Java 使用If或Switch语句更改交通灯

我正试图为我的Java编程入门课程编写一个交通灯模拟程序。当我运行applet时，尽管我还没有单击任何jb按钮，但所有三个指示灯仍然亮起。当我这样做时，小程序确实会瞬间变为空白，就像它正在做什么一样，如果我按下GO，汽车就会移动。我想知道我是否需要在graphics类中重置颜色，或者使用switch语句（我不确定该怎么做），然后像我在其他示例中看到的那样从颜色开始。我的代码中是否有任何不正确的地方妨碍我获得想要的结果？任何帮助都将不胜感激。多谢各位

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

/**
 * Class TrafficLights - At the click of a button, change the traffic lights 
 * 
 * @author Mickey Mouse
 * @version JDK 8
 * @course CSCI 1130-01
 * @date 10-2-15
 */
public class TrafficLights extends JApplet implements ActionListener {
    private JButton WAIT, STOP, GO;

    private boolean clickWAIT = false;
    private boolean clickSTOP = false;
    private boolean clickGO = false;

    private int carX = 200;

    /**
     * Called by the browser or applet viewer to inform this JApplet that it
     * has been loaded into the system. It is always called before the first 
     * time that the start method is called.
     */
    public void init()
    {
        setLayout( new FlowLayout()); // changes the layout from BorderLayout to FlowLayout

        WAIT = new JButton ("WAIT"); //adds WAIT label to button
        WAIT.setForeground(Color.yellow); //changes the label to yellow 

        //adds the WAIT JButton to the screen
        add (WAIT); 
        WAIT.addActionListener(this);


        GO = new JButton ("GO"); //adds GO label to button 
        GO.setForeground(Color.green); //changes the label to green

        //adds the button to the screen
        add (GO);
        GO.addActionListener(this);


        STOP = new JButton ("STOP"); //adds STOP label to button 
        STOP.setForeground(Color.red); //changes the label to red 

        //adds STOP JButton to screen 
        add (STOP);
        STOP.addActionListener(this); 


    }



    /**
     * Called by the browser or applet viewer to inform this JApplet that it 
     * should start its execution. It is called after the init method and 
     * each time the JApplet is revisited in a Web page. 
     */
    public void start()
    {
        // provide any code requred to run each time 
        // web page is visited
    }

    /** 
     * Called by the browser or applet viewer to inform this JApplet that
     * it should stop its execution. It is called when the Web page that
     * contains this JApplet has been replaced by another page, and also
     * just before the JApplet is to be destroyed. 
     */
    public void stop()
    {
        // provide any code that needs to be run when page
        // is replaced by another page or before JApplet is destroyed 
    }

    /**
     * Paint method for applet.
     * 
     * @param  g   the Graphics object for this applet
     */
    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        super.paint(g);

        //declares and retrieves the images from their file locations 
        Image img = getImage(getDocumentBase(), "stoplights.png");
        Image img2 = getImage(getDocumentBase(), "car.jpg");

        g.drawImage( img, 50, 100, 300, 350, 0, 0, 5000, 5000, this ); //draws and resizes the stoplights image 
        g.drawImage( img2, carX, 400, 1000, 1000, 0, 0, 5000, 5000, this); //draws and resizes the car image 

        //draw and fill an oval red for the STOP stoplight when STOP is pressed 
        if (clickSTOP == true);
        {
        g.drawOval(63, 112, 30, 30); 
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.fillOval(63, 112, 30, 30);
        clickSTOP = false;
        }


        //draw and fill an oval yellow for the WAIT stoplight when WAIT is pressed
        if (clickWAIT == true); 
        {
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.drawOval(63, 148, 30, 30);
        g.setColor(Color.orange);
        g.fillOval(63, 148, 30, 30); 
        clickWAIT = false;
        }

        //draw and fill an oval green for the GO stoplight when GO is pressed 
        if (clickGO == true);
        {
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.drawOval(63, 184, 30, 30);
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillOval(63, 184, 30, 30); 
        clickGO = false;
        }



    }


     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
    {
       /*
        * Links the JButtons and the graphic sequences to display the lights
        * 
        */
       if(event.getSource() == GO) //display green if GO is clicked 
       {
           clickGO = true;
           carX -=15; 
           repaint();
           }
           if (event.getSource() == WAIT) //display yellow if WAIT is clicked
           {
               clickWAIT = true;
               repaint();
               }
               if (event.getSource() == STOP) //display red if STOP is clicked
               {
                   clickSTOP = true;
                   repaint();
                   }

    } 


    /**

当我运行applet时，尽管我还没有单击任何jbutton，但所有三个指示灯仍然亮起

这是因为您有一个

if

语句之后执行code>，这基本上是短路逻辑，因此始终会执行它后面的代码，而不管变量的状态如何

if (clickSTOP == true);

因此，您应该使用更像

if (clickSTOP == true)
{
    g.setColor(Color.red);
    g.fillOval(63, 112, 30, 30);
    clickSTOP = false;
}

您还在

paint

方法中修改程序的状态，这通常是不鼓励的，因为

paint

应该这样做，绘制当前状态

更改状态的最佳位置是

ActionListener

与其有三个状态变量（通常描述同一事物），不如有一个状态变量，因此状态只能是

go

或

wait

或

stop

，而不能是这三个变量的组合

同样，您可以使用

ButtonGroup

和

JToggleButton

s或

JRadioButton

s，这将允许按钮携带一定数量的状态信息，因为一次只能选择按钮

查看和了解更多详细信息

当我这样做时，小程序确实会立即变为空白，就像它正在做某事一样

---

这可能是因为您正在从

paint

方法中加载图像，但一般来说，您应该避免像这样覆盖顶级容器的

paint

。

当您更改状态（例如从等待到停止）时，您需要重置其他状态。使用单个状态变量会更简单，例如使用

enum

s谢谢您花时间写出如此详尽的答案。我会试着做适当的调整，看看情况如何。再次感谢您的回复。