Hibernate 如何从JoinTable加载一组字符串？

我使用的是MySQL 5.5、JPA2.0和Hibernate 4.1.0.Final。我的实体中有这个字段

@Entity
@Table(name = "teacher",
    uniqueConstraints = {…}
)
public class TrainingSessionTeacher implements Serializable 
{
    …
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "teacher_subj", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "EACHER_ID") }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "SUBJECT") })
    private Set<String> subjects;

然而，当加载我的应用程序上下文时，我得到了一个异常，“org.hibernate.AnnotationException:Use@OneToMany或@manytomy瞄准一个未映射的类：org.mainco.subco.pd.domain.TrainingSessionTeacher.subjects[java.lang.String]”。是否有一种方法可以映射实体中的一组字符串？我希望我不必为“教师主题”类创建单独的实体

完整堆栈跟踪如下所示：

Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: Use of @OneToMany or @ManyToMany targeting an unmapped class: org.mainco.subco.pd.domain.TrainingSessionTeacher.subjects[java.lang.String]
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder.bindManyToManySecondPass(CollectionBinder.java:1160)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder.bindStarToManySecondPass(CollectionBinder.java:691)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder$1.secondPass(CollectionBinder.java:626)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.CollectionSecondPass.doSecondPass(CollectionSecondPass.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.originalSecondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1587)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1362)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1727)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.<init>(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:88)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildEntityManagerFactory(Ejb3Configuration.java:904)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildEntityManagerFactory(Ejb3Configuration.java:889)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:73)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:287)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:310)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1105)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:915)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:472)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:103)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:264)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:124)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:200)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:103)

原因：org.hibernate.AnnotationException:使用@OneToMany或@ManyToMany针对未映射的类：org.mainco.subco.pd.domain.TrainingSessionTeacher.subjects[java.lang.String]
位于org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder.bindManyToManySecondPass（CollectionBinder.java:1160）
位于org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder.bindStarToManySecondPass（CollectionBinder.java:691）
位于org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder$1.secondPass（CollectionBinder.java:626）
位于org.hibernate.cfg.CollectionSecondPass.doSecondPass（CollectionSecondPass.java:66）
位于org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.originalSecondPassCompile（Configuration.java:1587）
位于org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile（Configuration.java:1362）
位于org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory（Configuration.java:1727）
位于org.hibernate.ejb.EntityManagerFactoryImpl。（EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:88）
位于org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildEntityManagerFactory（Ejb3Configuration.java:904）
位于org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildEntityManagerFactory（Ejb3Configuration.java:889）
位于org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createContainerEntityManager工厂（HibernatePersistence.java:73）
位于org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory（LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:287）
位于org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.AfterPropertieSet（AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:310）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject（AbstractBeanFactory.java:294）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton（DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean（AbstractBeanFactory.java:291）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean（AbstractBeanFactory.java:193）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean（AbstractApplicationContext.java:1105）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization（AbstractApplicationContext.java:915）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh（AbstractApplicationContext.java:472）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext（AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:103）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext（AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext（DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:228）
位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext（TestContext.java:124）
位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext（TestContext.java:148）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies（DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance（DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75）
位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance（TestContextManager.java:321）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288）
位于org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run（ReflectiveCallable.java:15）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231）
位于org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run（ParentRunner.java:193）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule（ParentRunner.java:52）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren（ParentRunner.java:191）
访问org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000（ParentRunner.java:42）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate（ParentRunner.java:184）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate（RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate（RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run（ParentRunner.java:236）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174）
位于org.apache.maven.surefire.junit
Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: Use of @OneToMany or @ManyToMany targeting an unmapped class: org.mainco.subco.pd.domain.TrainingSessionTeacher.subjects[java.lang.String]
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder.bindManyToManySecondPass(CollectionBinder.java:1160)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder.bindStarToManySecondPass(CollectionBinder.java:691)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.CollectionBinder$1.secondPass(CollectionBinder.java:626)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.CollectionSecondPass.doSecondPass(CollectionSecondPass.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.originalSecondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1587)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1362)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1727)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.<init>(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:88)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildEntityManagerFactory(Ejb3Configuration.java:904)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration.buildEntityManagerFactory(Ejb3Configuration.java:889)
    at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:73)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:287)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:310)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1105)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:915)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:472)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:103)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:264)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:124)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:200)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:153)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:103)

@ElementCollection(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
@CollectionTable(name = "teacher_subj", joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name="TEACHER_ID")})
private Set<String> subject;