构建我的JavaSwing应用程序。即何时何地使用类，而不是

我继续向Java Swing按钮和字段等添加操作侦听器。我想知道何时何地应该将代码划分为类和不同的方法。不幸的是，现在我的代码感觉像是一个很长的脚本，就像我习惯用Python而不是像Java这样的OOP语言创建的一样

如何更恰当地将代码划分为类和方法

以下是相关代码：

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package business;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import static java.awt.Component.RIGHT_ALIGNMENT;

import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTree;


/**
 *
 * @author bob
 */
public class NewClass {


    //Initialize GUI elements
    JFrame myFrame = new JFrame();



    JTree jtree1 = new JTree();
    JTree jtree2 = new JTree();

    JLabel label1 = new JLabel("Welcome to the person tester application");
    JLabel label2 = new JLabel("Test2");
    JLabel spacer1 = new JLabel("");
    JLabel spacer2 = new JLabel("");
    //buttons

    JRadioButton radioCustomer = new JRadioButton("Customer");
    JRadioButton radioEmployee = new JRadioButton("Employee");
    ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
    JButton okButton = new JButton();
    JButton button2 = new JButton("Create");
    JButton button3 = new JButton("EXIT");


    JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(jtree1);
    JScrollPane sp2 = new JScrollPane(jtree2);

    //Panels
    JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
    JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
    JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
    JPanel panel4 = new JPanel();

    JPanel createPanel = new JPanel();


    //Constructor
    public NewClass(){

    }


    //The createGUI method is inside the class so we can reference the GUI objects created above
    public void createGUI(){

    //Buttons

    button2.setToolTipText("Create");
    button3.setToolTipText("Exit");
    button3.setForeground(Color.red);
    button3.setAlignmentX(RIGHT_ALIGNMENT);
    group.add(radioEmployee);
    group.add(radioCustomer);


    //Adding actionListeners
    GUIListener myListener = new GUIListener();
    okButton.addActionListener(myListener);
    button2.addActionListener(myListener);
    button3.addActionListener(myListener);




    //adding to and customizing the panels


    createPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(createPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
        createPanel.add(radioEmployee);
    createPanel.add(radioCustomer);
    createPanel.add(button2);


    panel2.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel2, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
    panel2.add(label1);
    panel2.add(createPanel);



    panel3.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, sp);
    panel3.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, sp2);


    panel4.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel4, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
    panel4.add(spacer1);
    panel4.add(button3);





    //adding panels to main panel
    mainPanel.add(panel2);
    mainPanel.add(panel3);
    mainPanel.add(panel4);

    //adding panels we created to the frame


    myFrame.add(mainPanel);



    //setting some parameters to customize the frame

    myFrame.setSize(600, 400);
    myFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

    myFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    myFrame.setVisible(true);
}



        public class GUIListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

            if (e.getSource() == okButton){
                label1.setText("okButton was pushed!");

            }
            else if (e.getSource() == button2){

            }


            else if (e.getSource() == button3){


               System.out.println("button3 was pusshed");

            }
        }
    }

    //main method that makes the program run
   public static void main(String[] args) {

       //instantiate an object of the NewClass class
       NewClass GUI = new NewClass();

       //Use the method to create and display the GUI
       GUI.createGUI();
   }

}

---

这本身并不是一件容易的事情，要认识到什么时候应该从经验中获得很多东西哦，我记得上次我这么做的时候，管理和维护Python是一种OOP语言是很可怕的。就编码风格而言，这将是一个更好的地方。一篇很好的文章，总的来说，大概可以在八个短段落中找到。整本书都是关于最佳实践和如何分解软件的。程序员没有提到的一件事是测试。提前了解测试需求并设计代码以便于测试通常是很好的。这导致了上面M.P.所描述的崩溃类型，但记住为什么要以这种方式分解代码是很重要的，这通常是为了使部分代码更易于测试。