Java 为什么启用web安全性时ApplicationContext无法加载？

我有一个Spring启动应用程序，我也想添加Spring安全性。因此，我添加了以下配置，可以正常启动和运行：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Resource
    private Environment environment;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        if(environment.acceptsProfiles("live")) {
            http.requiresChannel().anyRequest().requiresSecure();
        }
        http.csrf().disable();
    }
}

问题是我的功能测试无法加载应用程序上下文。所有功能测试从以下配置扩展：

@ContextConfiguration(loader = SpringApplicationContextLoader.class, classes = MyConfiguration.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@IntegrationTest
class ContextInitializer extends GebReportingSpec {
}

当测试尝试加载应用程序时，它抛出以下堆栈跟踪：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'defaultServletHandlerMapping' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]: Factory method 'defaultServletHandlerMapping' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:599)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1123)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1018)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:510)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:305)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:301)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:196)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:835)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:117)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:689)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:321)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationContextLoader.loadContext(SpringApplicationContextLoader.java:103)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:228)
    at org.spockframework.spring.SpringTestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(SpringTestContextManager.java:49)
    at org.spockframework.spring.SpringInterceptor.interceptSetupMethod(SpringInterceptor.java:42)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.AbstractMethodInterceptor.intercept(AbstractMethodInterceptor.java:28)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:87)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:471)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSetup(BaseSpecRunner.java:375)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSetup(BaseSpecRunner.java:370)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunIteration(BaseSpecRunner.java:323)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$6.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:309)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:88)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.AbstractRuleInterceptor$1.evaluate(AbstractRuleInterceptor.java:37)
    at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate(TestWatcher.java:55)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.TestRuleInterceptor.intercept(TestRuleInterceptor.java:38)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:87)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:471)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runIteration(BaseSpecRunner.java:288)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.initializeAndRunIteration(BaseSpecRunner.java:278)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSimpleFeature(BaseSpecRunner.java:269)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunFeature(BaseSpecRunner.java:263)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$5.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:246)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invokeRaw(BaseSpecRunner.java:480)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:463)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runFeature(BaseSpecRunner.java:238)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runFeatures(BaseSpecRunner.java:188)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunSpec(BaseSpecRunner.java:98)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$1.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:84)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invokeRaw(BaseSpecRunner.java:480)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke(BaseSpecRunner.java:463)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSpec(BaseSpecRunner.java:76)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.run(BaseSpecRunner.java:67)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.Sputnik.run(Sputnik.java:63)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:105)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:56)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:64)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:50)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
    at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
    at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32)
    at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:106)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
    at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
    at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.messaging.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:360)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:54)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.StoppableExecutorImpl$1.run(StoppableExecutorImpl.java:40)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]: Factory method 'defaultServletHandlerMapping' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:189)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:588)
    ... 78 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:115)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer.<init>(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer.java:53)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport.defaultServletHandlerMapping(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.java:426)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$4bbac173.CGLIB$defaultServletHandlerMapping$25(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$4bbac173$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$59db630c.invoke(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:318)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$4bbac173.defaultServletHandlerMapping(<generated>)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162)
    ... 79 common frames omitted

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“defaultServletHandlerMapping”的bean时出错，该名称在类路径资源[org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class]：通过工厂方法实例化bean失败；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.beanstantiationException:未能实例化[org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping]：工厂方法“defaultServletHandlerMapping”引发异常；嵌套异常是java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：配置默认servlet处理需要ServletContext
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.InstanceUsingFactoryMethod（ConstructorResolver.java:599）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.InstanceUsingFactoryMethod（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1123）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1018）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:510）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject（AbstractBeanFactory.java:305）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton（DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean（AbstractBeanFactory.java:301）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean（AbstractBeanFactory.java:196）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.PreInstanceSingleton（DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization（AbstractApplicationContext.java:835）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh（AbstractApplicationContext.java:537）
位于org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh（EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:117）
位于org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh（SpringApplication.java:689）
位于org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run（SpringApplication.java:321）
位于org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationContextLoader.loadContext（SpringApplicationContextLoader.java:103）
位于org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal（DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98）
位于org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext（DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext（DefaultTestContext.java:83）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies（DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance（DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83）
位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance（TestContextManager.java:228）
位于org.spockframework.spring.SpringTestContextManager.prepareTestInstance（SpringTestContextManager.java:49）
位于org.spockframework.spring.SpringInterceptor.interceptSetupMethod（SpringInterceptor.java:42）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.extension.AbstractMethodInterceptor.intercept（AbstractMethodInterceptor.java:28）
在org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.procedure（MethodInvocation.java:87）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke（BaseSpecRunner.java:471）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSetup（BaseSpecRunner.java:375）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSetup（BaseSpecRunner.java:370）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doUnitOperation（BaseSpecRunner.java:323）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$6.invoke（BaseSpecRunner.java:309）
在org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.procedure（MethodInvocation.java:88）上
位于org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.AbstractRuleInterceptor$1.evaluate（AbstractRuleInterceptor.java:37）
位于org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate（TestWatcher.java:55）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.TestRuleInterceptor.intercept（TestRuleInterceptor.java:38）
在org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.procedure（MethodInvocation.java:87）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke（BaseSpecRunner.java:471）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runIteration（BaseSpecRunner.java:288）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.InitializeAndRunnization（BaseSpecRunner.java:278）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.runSimpleFeature（BaseSpecRunner.java:269）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.doRunFeature（BaseSpecRunner.java:263）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner$5.invoke（BaseSpecRunner.java:246）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invokeRaw（BaseSpecRunner.java:480）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpecRunner.invoke（BaseSpecRunner.java:463）
位于org.spockframework.runtime.BaseSpec
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0</version>
</dependency>

testCompile "javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:3.0.1"
testCompile "javax.servlet:jsp-api:2.0"

@Configuration
@Import({
    SecurityConfiguration.class
})
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {
   })
public class ApplicationContext {
}

@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude = { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class,WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class })