Java 使用SpringMVC进行JUnit测试：初始化错误

这是我第一次尝试JUnit测试和SpringMVC。 我为bean创建了一个测试配置类，为controller创建了一个测试类。执行测试时，出现测试失败，显示

初始化错误，未找到类定义错误

。 下面是我的

TestBeanConfig.java

文件

package com.mkyong.controller;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.mkyong.controller")
public class TestBeanConfig {

    @Bean
    MultiplicationService multiplicationservice() {
    return new MultiplicationService();
    }

    @Bean
    NumberDAO numberDao() {
    NumberDAO numberdao =new NumberDAO();
    return numberdao;
    }
}

和MultiplicationServiceTest.java

package com.mkyong.controller;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes={TestBeanConfig.class})
public class MultiplicationServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private MultiplicationService multiplytestobject;

    MockMvc mockMvc ;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    public MultiplicationServiceTest() {

    }

    public MultiplicationService getMultiplytestobject() {
        return multiplytestobject;
    }

    public void setMultiplytestobject(MultiplicationService multiplytestobject) {
        this.multiplytestobject = multiplytestobject;
    }

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHandleMultiply() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(post("/multiply").param("number1","7").param("number2","7"))
    .andExpect((model().attribute("result", "49")))
    .andExpect(redirectedUrl("/multiply.jsp"));
    }

}

错误跟踪：

Tests in error: 
  initializationError(com.mkyong.controller.MultiplicationServiceTest): Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.test.context.web.WebDelegatingSmartContextLoader]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.626s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Jan 28 15:40:26 IST 2018
[INFO] Final Memory: 16M/180M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.9:test (default-test) on project bmfinal: There are test failures.
[ERROR] 

---

谢谢。

将此添加到maven pom.xml依赖项：

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

javax.servlet
javax.servlet-api
3.0.1
假如

这应该提供项目搜索的类

---

如果有帮助，请告诉我。

它已解决初始化错误。然而，出现了其他错误。测试出错：testHandleMultiply（com.mkyong.controller.MultiplicationServiceTest）：未能加载ApplicationContext这将导致不同的场景。你用过applicationContext.xml吗？你是从Mkyong教程开始的，不是吗？哪一个？我没有使用applicationContext.xml。我用mkyong counter webapp项目启动了springmvc。为了进行测试，我参考了其他一些源代码。您使用的是Eclipse还是STS？Eclipse。在编写TestBeanConfig.java之后，我是否需要使用applicationContext.xml进行配置？