Java 如何在JPanel中设置背景图片

你好，我正在使用JPanel作为我的框架容器，然后我真的想在我的面板中使用背景图片，我真的需要帮助这是我的代码到目前为止。这是更新请检查这是我的代码现在

 import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;


public class imagebut extends JFrame
{

public static void main(String args [])
{
    imagebut w = new imagebut();
    w.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    w.setSize(300,300);
    w.setVisible(true);

}
public imagebut()
{   

    setLayout(null); // :-)
    PicPanel mainPanel = new PicPanel("picturename.jpg");
    mainPanel.setBounds(0,0,500,500);
    add(mainPanel);


}

class PicPanel extends JPanel{

    private BufferedImage image;
    private int w,h;
    public PicPanel(String fname){

        //reads the image
        try {
            image = ImageIO.read(new File(fname));
            w = image.getWidth();
            h = image.getHeight();

        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            System.out.println("Could not read in the pic");
            //System.exit(0);
        }

    }

    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        return new Dimension(w,h);
    }
    //this will draw the image
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
        super.paintComponent(g);
        g.drawImage(image,0,0,this);
    }
}

}

---

有许多方法可以实现这一点

你可以。。。 免责声明 Cavet，为此使用

JLabel

可能会导致内容物溢出容器，有关详细信息，请参见下文

创建一个

JLabel

，将图像应用于其

图标

属性，并将其设置为框架内容窗格。然后需要适当地设置布局管理器，因为

JLabel

没有默认的布局管理器

JFrame frame = ...;
JLabel background = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(ImageIO.read(...)));
frame.setContentPane(background);
frame.setLayout(...);
frame.add(...);

使用完整示例更新

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class LabelBackground {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new LabelBackground();
    }

    public LabelBackground() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                try {
                    // Load the background image
                    BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File("/path/to/your/image/on/disk"));

                    // Create the frame...
                    JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                    // Set the frames content pane to use a JLabel
                    // whose icon property has been set to use the image
                    // we just loaded                        
                    frame.setContentPane(new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img)));

                    // Supply a layout manager for the body of the content
                    frame.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
                    GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
                    gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
                    // Add stuff...
                    frame.add(new JLabel("Hello world"), gbc);
                    frame.add(new JLabel("I'm on top"), gbc);
                    frame.add(new JButton("Clickity-clackity"), gbc);

                    frame.pack();
                    frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (IOException exp) {
                    exp.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

问题是调整帧大小时，

JLabel

不会调整图像大小

警告-如果子组件所需空间超过背景图像的大小，则使用

JLabel

可能会导致问题，因为

JLabel

不会根据其内容计算首选大小，而是根据其

图标

和

文本

属性计算首选大小

你可以。。。 创建一个自定义组件，从

JPanel

扩展，并覆盖它的

paintComponent

方法，根据需要绘制背景

请查看以了解更多详细信息

这使您能够在图像的可用空间发生变化时，决定如何最佳地缩放图像。虽然有很多方法可以实现这一点，但你应该通读一遍，了解它们的优缺点

这就提出了一系列新的问题，你想扩展它们并保持纵横比吗？如果是这样的话，您希望将图像适配到可用区域还是填充它（这样它将始终覆盖可用空间）

请查看以了解更多详细信息

其他注意事项

图像通常最好通过

ImageIO

API加载，因为它能够加载范围广泛的图像，但在出现问题时也会抛出

IOException

有关更多详细信息，请参阅

图像的位置也很重要。如果映像位于应用程序外部（文件系统上的某个位置），则可以使用

ImageIO.read（新文件（“/path/to/image”）

。但是，如果图像嵌入到应用程序中（例如存储在Jar中），则需要使用类似于

ImageIO.read（getClass（）.getResource（“/path/to/image”）

的东西来代替

例如

示例

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class LabelBackground {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new LabelBackground();
    }

    public LabelBackground() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                try {
                    // Load the background image
                    BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File("/path/to/your/image/on/disk"));

                    // Create the frame...
                    JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                    // Set the frames content pane to use a JLabel
                    // whose icon property has been set to use the image
                    // we just loaded                        
                    frame.setContentPane(new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img)));

                    // Supply a layout manager for the body of the content
                    frame.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
                    GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
                    gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
                    // Add stuff...
                    frame.add(new JLabel("Hello world"), gbc);
                    frame.add(new JLabel("I'm on top"), gbc);
                    frame.add(new JButton("Clickity-clackity"), gbc);

                    frame.pack();
                    frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (IOException exp) {
                    exp.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

此示例演示如何使用作为后台组件的自定义组件。当组件大小超过背景图像的大小时，图像将放大以填充可用内容区域

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.HeadlessException;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Transparency;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class SimpleBackground {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SimpleBackground();
    }

    public SimpleBackground() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                try {
                    BackgroundPane background = new BackgroundPane();
                    background.setBackground(ImageIO.read(new File("/path/to/your/image/on/your/disk")));

                    JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                    frame.setContentPane(background);
                    frame.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
                    GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
                    gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
                    frame.add(new JLabel("Hello world"), gbc);
                    frame.add(new JLabel("I'm on top"), gbc);
                    frame.add(new JButton("Clickity-clackity"), gbc);
                    frame.pack();
                    frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (IOException exp) {
                    exp.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public class BackgroundPane extends JPanel {

        private BufferedImage img;
        private BufferedImage scaled;

        public BackgroundPane() {
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return img == null ? super.getPreferredSize() : new Dimension(img.getWidth(), img.getHeight());
        }

        public void setBackground(BufferedImage value) {
            if (value != img) {
                this.img = value;
                repaint();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void invalidate() {
            super.invalidate();
            if (getWidth() > img.getWidth() || getHeight() > img.getHeight()) {
                scaled = getScaledInstanceToFill(img, getSize());
            } else {
                scaled = img;
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            if (scaled != null) {
                int x = (getWidth() - scaled.getWidth()) / 2;
                int y = (getHeight() - scaled.getHeight()) / 2;
                g.drawImage(scaled, x, y, this);
            }
        }

    }

    public static BufferedImage getScaledInstanceToFill(BufferedImage img, Dimension size) {

        double scaleFactor = getScaleFactorToFill(img, size);

        return getScaledInstance(img, scaleFactor);

    }

    public static double getScaleFactorToFill(BufferedImage img, Dimension size) {

        double dScale = 1;

        if (img != null) {

            int imageWidth = img.getWidth();
            int imageHeight = img.getHeight();

            double dScaleWidth = getScaleFactor(imageWidth, size.width);
            double dScaleHeight = getScaleFactor(imageHeight, size.height);

            dScale = Math.max(dScaleHeight, dScaleWidth);

        }

        return dScale;

    }

    public static double getScaleFactor(int iMasterSize, int iTargetSize) {

        double dScale = (double) iTargetSize / (double) iMasterSize;

        return dScale;

    }

    public static BufferedImage getScaledInstance(BufferedImage img, double dScaleFactor) {

        return getScaledInstance(img, dScaleFactor, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR, true);

    }

    protected static BufferedImage getScaledInstance(BufferedImage img, double dScaleFactor, Object hint, boolean bHighQuality) {

        BufferedImage imgScale = img;

        int iImageWidth = (int) Math.round(img.getWidth() * dScaleFactor);
        int iImageHeight = (int) Math.round(img.getHeight() * dScaleFactor);

//        System.out.println("Scale Size = " + iImageWidth + "x" + iImageHeight);
        if (dScaleFactor <= 1.0d) {

            imgScale = getScaledDownInstance(img, iImageWidth, iImageHeight, hint, bHighQuality);

        } else {

            imgScale = getScaledUpInstance(img, iImageWidth, iImageHeight, hint, bHighQuality);

        }

        return imgScale;

    }

    protected static BufferedImage getScaledDownInstance(BufferedImage img,
            int targetWidth,
            int targetHeight,
            Object hint,
            boolean higherQuality) {

        int type = (img.getTransparency() == Transparency.OPAQUE)
                ? BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB : BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB;

        BufferedImage ret = (BufferedImage) img;
        if (targetHeight > 0 || targetWidth > 0) {
            int w, h;
            if (higherQuality) {
                // Use multi-step technique: start with original size, then
                // scale down in multiple passes with drawImage()
                // until the target size is reached
                w = img.getWidth();
                h = img.getHeight();
            } else {
                // Use one-step technique: scale directly from original
                // size to target size with a single drawImage() call
                w = targetWidth;
                h = targetHeight;
            }

            do {
                if (higherQuality && w > targetWidth) {
                    w /= 2;
                    if (w < targetWidth) {
                        w = targetWidth;
                    }
                }

                if (higherQuality && h > targetHeight) {
                    h /= 2;
                    if (h < targetHeight) {
                        h = targetHeight;
                    }
                }

                BufferedImage tmp = new BufferedImage(Math.max(w, 1), Math.max(h, 1), type);
                Graphics2D g2 = tmp.createGraphics();
                g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, hint);
                g2.drawImage(ret, 0, 0, w, h, null);
                g2.dispose();

                ret = tmp;
            } while (w != targetWidth || h != targetHeight);
        } else {
            ret = new BufferedImage(1, 1, type);
        }
        return ret;
    }

    protected static BufferedImage getScaledUpInstance(BufferedImage img,
            int targetWidth,
            int targetHeight,
            Object hint,
            boolean higherQuality) {

        int type = BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB;

        BufferedImage ret = (BufferedImage) img;
        int w, h;
        if (higherQuality) {
            // Use multi-step technique: start with original size, then
            // scale down in multiple passes with drawImage()
            // until the target size is reached
            w = img.getWidth();
            h = img.getHeight();
        } else {
            // Use one-step technique: scale directly from original
            // size to target size with a single drawImage() call
            w = targetWidth;
            h = targetHeight;
        }

        do {
            if (higherQuality && w < targetWidth) {
                w *= 2;
                if (w > targetWidth) {
                    w = targetWidth;
                }
            }

            if (higherQuality && h < targetHeight) {
                h *= 2;
                if (h > targetHeight) {
                    h = targetHeight;
                }
            }

            BufferedImage tmp = new BufferedImage(w, h, type);
            Graphics2D g2 = tmp.createGraphics();
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, hint);
            g2.drawImage(ret, 0, 0, w, h, null);
            g2.dispose();

            ret = tmp;
            tmp = null;

        } while (w != targetWidth || h != targetHeight);
        return ret;
    }

}

导入java.awt.Dimension；
导入java.awt.EventQueue；
导入java.awt.Graphics；
导入java.awt.Graphics2D；
导入java.awt.GridBagConstraints；
导入java.awt.GridBagLayout；
导入java.awt.HeadlessException；
导入java.awt.RenderingHints；
导入java.awt.Transparency；
导入java.awt.image.buffereImage；
导入java.io.File；
导入java.io.IOException；
导入javax.imageio.imageio；
导入javax.swing.JButton；
导入javax.swing.JFrame；
导入javax.swing.JLabel；
导入javax.swing.JPanel；
导入javax.swing.UIManager；
导入javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException；
公共类SimpleBackground{
公共静态void main（字符串[]args）{
新的SimpleBackground（）；
}
公共SimpleBackground（）{
invokeLater（新的Runnable（）{
@凌驾
公开募捐{
试一试{
UIManager.setLookAndFeel（UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName（））；
}catch（ClassNotFoundException |实例化Exception | IllegalacessException |不支持ookandfeelException ex）{
}
试一试{
BackgroundPane background=新的BackgroundPane（）；
background.setBackground（ImageIO.read（新文件（“/path/to/your/image/on/your/disk”））；
JFrame=新JFrame（“测试”）；
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation（JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE）；
frame.setContentPane（背景）；
frame.setLayout（新的GridBagLayout（））；
GridBagConstraints gbc=新的GridBagConstraints（）；
gbc.gridwidth=GridBagConstraints.rements；
frame.add（新的JLabel（“Hello world”），gbc）；
frame.add（新的JLabel（“我在上面”）、gbc；
frame.add（新的JButton（“Clickity clackity”），gbc；
frame.pack（）；
frame.setLocationRelativeTo（空）；
frame.setVisible（true）；
}捕获（IOEXP异常）{
exp.printStackTrace（）；
}
}
});
}
公共类背景窗格扩展了JPanel{
专用缓冲图像img；
私有缓冲区图像缩放；
公共背景窗格（）{
}
@凌驾
公共维度getPreferredSize（）{
返回img==null？super.getPreferredSize（）：新维度（img.getWidth（），img.getHeight（））；
}
公共无效设置背景（BuffereImage值）{
如果（值！=img）{
this.img=值；
重新油漆（）；
}
}
@凌驾
公共无效{
super.invalidate（）；
如果（getWidth（）>img.getWidth（）| | getHeight（）>img.getHeight（））{
scaled=getScaledInstanceToFill（img，getSize（））；
}否则{
标度=img；
}
}
@凌驾
保护性空洞痛
JPanel ping = new JPanel(){

@Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);

//draw hare what ever you want and it will be in the back of your components
   }
};