClose':
(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzDecompressEnd'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(bunzip2.o): in function `BufBzip2FileFill':
(.text+0xce): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzDecompress'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(bunzip2.o): in function `BufFilePushBZIP2':
(.text+0x1c2): undefined reference to `BZ2_bzDecompressInit'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftenc.o): in function `FTPickMapping':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `FontEncFromXLFD'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x68): undefined reference to `FT_Get_BDF_Charset_ID'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xd0): undefined reference to `FT_Get_BDF_Charset_ID'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xe2): undefined reference to `FT_Select_Charmap'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0xf4): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x10a): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x118): undefined reference to `FT_Has_PS_Glyph_Names'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x18c): undefined reference to `FT_Get_BDF_Charset_ID'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x19c): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x242): undefined reference to `FontEncFind'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x282): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Sfnt_Table'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/9/../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libXfont2.a(ftenc.o): in function `FTRemap':
(.text+0x2d6): undefined reference to `FontEncName'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x2ea): undefined reference to `FontEncRecode'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x2f6): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Charmap'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x316): undefined reference to `FT_Set_Charmap'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x2e6): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Name_Index'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x304): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Char_Index'
/usr/bin/ld: (.text+0x326): undefined reference to `FT_Get_Char_Index'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

静态库需要在link命令行上正确排序。每个符号都必须位于包含所需符号的静态库之前，因此这些特定的符号可能需要出现在前面。如果有必要，您可以在命令行上重复库，如果您有循环依赖项，这将非常有用；如果您在寻找可行的订单时遇到困难，则可以作为快速解决方法

您可以通过计算with库是否提供链接器抱怨的符号，以及哪个库引用了每个符号来进行调试。这将告诉您必要的命令行顺序。

不确定您的答案是如何实际回答我的问题的：将-lz移到列表的开头与移到列表的末尾没有区别。给出错误的两个库也是如此。我试过所有不同的顺序，但仍然会出现同样的错误。

那么，你的回答的后续问题是，我如何确定图书馆的摆放顺序？即使它不能解决我的libz问题，但如果我放入类似-l:foobar.a的内容，gcc将失败，错误是它找不到foobar.a。但是当我这样做的时候，我没有得到任何错误。但二进制文件仍然动态链接了libz.so。问题有两个项1 libz-它是动态链接的，因为另一个“.so”是用它构建的-它将链接到二进制文件中，而不管是否存在静态libz。2库顺序Xdmcp-lXfont2-向前移动到staticpart，我在postYes中尝试解释了这一点，我设法弄清楚您可以运行ldd Xdmcp.so，并查看它正在加载哪些其他动态库，因此也需要包含在静态列表中。