Java SpringAOP：代表类型声明其他方法或字段

Spring AOP规范中提到：

简介：代表类型声明其他方法或字段。SpringAOP允许您向任何建议的对象引入新接口（以及相应的实现）。例如，您可以使用简介使bean实现IsModified接口，以简化缓存。（介绍在AspectJ社区中称为类型间声明。）

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我不知道如何为建议类添加一个新字段，如果您有经验，可以举个例子吗？

演示Spring AOP引入的代码导致了一个很长的答案。希望这有帮助

考虑以下接口

和两个实现

UserServiceOneImpl

package rg.test.aop.one;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import rg.test.aop.UserService;

@Service
public class UserServiceOneImpl implements UserService {

    @Override
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("One");
    }

}

和UserServiceTwoImpl

package rg.test.aop.two;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import rg.test.aop.UserService;

@Service
public class UserServiceTwoImpl implements UserService {

    @Override
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("Two");
    }

}

以及将与AOP一起引入的接口及其实现

package rg.test.aop.intro;

public interface LoginTracker {
    String FIELD = "Field";

    Integer incrementLoginCount();

}

实施

package rg.test.aop.intro;

public class DefaultLoginTracker implements LoginTracker {

    Integer count = 5;

    @Override
    public Integer incrementLoginCount() {
        return ++count;
    }

}

Spring AOP建议在包

rg.test.AOP.two

package rg.test.aop.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.DeclareParents;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import rg.test.aop.intro.DefaultLoginTracker;
import rg.test.aop.intro.LoginTracker;

@Aspect
@Component
public class IntroTestAspect {

    @DeclareParents(value="rg.test.aop.two.*+", defaultImpl=DefaultLoginTracker.class)
    LoginTracker tracker;
}

要实现的接口由注释字段的类型决定。（此处

LoginTracker

）

任何匹配类型的bean都实现

LoginTracker

接口

现在，当您运行以下测试类时

//package and imports

public class IntroductionTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IntroductionConfig.class);

        LoginTracker tracker = ctx.getBean(LoginTracker.class);
        System.out.println(tracker);
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        UserService userOne = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userServiceOneImpl");
        UserService userTwo = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userServiceTwoImpl");

        printDetails(userOne);
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        printDetails(userTwo);

        ctx.registerShutdownHook();

    }

    private static void printDetails(Object obj) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Is LoginTracker type :"+LoginTracker.class.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass()));
        System.out.println("Is UserService type :"+UserService.class.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass()));

        System.out.println("Implemented Interfaces : ");
        for (Class clazz : obj.getClass().getInterfaces()) {
            System.out.println(clazz);
        }

        System.out.println("Methods : ");
        for (Method method : obj.getClass().getMethods()) {
            System.out.println(method);
        }

        System.out.println("Fields : ");
        for (Field field : obj.getClass().getFields()) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        // If Advised
        if (Advised.class.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass())) {
            LoginTracker us = (LoginTracker) obj;
            System.out.println(us.incrementLoginCount());

        }
    }

}

打印以下日志（注意：此处仅复制日志的相关部分，以便于参考。）

日志显示了为UserServiceTwoImpl bean引入的方法和字段

//package and imports

public class IntroductionTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IntroductionConfig.class);

        LoginTracker tracker = ctx.getBean(LoginTracker.class);
        System.out.println(tracker);
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        UserService userOne = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userServiceOneImpl");
        UserService userTwo = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userServiceTwoImpl");

        printDetails(userOne);
        System.out.println("------------------------");
        printDetails(userTwo);

        ctx.registerShutdownHook();

    }

    private static void printDetails(Object obj) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Is LoginTracker type :"+LoginTracker.class.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass()));
        System.out.println("Is UserService type :"+UserService.class.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass()));

        System.out.println("Implemented Interfaces : ");
        for (Class clazz : obj.getClass().getInterfaces()) {
            System.out.println(clazz);
        }

        System.out.println("Methods : ");
        for (Method method : obj.getClass().getMethods()) {
            System.out.println(method);
        }

        System.out.println("Fields : ");
        for (Field field : obj.getClass().getFields()) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        // If Advised
        if (Advised.class.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass())) {
            LoginTracker us = (LoginTracker) obj;
            System.out.println(us.incrementLoginCount());

        }
    }

}

rg.test.aop.two.UserServiceTwoImpl@c15d8b
------------------------
Is LoginTracker type :false
Is UserService type :true
Implemented Interfaces : 
interface rg.test.aop.UserService
Methods : 
public void rg.test.aop.one.UserServiceOneImpl.sayHello()
Fields : 
------------------------
Is LoginTracker type :true
Is UserService type :true
Implemented Interfaces : 
interface rg.test.aop.UserService
interface rg.test.aop.intro.LoginTracker
interface org.springframework.aop.SpringProxy
interface org.springframework.aop.framework.Advised
interface org.springframework.core.DecoratingProxy
Methods : 
public final java.lang.Integer com.sun.proxy.$Proxy19.incrementLoginCount()
public final void com.sun.proxy.$Proxy19.sayHello()
Fields : 
public static final java.lang.String rg.test.aop.intro.LoginTracker.FIELD
Count :6