I'；我对gnu gcc ld语法有问题
好吧，我对gcc和ld还比较陌生，我显然遗漏了一些东西，但我似乎在这里，在“使用ld”或网络上的其他地方找不到具体的答案 我正在使用一个从网上下载的简单源代码文件（我已将其保存为dummy.c）： 工作，然后I'；我对gnu gcc ld语法有问题,gcc,syntax,ld,Gcc,Syntax,Ld,好吧，我对gcc和ld还比较陌生，我显然遗漏了一些东西，但我似乎在这里，在“使用ld”或网络上的其他地方找不到具体的答案 我正在使用一个从网上下载的简单源代码文件（我已将其保存为dummy.c）： 工作，然后 ./a.out ./dummy 同样有效 更具体的是： gcc -o dummy dummy.c 工作，然后 ./a.out ./dummy 同样有效 但随后我删除了a.out和dummy并尝试： gcc -c dummy.c 生成dummy.o 然后我
./a.out
./dummy
gcc -o dummy dummy.c
./a.out
./dummy
gcc -c dummy.c
ld -o dummy dummy.o -lc
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000008049020
-bash: ./dummy: No such file or directory
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; defaulting to 0000000008049020
-bash: ./dummy: No such file or directory
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/lto-wrapper
Target: i686-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 8.3.0-6' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-8 --program-prefix=i686-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-targets=all --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch i386-linux-gnu dummy.c -quiet -dumpbase dummy.c -mtune=generic -march=i686 -auxbase dummy -version -o /tmp/ccbFKhxi.s
GNU C17 (Debian 8.3.0-6) version 8.3.0 (i686-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 8.3.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.20-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/i386-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../../i686-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed
/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C17 (Debian 8.3.0-6) version 8.3.0 (i686-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 8.3.0, GMP version 6.1.2, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.20-GMP
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: c52019c44a1e362eeb6021f108314d7e
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
as -v --32 -o /tmp/ccORYUuk.o /tmp/ccbFKhxi.s
GNU assembler version 2.31.1 (i686-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.31.1
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../i386-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../../lib/:/lib/i386-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/cci9u5um.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_i386 --hash-style=gnu -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -pie /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../i386-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../i386-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8 -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../i386-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../../lib -L/lib/i386-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../.. /tmp/ccORYUuk.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/../../../i386-linux-gnu/crtn.o
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
在研究了ssbssa推荐的参考资料和其他一些参考资料之后，我开始怀疑ld真的不应该像这些参考资料看起来那样复杂。因此，我尝试了一个简单的直接汇编源程序：
# From GASProfessional Book - location 108 ff
# cpuid.s Sample program to extract the processor Vendor ID
.section .data
output:
.ascii "The processor Vendor ID is 'xxxxxxxxxxxx'\n"
.section .text
.globl _start
_start:
movl $0, %eax # Get the CPU's Vendor ID
cpuid
movl $output, %edi # Setup the output string
movl %ebx, 28(%edi)
movl %edx, 32(%edi)
movl %ecx, 36(%edi)
movl $4, %eax # Display the output string
movl $1, %ebx
movl $output, %ecx
movl $42, %edx
int $0x80
movl $1, %eax # Exit 0
movl $0, %ebx
int $0x80
as -o cpuid.o cpuid.s
./cpuid
The processor Vendor ID is 'GenuineIntel'
ldgccgcccc1cc1plusasldgcc-v类似情况也适用于运行汇编程序。让
gcc.S.sxgcc-x汇编程序和cpp module.asmcollect2ld