Java 如何通过单击JButton添加JPanel？

我正在尝试创建一个小型GUI，它有2个JButton和2个JPanel，每个按钮上都有一些绘图动画。默认情况下，它必须显示第一个JPanel，通过单击第二个JButton，我希望看到我的第二个JPanel。所以：我创建了JFrame、Panel1和Panel2，在这里我绘制了动画，创建了Button1和Button2，并添加了ActionListeners。我还有一个主面板，它有一个字段变量I。通过更改此“i”，我的构造函数将Panel1（默认）或Panel2（通过单击jbutton2i更改i）添加到主面板。然后我将这个主面板添加到我的框架中。所以我的问题是：在类主面板中，我有refreshMe方法，我应该在那里写些什么来使GUI正常工作？谢谢这是我的密码：

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class GuiTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        MainPanel myPanel = new MainPanel();
        f.add(myPanel);
        Button1 button1 = new Button1();
        Button2 button2 = new Button2();
        myPanel.add(button1);
        myPanel.add(button2);
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.pack();
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MainPanel extends JPanel {
    Panel1 p1 = new Panel1();
    Panel2 p2 = new Panel2();
    public int i = 1;  //this is being changed later by clicking JButton
    // I use this setter later in actionPerformed in order to change i
    public void setI(int i) {
        this.i = i;
    }

    MainPanel() { 
        if (i == 1) {
            this.add(p1);
        }
        if (i == 2) {
            this.add(p2);
        }
    }

    public void refreshMe() {
        // Need some help here:
        // I don't know what should I write, how to make a repaint of myPanel?
        System.out.println("just test, if the method refreshMe working by clicking some button");
    }
}

class Panel1 extends JPanel {

    public Panel1() {
        this.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        // a lot of drawing stuff going on here
    }

    @Override
    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension(200, 200);
    }
}

class Panel2 extends JPanel {

    public Panel2() {
        this.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        // a lot of drawing stuff going on here
    }

    @Override
    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension(200, 200);
    }

}

class Button1 extends JButton {
    MainPanel someObj1 = new MainPanel();

    Button1() {
        setText("Show Annimation A");
        addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                someObj1.setI(1);
                System.out.println("The variable i is now: " + someObj1.i);
                someObj1.refreshMe();

            }
        });
    }

}

class Button2 extends JButton {
    MainPanel someObj2 = new MainPanel();

    Button2() {
        setText("Show Annimation B");
        addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                someObj2.setI(2);
                System.out.println("The variable i is now: " + someObj2.i);
                someObj2.refreshMe();
            }
        });

    }

}

---

我认为您可以使用

CardLayout

来实现您的功能。请参阅

以反映添加/删除或调整组件大小后的更改，该组件位于添加/删除或调整组件大小后容器实例上的可见容器调用

revalidate（）

和

repaint（）

虽然这在您的代码中不起作用，但主要原因是在JButton类中，您重新创建了

MainPanel

的一个新实例，而实际上这两个

JButton

应该共享正在使用的单个实例（您可以将MainPanel实例传递给

JButton

s构造函数，但除非添加自定义功能，否则不应该真正扩展

JButton

）：

关于代码的其他一些建议：

• 不要不必要地扩展

  JButton

  类，只需像使用

  JFrame

  那样创建

  JButton

  的实例，并调用

  JButton

  实例上的方法

• 不要忘记通过

  SwingUtilities.invokeLater（..）

  块在

  事件调度线程上创建/操作Swing组件，详细信息请阅读
  

以下是已修复的代码（以上建议）：

不过，我建议做一些简单的事情，幸运的是您有两个选择：

1） 使用它可以在单个

JFrame

/容器上的多个组件之间切换

下面是我举的一个例子：

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class Test {

    private final static String PANEL1 = "panel 1";
    private final static String PANEL2 = "panel 2";

    public Test() {
        initComponents();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new Test();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initComponents() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
        panel1.add(new JLabel("Panel 1"));

        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
        panel2.add(new JLabel("Panel 2"));

        //Create the panel that contains the "cards".
        final JPanel cards = new JPanel(new CardLayout());
        cards.add(panel1, PANEL1);
        cards.add(panel2, PANEL2);

        //create button to allow chnage to next card
        JButton buttonNext = new JButton(">");
        buttonNext.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
                CardLayout cl = (CardLayout) (cards.getLayout());//get cards
                cl.next(cards);
            }
        });

        //create button to allow chnage to previous card
        JButton buttonPrev = new JButton("<");
        buttonPrev.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
                CardLayout cl = (CardLayout) (cards.getLayout());//get cards
                cl.previous(cards);
            }
        });

        //create panel to hold buttons which will allow switching between cards
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.add(buttonPrev);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonNext);


        frame.add(cards);
        frame.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

导入java.awt.BorderLayout；
导入java.awt.CardLayout；
导入java.awt.event.ActionEvent；
导入java.awt.event.ActionListener；
导入javax.swing.JButton；
导入javax.swing.JFrame；
导入javax.swing.JLabel；
导入javax.swing.JPanel；
导入javax.swing.SwingUtilities；
公开课考试{
专用最终静态字符串PANEL1=“panel 1”；
专用最终静态字符串PANEL2=“panel 2”；
公开考试（）{
初始化组件（）；
}
公共静态void main（字符串[]args）{
SwingUtilities.invokeLater（新的Runnable（）{
@凌驾
公开募捐{
新测试（）；
}
});
}
私有组件（）{
JFrame=新JFrame（）；
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation（JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE）；
JPanel panel1=新的JPanel（）；
第1组。添加（新的JLabel（“第1组”）；
JPanel panel2=新的JPanel（）；
小组2.添加（新的JLabel（“小组2”））；
//创建包含“卡片”的面板。
最终JPanel卡=新JPanel（新卡片布局（））；
卡片。添加（面板1，面板1）；
卡片。添加（面板2，面板2）；
//创建按钮以允许更改到下一张卡
JButton buttonNext=新JButton（“>”）；
buttonNext.addActionListener（新ActionListener（）{
@凌驾
已执行的公共无效行动（行动事件ae）{
CardLayout cl=（CardLayout）（cards.getLayout（））；//获取卡片
cl.next（卡片）；
}
});
//“创建”按钮以允许更改上一张卡
JButton buttonPrev=new JButton（“感谢您更正我的代码和示例，这非常有帮助！是的，CardLayout解决了我的问题。
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JFrame f = new JFrame();

                final MainPanel myPanel = new MainPanel();
                f.add(myPanel);

                JButton button1 = new JButton("Show Animation A");
                JButton button2 = new JButton("Show Animation B");

                button1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        myPanel.setI(1);
                        System.out.println("The variable i is now: " + myPanel.i);
                        myPanel.refreshMe();
                    }
                });
                button2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        myPanel.setI(2);
                        System.out.println("The variable i is now: " + myPanel.i);
                        myPanel.refreshMe();
                    }
                });

                myPanel.add(button1);
                myPanel.add(button2);
                myPanel.checkPanel();

                f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                f.pack();
                f.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MainPanel extends JPanel {

    Panel1 p1 = new Panel1();
    Panel2 p2 = new Panel2();
    public int i = 1;  //this is being changed later by clicking JButton
    // I use this setter later in actionPerformed in order to change i

    public void setI(int i) {
        this.i = i;
    }

    public void refreshMe() {
        checkPanel();

        revalidate();
        repaint();
        // Need some help here:
        // I don't know what should I write, how to make a repaint of myPanel?
        System.out.println("just test, if the method refreshMe working by clicking some button");
    }

    public void checkPanel() {
        if (i == 1) {
            this.add(p1);
            this.remove(p2);//or it will remain there as this is default flowlayout
        } else if (i == 2) {
            this.add(p2);
            this.remove(p1);
        }
    }
}

class Panel1 extends JPanel {

    public Panel1() {
        this.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        // a lot of drawing stuff going on here
    }

    @Override
    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension(200, 200);
    }
}

class Panel2 extends JPanel {

    public Panel2() {
        this.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        // a lot of drawing stuff going on here
    }

    @Override
    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension(200, 200);
    }
}

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class Test {

    private final static String PANEL1 = "panel 1";
    private final static String PANEL2 = "panel 2";

    public Test() {
        initComponents();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new Test();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initComponents() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();
        panel1.add(new JLabel("Panel 1"));

        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
        panel2.add(new JLabel("Panel 2"));

        //Create the panel that contains the "cards".
        final JPanel cards = new JPanel(new CardLayout());
        cards.add(panel1, PANEL1);
        cards.add(panel2, PANEL2);

        //create button to allow chnage to next card
        JButton buttonNext = new JButton(">");
        buttonNext.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
                CardLayout cl = (CardLayout) (cards.getLayout());//get cards
                cl.next(cards);
            }
        });

        //create button to allow chnage to previous card
        JButton buttonPrev = new JButton("<");
        buttonPrev.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
                CardLayout cl = (CardLayout) (cards.getLayout());//get cards
                cl.previous(cards);
            }
        });

        //create panel to hold buttons which will allow switching between cards
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.add(buttonPrev);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonNext);


        frame.add(cards);
        frame.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}