Java 使用Android Espresso进行测试时，如何单击操作栏项目？

我正在用安卓浓缩咖啡来测试我的活动。我有多个操作栏项目，其中大部分隐藏在溢出中。我正在尝试运行此测试，但错误显示层次结构中没有视图（与不可见不同）：

错误是：

android.support.test.espresso.NoMatchingViewException: No views in hierarchy found matching: with id: blogr.vpm.fr.blogr:id/action_insert
If the target view is not part of the view hierarchy, you may need to use Espresso.onData to load it from one of the following AdapterViews:android.widget.ListView{5283cfb0 VFED.VC. ........ 2,2-762,973 #7f07000b app:id/allitems}

View Hierarchy:
+>DecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=1184, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}
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+->ActionBarOverlayLayout{id=16909075, res-name=action_bar_overlay_layout, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=1184, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
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+-->FrameLayout{id=16908290, res-name=content, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=1038, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=146.0, child-count=1}
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+--->RelativeLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=1038, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}
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+---->ViewPager{id=2131165186, res-name=pager, visibility=VISIBLE, width=764, height=1034, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=2.0, y=2.0, child-count=3}
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+----->PagerTitleStrip{id=2131165187, res-name=pager_title_strip, visibility=VISIBLE, width=764, height=59, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=763.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
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+------>TextView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=125, height=43, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=8.0, text=Free text, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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(...)
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+-->ActionBarContainer{id=16909076, res-name=action_bar_container, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=50.0, child-count=2}
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+--->ActionBarView{id=16909077, res-name=action_bar, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+---->LinearLayout{id=-1, desc=Hello, Navigate up, visibility=VISIBLE, width=124, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+----->HomeView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=97, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
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+------>ImageView{id=16908890, res-name=up, visibility=VISIBLE, width=32, height=32, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=32.0}
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+------>ImageView{id=16908332, res-name=home, visibility=VISIBLE, width=64, height=64, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=25.0, y=16.0}
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+----->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=27, height=49, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=97.0, y=23.0, child-count=2}
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+------>TextView{id=16908901, res-name=action_bar_title, visibility=VISIBLE, width=11, height=49, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Hello, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+------>TextView{id=16908902, res-name=action_bar_subtitle, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+---->ActionMenuView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=644, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=124.0, y=0.0, child-count=3}
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+----->EditText{id=2131165210, res-name=postTitle, visibility=VISIBLE, width=420, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=true, editor-info=[inputType=0x1 imeOptions=0x8000005 privateImeOptions=null actionLabel=null actionId=0 initialSelStart=0 initialSelEnd=0 initialCapsMode=0x0 hintText=New Post label=null packageName=null fieldId=0 fieldName=null extras=null ], x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Hello, hint=New Post, input-type=1, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+----->ActionMenuItemView{id=2131165222, res-name=action_publish, desc=Publish, visibility=VISIBLE, width=112, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=420.0, y=0.0, text=, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
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+----->OverflowMenuButton{id=-1, desc=More options, visibility=VISIBLE, width=112, height=96, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=532.0, y=0.0}
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+--->ActionBarContextView{id=16909078, res-name=action_context_bar, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=0}
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+-->ActionBarContainer{id=16909079, res-name=split_action_bar, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=0}
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at dalvik.system.VMStack.getThreadStackTrace(Native Method)

那么，我应该如何访问ID为

R.ID.action\u insert

的按钮项

---

我注意到

溢出菜单按钮

。我可以单击它，但随后会得到另一个视图层次结构，它看起来不像是操作项列表。我应该在视图层次结构中挖掘，直到找到我的操作项，还是有更好的指定方式来单击溢出中的操作项？我在Android文档中找不到任何关于操作栏的文档。

Espresso有

OpenActionBarOverFloorOptions菜单（上下文）

方法打开操作栏菜单。您必须将其放在菜单项上的测试操作之前

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu;

@Test
public void testClickInsertItem() {
    openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext());
    onView(withId(R.id.action_insert)).perform(click());
}

---

希望它能帮助人们使用collaspingtoolbar

我有下面的菜单布局

使用Espresso Recorder后，我发现菜单按钮是click with

with contentdescription

函数

我还在xml中使用了

工具栏

和

折叠工具栏布局

，我在测试中所做的只是使用

和contentdescription

打开菜单

menu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
  <item
    android:id="@+id/action_more"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_more_vert_white_24dp"
    android:title="@string/menu_action_more"
    app:showAsAction="always">
    <menu>
      <item
        android:id="@+id/action_login"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_account_circle_black_24dp"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/menu_login" />
      <item
        android:id="@+id/action_settings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_black_24dp"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/menu_settings" />
      <item
        android:id="@+id/action_about"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_info_black_24dp"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/menu_about" />
    </menu>
  </item>
</menu>

---

谢谢，特别感谢你提到的静态导入！如果像某些设备[samsung GT-P5210]一样，该设备在应用程序操作栏中同时具有硬件键和选项菜单，该怎么办？“如果存在硬件菜单键，则溢出图标永远不会显示在操作栏中，只能通过按菜单键进行交互。”从这里开始

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
  <item
    android:id="@+id/action_more"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_more_vert_white_24dp"
    android:title="@string/menu_action_more"
    app:showAsAction="always">
    <menu>
      <item
        android:id="@+id/action_login"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_account_circle_black_24dp"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/menu_login" />
      <item
        android:id="@+id/action_settings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings_black_24dp"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/menu_settings" />
      <item
        android:id="@+id/action_about"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_info_black_24dp"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/menu_about" />
    </menu>
  </item>
</menu>

      @Test
      public void menu_Login() {        
        onView(withContentDescription(R.string.menu_action_more))
            .perform(click());
        onView(withText("Login")).perform(click());
        intended(hasComponent(LoginActivity.class.getName()));
      }