Java Spring数据JPA太慢了

我最近将我的应用程序切换到SpringBoot2。我依靠SpringDataJPA来处理所有事务，我注意到这和我的旧配置之间存在巨大的速度差异。存储大约1000个元素大约需要6秒钟，现在需要25秒。我看到过很多关于批处理数据JPA的帖子，但这些都不起作用

让我向您展示两种配置：

实体（两者通用）：

    @Entity
    @Table(name = "category")
    public class CategoryDB implements Serializable
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7047292240228252349L;

        @Id
        @Column(name = "category_id", length = 24)
        private String category_id;

        @Column(name = "category_name", length = 50)
        private String name;

        @Column(name = "category_plural_name", length = 50)
        private String pluralName;

        @Column(name = "url_icon", length = 200)
        private String url;

        @Column(name = "parent_category", length = 24)
        @JoinColumn(name = "parent_category", referencedColumnName = "category_id")
        private String parentID;

        //Getters & Setters

     }

@Override
    public Set<String> insert(Set<CategoryDB> element)
    {
        Set<String> ids = new HashSet<>();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        for (CategoryDB category : element)
        {
            String id = (String) session.save(category);
            ids.add(id);
        }
        tx.commit();
        return ids;
    }

    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="format_sql">true</property>

    <!-- connection information -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

    <!-- database pooling information -->
    <property name="connection_provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">100</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">300</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>

@Repository
public interface CategoryRepository extends JpaRepository<CategoryDB,String>
{
    @Query("SELECT cat.parentID FROM CategoryDB cat WHERE cat.category_id = :#{#category.category_id}")
    String getParentID(@Param("category") CategoryDB category);
}

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=6000
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.generate_statistics = true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=50
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts=true

24543605 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
136919170 nanoseconds spent preparing 942 JDBC statements;
5457451561 nanoseconds spent executing 941 JDBC statements;
19985781508 nanoseconds spent executing 19 JDBC batches;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C puts;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C hits;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C misses;
20256178886 nanoseconds spent executing 3 flushes (flushing a total of 2823 entities and 0 collections);
0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)

旧存储库（仅显示插入）：

    @Entity
    @Table(name = "category")
    public class CategoryDB implements Serializable
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7047292240228252349L;

        @Id
        @Column(name = "category_id", length = 24)
        private String category_id;

        @Column(name = "category_name", length = 50)
        private String name;

        @Column(name = "category_plural_name", length = 50)
        private String pluralName;

        @Column(name = "url_icon", length = 200)
        private String url;

        @Column(name = "parent_category", length = 24)
        @JoinColumn(name = "parent_category", referencedColumnName = "category_id")
        private String parentID;

        //Getters & Setters

     }

@Override
    public Set<String> insert(Set<CategoryDB> element)
    {
        Set<String> ids = new HashSet<>();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        for (CategoryDB category : element)
        {
            String id = (String) session.save(category);
            ids.add(id);
        }
        tx.commit();
        return ids;
    }

    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="format_sql">true</property>

    <!-- connection information -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

    <!-- database pooling information -->
    <property name="connection_provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">100</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">300</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>

@Repository
public interface CategoryRepository extends JpaRepository<CategoryDB,String>
{
    @Query("SELECT cat.parentID FROM CategoryDB cat WHERE cat.category_id = :#{#category.category_id}")
    String getParentID(@Param("category") CategoryDB category);
}

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=6000
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.generate_statistics = true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=50
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts=true

24543605 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
136919170 nanoseconds spent preparing 942 JDBC statements;
5457451561 nanoseconds spent executing 941 JDBC statements;
19985781508 nanoseconds spent executing 19 JDBC batches;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C puts;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C hits;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C misses;
20256178886 nanoseconds spent executing 3 flushes (flushing a total of 2823 entities and 0 collections);
0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)

新存储库：

    @Entity
    @Table(name = "category")
    public class CategoryDB implements Serializable
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7047292240228252349L;

        @Id
        @Column(name = "category_id", length = 24)
        private String category_id;

        @Column(name = "category_name", length = 50)
        private String name;

        @Column(name = "category_plural_name", length = 50)
        private String pluralName;

        @Column(name = "url_icon", length = 200)
        private String url;

        @Column(name = "parent_category", length = 24)
        @JoinColumn(name = "parent_category", referencedColumnName = "category_id")
        private String parentID;

        //Getters & Setters

     }

@Override
    public Set<String> insert(Set<CategoryDB> element)
    {
        Set<String> ids = new HashSet<>();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        for (CategoryDB category : element)
        {
            String id = (String) session.save(category);
            ids.add(id);
        }
        tx.commit();
        return ids;
    }

    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="format_sql">true</property>

    <!-- connection information -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

    <!-- database pooling information -->
    <property name="connection_provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">100</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">300</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>

@Repository
public interface CategoryRepository extends JpaRepository<CategoryDB,String>
{
    @Query("SELECT cat.parentID FROM CategoryDB cat WHERE cat.category_id = :#{#category.category_id}")
    String getParentID(@Param("category") CategoryDB category);
}

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=6000
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.generate_statistics = true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=50
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts=true

24543605 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
136919170 nanoseconds spent preparing 942 JDBC statements;
5457451561 nanoseconds spent executing 941 JDBC statements;
19985781508 nanoseconds spent executing 19 JDBC batches;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C puts;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C hits;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C misses;
20256178886 nanoseconds spent executing 3 flushes (flushing a total of 2823 entities and 0 collections);
0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)

新统计信息：

    @Entity
    @Table(name = "category")
    public class CategoryDB implements Serializable
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7047292240228252349L;

        @Id
        @Column(name = "category_id", length = 24)
        private String category_id;

        @Column(name = "category_name", length = 50)
        private String name;

        @Column(name = "category_plural_name", length = 50)
        private String pluralName;

        @Column(name = "url_icon", length = 200)
        private String url;

        @Column(name = "parent_category", length = 24)
        @JoinColumn(name = "parent_category", referencedColumnName = "category_id")
        private String parentID;

        //Getters & Setters

     }

@Override
    public Set<String> insert(Set<CategoryDB> element)
    {
        Set<String> ids = new HashSet<>();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        for (CategoryDB category : element)
        {
            String id = (String) session.save(category);
            ids.add(id);
        }
        tx.commit();
        return ids;
    }

    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="format_sql">true</property>

    <!-- connection information -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

    <!-- database pooling information -->
    <property name="connection_provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">100</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">300</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>
    <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>

@Repository
public interface CategoryRepository extends JpaRepository<CategoryDB,String>
{
    @Query("SELECT cat.parentID FROM CategoryDB cat WHERE cat.category_id = :#{#category.category_id}")
    String getParentID(@Param("category") CategoryDB category);
}

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=6000
spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=10

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.generate_statistics = true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=50
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts=true

24543605 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;
0 nanoseconds spent releasing 0 JDBC connections;
136919170 nanoseconds spent preparing 942 JDBC statements;
5457451561 nanoseconds spent executing 941 JDBC statements;
19985781508 nanoseconds spent executing 19 JDBC batches;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C puts;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C hits;
0 nanoseconds spent performing 0 L2C misses;
20256178886 nanoseconds spent executing 3 flushes (flushing a total of 2823 entities and 0 collections);
0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)

---

也许，我代表Spring误解了一些东西。这是一个巨大的性能差异，我在一个死胡同。非常感谢您对这里出现问题的任何提示

让我们合并统计数据，以便比较。 旧行的前缀为

o

，新行的前缀为

n

。 忽略计数为0的行。 纳秒测量值的格式可以使毫秒在

之前

o:    18 949156 nanoseconds spent acquiring 2 JDBC connections;
n:    24 543605 nanoseconds spent acquiring 1 JDBC connections;

o:    33 116643 nanoseconds spent preparing 942 JDBC statements;
n:   136 919170 nanoseconds spent preparing 942 JDBC statements;

o:  3185 229893 nanoseconds spent executing 942 JDBC statements;
n:  5457 451561 nanoseconds spent executing 941 JDBC statements; //loosing ~2sec

o:            0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 JDBC batches;
n: 19985 781508 nanoseconds spent executing 19 JDBC batches; // loosing ~20sec

o:  3374 152568 nanoseconds spent executing 1 flushes (flushing a total of 941 entities and 0 collections);
n: 20256 178886 nanoseconds spent executing 3 flushes (flushing a total of 2823 entities and 0 collections); // loosing ~20sec, processing 3 times the entities

o:         6485 nanoseconds spent executing 1 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)
n:            0 nanoseconds spent executing 0 partial-flushes (flushing a total of 0 entities and 0 collections)

以下似乎是相关的要点：

• 新版本有19批，需要20秒，这在旧版本中根本不存在

• 新版本有3次刷新，而不是1次，总共需要20秒或大约6倍的时间。这可能与批次的额外时间差不多，因为它们肯定是这些冲洗的一部分

虽然批处理应该使事情变得更快，但也有一些报告认为它们会使事情变得更慢，尤其是MySql：

这给我们带来了一些您可以尝试/调查的事情：

• 禁用批处理，以测试您是否确实遇到了某种缓慢的批处理问题
• 使用链接的SO post以加快批处理
• 记录实际执行的SQL语句以找出差异。 由于这将导致需要处理相当长的日志，请尝试仅提取两个文件中的SQL语句，并使用diff工具进行比较
• 记录刷新以了解触发额外刷新的原因
• 使用断点和调试器或额外的日志记录来找出哪些实体正在刷新，以及为什么在第二个变体中有更多的实体

以上所有建议均适用于JPA。 但您的统计数据和问题内容表明，您正在一个或几个表中进行简单的插入。

---

在JDBC上执行此操作，例如使用

JdbcTemplate

可能更有效，至少更容易理解。

我将检查所有内容，然后回来更新。一个问题：如何记录刷新？我再也找不到了，但我很确定我的日志中有刷新事件。我建议启用

TRACE

登录

org.hibernate

，可能是一个小示例，并在其中搜索

flush

，以找到合适的日志层次结构和级别。JDBC URL中的两个参数如何解决了这个问题，真是令人惊讶。现在我有4秒了！但是，仍然有3次刷新发生，跟踪日志记录没有显示任何关于它们的信息。我想调查为什么会发生3次刷新，但目前我不知道如何。回答得很好，我的主要问题解决了！您可以实现自己的刷新侦听器：