Glsl 使用着色器实现粘性效果（处理3）

我试图复制一个名为“”的网页设计技巧（请现场观看）。 这是一种将SVG过滤器应用于移动椭圆以获得类似水滴的运动的技术。过程相当简单：

• 应用高斯模糊
• 仅增加alpha通道的对比度

两者的结合会产生水滴效果

最后一步（增加alpha通道对比度）通常通过“颜色矩阵过滤器”完成

颜色矩阵由5列（RGBA+偏移）和4行组成

前四列中的值分别与源红色、绿色、蓝色和alpha值相乘。第五列值是添加的（偏移量）

在CSS中，增加alpha通道对比度非常简单，只需调用SVG过滤器并指定对比度值（此处为18）：

但在处理过程中，它似乎有点复杂。我相信（我可能错了）应用颜色矩阵过滤器的唯一方法是在着色器中创建一个。经过几次尝试后，我提出了这些（非常基本的）用于颜色渲染的顶点和片段着色器：

colorvert.glsl

uniform mat4 transform;
attribute vec4 position;
attribute vec4 color;
varying vec4 vertColor;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, -9); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0);


void main() {
  gl_Position = transform * position; 
  vertColor = (color * colorMatrix) + o  ;
}

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

varying vec4 vertColor;

void main() {
  gl_FragColor = vertColor;
}

/ Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER


uniform sampler2D texture;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, 0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.0, 
                                     0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0); //Alpha contrast set to 60


varying vec2 center;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }
  gl_FragColor = (avgValue / coefficientSum )  * colorMatrix;
}

// Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif


#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }

  gl_FragColor = avgValue / coefficientSum;
}

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform vec4 o = vec4(0, 0, 0, -7.0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 18.0);

void main() {
  vec4 pix = texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st);

  vec4 color = (pix * colorMatrix) + o;
  gl_FragColor = color;
}

colorfrag.glsl

uniform mat4 transform;
attribute vec4 position;
attribute vec4 color;
varying vec4 vertColor;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, -9); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0);


void main() {
  gl_Position = transform * position; 
  vertColor = (color * colorMatrix) + o  ;
}

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

varying vec4 vertColor;

void main() {
  gl_FragColor = vertColor;
}

/ Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER


uniform sampler2D texture;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, 0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.0, 
                                     0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0); //Alpha contrast set to 60


varying vec2 center;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }
  gl_FragColor = (avgValue / coefficientSum )  * colorMatrix;
}

// Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif


#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }

  gl_FragColor = avgValue / coefficientSum;
}

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform vec4 o = vec4(0, 0, 0, -7.0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 18.0);

void main() {
  vec4 pix = texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st);

  vec4 color = (pix * colorMatrix) + o;
  gl_FragColor = color;
}

问题：

颜色矩阵部分工作：更改RGB值确实会影响颜色，但更改alpha值（最后一行）不会

尝试将着色器与高斯过滤器组合时，即使我将alpha通道对比度设置为60（如codepen示例中），绘制的椭圆仍会保持模糊：

当我在@cansik的高斯模糊（来自PostFX库）中实现颜色矩阵时，也会发生同样的事情。我可以看到颜色变化，但无法看到alpha对比度：

blurFrag.glsl

uniform mat4 transform;
attribute vec4 position;
attribute vec4 color;
varying vec4 vertColor;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, -9); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0);


void main() {
  gl_Position = transform * position; 
  vertColor = (color * colorMatrix) + o  ;
}

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

varying vec4 vertColor;

void main() {
  gl_FragColor = vertColor;
}

/ Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER


uniform sampler2D texture;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, 0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.0, 
                                     0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0); //Alpha contrast set to 60


varying vec2 center;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }
  gl_FragColor = (avgValue / coefficientSum )  * colorMatrix;
}

// Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif


#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }

  gl_FragColor = avgValue / coefficientSum;
}

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform vec4 o = vec4(0, 0, 0, -7.0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 18.0);

void main() {
  vec4 pix = texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st);

  vec4 color = (pix * colorMatrix) + o;
  gl_FragColor = color;
}

问题：

• 为什么alpha通道对比度不起作用？我怎样才能让它工作
• 我实现颜色矩阵的方式有问题吗
• 你知道一个更好的方法来实现这种粘性效应吗

任何帮助都将不胜感激

---

谢谢

不幸的是，我无法调试确切的问题，但我有一些想法，希望能帮助您取得一些进展：

要获得更简单/更便宜的效果，您可以使用

您可以找到其他代码并稍微调整代码，以便在处理过程中运行它

例如：

或

在处理过程中：

PShader shader;

void setup(){
  size(900,900,P2D);

  shader = loadShader("metaballs.glsl");
  shader.set("iResolution",(float)width/2,(float)height/2);
}
void draw(){
  shader.set("iTime", millis() * 0.001);
  shader(shader);
  rect(0,0,width,height);
}

PShader shader;
PVector mouse = new PVector();
void setup(){
  size(900,900,P2D);

  shader = loadShader("metaballs.glsl");
  shader.set("iResolution",(float)width/2,(float)height/2);
}
void draw(){
  mouse.set(mouseX,mouseY);
  shader.set("iMouse", mouse);
  shader.set("iTime", millis() * 0.001);
  shader(shader);
  rect(0,0,width,height);
}

---

@来自处理论坛的noahbuddy可以找到问题的解决方案，所以我将其发布在这里

要保留透明度，无论是否使用着色器，请使用屏幕外的 缓冲区（PGraphics）。例如，将PNG图像保存为透明 背景

我从@cansik的模糊着色器中删除了对比度矩阵，取而代之的是 将其放入单独的过滤器中

blurfrag.glsl

uniform mat4 transform;
attribute vec4 position;
attribute vec4 color;
varying vec4 vertColor;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, -9); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0);


void main() {
  gl_Position = transform * position; 
  vertColor = (color * colorMatrix) + o  ;
}

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

varying vec4 vertColor;

void main() {
  gl_FragColor = vertColor;
}

/ Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER


uniform sampler2D texture;

uniform vec4 o=vec4(0, 0, 0, 0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.0, 
                                     0, 0.0, 0.0, 60.0); //Alpha contrast set to 60


varying vec2 center;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }
  gl_FragColor = (avgValue / coefficientSum )  * colorMatrix;
}

// Adapted from:
// <a href="http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://callumhay.blogspot.com/2010/09/gaussian-blur-shader-glsl.html</a>

#ifdef GL_ES
precision mediump float;
precision mediump int;
#endif


#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;

// The inverse of the texture dimensions along X and Y
uniform vec2 texOffset;

varying vec4 vertColor;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform int blurSize;       
uniform int horizontalPass; // 0 or 1 to indicate vertical or horizontal pass
uniform float sigma;        // The sigma value for the gaussian function: higher value means more blur
                            // A good value for 9x9 is around 3 to 5
                            // A good value for 7x7 is around 2.5 to 4
                            // A good value for 5x5 is around 2 to 3.5
                            // ... play around with this based on what you need <span class="Emoticon Emoticon1"><span>:)</span></span>

const float pi = 3.14159265;

void main() {  
  float numBlurPixelsPerSide = float(blurSize / 2); 

  vec2 blurMultiplyVec = 0 < horizontalPass ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);

  // Incremental Gaussian Coefficent Calculation (See GPU Gems 3 pp. 877 - 889)
  vec3 incrementalGaussian;
  incrementalGaussian.x = 1.0 / (sqrt(2.0 * pi) * sigma);
  incrementalGaussian.y = exp(-0.5 / (sigma * sigma));
  incrementalGaussian.z = incrementalGaussian.y * incrementalGaussian.y;

  vec4 avgValue = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  float coefficientSum = 0.0;

  // Take the central sample first...
  avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st) * incrementalGaussian.x;
  coefficientSum += incrementalGaussian.x;
  incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;

  // Go through the remaining 8 vertical samples (4 on each side of the center)
  for (float i = 1.0; i <= numBlurPixelsPerSide; i++) { 
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st - i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    avgValue += texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st + i * texOffset * 
                          blurMultiplyVec) * incrementalGaussian.x;         
    coefficientSum += 2.0 * incrementalGaussian.x;
    incrementalGaussian.xy *= incrementalGaussian.yz;
  }

  gl_FragColor = avgValue / coefficientSum;
}

#define PROCESSING_TEXTURE_SHADER

uniform sampler2D texture;
varying vec4 vertTexCoord;

uniform vec4 o = vec4(0, 0, 0, -7.0); 
uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 18.0);

void main() {
  vec4 pix = texture2D(texture, vertTexCoord.st);

  vec4 color = (pix * colorMatrix) + o;
  gl_FragColor = color;
}

sketch.pde

import ch.bildspur.postfx.builder.*;
import ch.bildspur.postfx.pass.*;
import ch.bildspur.postfx.*;
import processing.opengl.*;
import com.jogamp.opengl.*;

PostFX fx;

void setup() {
    size(200, 200, P2D);
    fx = new PostFX(this); 
}

void draw() {
    background(100);
    GL gl = ((PJOGL)beginPGL()).gl.getGL();
    gl.glEnable(GL.GL_BLEND);
    gl.glBlendFunc(GL.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL.GL_ONE);
    gl.glDisable(GL.GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    noStroke();
    fill(255, 30, 30);
    ellipse(width/2, height/2, 40, 40);
    fx.render().blur(80, 14).compose();
}

PShader contrast, blurry;
PGraphics buf;

void setup() {
  size(200, 200, P2D);
  buf = createGraphics(width, height, P2D);

  contrast = loadShader("colfrag.glsl");
  blurry = loadShader("blurFrag.glsl");

  // Don't forget to set these
  blurry.set("sigma", 4.5);
  blurry.set("blurSize", 9);
}

void draw() {
  background(100);

  buf.beginDraw();
    // Reset transparency
    // Note, the color used here will affect your edges
    // even with zero for alpha
    buf.background(100, 0); // set to match main background

    buf.noStroke();
    buf.fill(255, 30, 30);
    buf.ellipse(width/2, height/2, 40, 40);
    buf.ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 40, 40);

    blurry.set("horizontalPass", 1);
    buf.filter(blurry);
    blurry.set("horizontalPass", 0);
    buf.filter(blurry);
  buf.endDraw();

  shader(contrast);
  image(buf, 0,0, width,height);
}

就我个人而言，我认为最佳点在于：

• alpha对比度介于8和11之间
• alpha偏移在-7和-9之间

  uniform vec4 o = vec4(0, 0, 0, -9.0); 
  uniform lowp mat4 colorMatrix = mat4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                       0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 
                                       0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 
                                       1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 11.0);
  

• 10和15之间表示“西格玛”

• 30和40表示“模糊尺寸”

---

在使用有符号距离函数和marching square算法之前，我已经对2d元球进行了编码，但我发现这个解决方案是最有效的。就性能而言，我可以在800x600画布上以60 fps的速度显示多达4500个球（在入门级2012 imac桌面上使用Python模式进行测试）。

这只解决了最后一个问题，但另一个选项是使用元球。感谢您的建议，我已经编写了元球。我想尝试一种新的（更快的）方法。好的！我以前没有使用过Metaball，但它们在待办事项列表中。这是刚刚添加的，谢谢@solub我不熟悉处理过程，也不熟悉您正在使用的软件包，但是：OpenGL中的Alpha通道仅在启用了

GL_BLEND

时使用，并且仅当

glBlendFunc

使用Alpha通道时使用，并且如果使用了源Alpha，则在创建上下文的像素格式时，您还必须具有Alpha缓冲区。所以我打赌你的模糊没有使用阿尔法。使用不同的着色器可能意味着不同的输入/输出布局和统一，所以您必须将CPU端代码与之匹配，否则着色器将无法正常工作。顺便说一句，也许你们可以用模具把模糊的图像转换成立体的somehow@solub无法在片段着色器中启用混合。你必须设置并启用这一功能，分享这种方法真是太好了。处理论坛上的某个人刚刚帮我调试了这个问题，所以我将发布他的解决方案，并将其作为答案接受，因为它专门解决了这个问题。