Java Spring:在主方法中获取Bean失败

我对Java和Spring框架都比较陌生。这是我正在构建的第一个Spring应用程序，我遇到了自动连接Bean的问题

My Application.java：

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    SpringApplicationBuilder builder = new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class);
    builder.headless(false);
    ConfigurableApplicationContext ctx = builder.run(args);
    AppRepository oAppRepo = ctx.getBean(AppRepository.class);
    // Check the SystemTray is supported
    if (!SystemTray.isSupported()) {
        System.out.println("SystemTray is not supported");
        return;
    }
    CustomTray oTray = ctx.getBean(CustomTray.class);
    }
}

ressource文件夹中的My config.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    ">

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/application.properties"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="app"/>
<import resource="beans/*.xml" />
</beans>

所以我不明白为什么没有合格的Bean，因为我在tray.xml中注册了这个Bean。CustomTray类派生自TrayIcon类，创建TrayIcon除了完成之外没有什么特别的， 我的定制托盘：

public class CustomTray extends TrayIcon {

private static final String IMAGE_PATH = "/images/icon.png";
private static final String TOOLTIP = "Test";

private PopupMenu popup;
private SystemTray tray;
@Autowired private AppRepository oAppRepo;

public CustomTray() {
    super(createImage(IMAGE_PATH, TOOLTIP), TOOLTIP);
    popup = new PopupMenu();
    tray = SystemTray.getSystemTray();
    try {
        this.setup();
    } catch (AWTException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

@PostConstruct
private void setup() throws AWTException {

}

protected static Image createImage(String path, String description) {
    URL imageURL = CustomTray.class.getResource(path);
    if (imageURL == null) {
        System.err.println("Failed Creating Image. Resource not found: " + path);
        return null;
    } else {
        return new ImageIcon(imageURL, description).getImage();
    }
    }
}

我以前运行过这个应用程序，没有使用自动连线和bean，但现在我想重构并安装一个干净的Spring应用程序，我希望有人知道我做错了什么

编辑： 好的，现在如果我导入带有UUID提到的注释的xml文件，我会收到另一条错误消息。bean customTray有两个属性，SchedulerThread属性也应该是单例bean。它是在beans/scheduler.xml中声明的，它本身也有一个属性，应该是bean。就像这样：

scheduler.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="schedulerThread" class="app.SchedulerThread">
        <property name="processManager" value="app.ProcessManager"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

---

连接这些类并创建bean的最佳方法是什么？正如我所说，我是Spring的新手，我想我不了解它与Bean和自动连接的工作方式。

在SpringBoot应用程序中，您需要使用

ImportResource

注释指定资源

@ImportResource(locations = { "classpath:config.xml", "beans/tray.xml" })

您可以使用

Arrays.stream(ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames()).forEach(System.out::println);

---

对我来说，解决方案是删除XML配置文件并创建AppConfig文件，现在我的Application.java如下所示：

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Application {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplicationBuilder builder = new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class);
            builder.headless(false);
            builder.run(args);
        }
    }

    @Configuration
    public class AppConfig {
        @Autowired
        GridFsTemplate gridFSTemplate;

        @Autowired
        AppRepository appRepository;

        @Autowired
        UserRepository userRepository;

        @Bean
        ProcessManager processManager() {
            return new ProcessManager();
        }

        @Bean
        SchedulerService schedulerService() {
            SchedulerService schedulerService = new SchedulerService();
            SchedulerService.setProcessManager(processManager());
            SchedulerService.start();
            return schedulerService;
        }

        @Bean
        CustomTray customTray() {
            if (!SystemTray.isSupported()) {
                System.out.println("SystemTray is not supported");
                return null;
            }
            CustomTray customTray = new CustomTray();
            customTray.setSchedulerService(schedulerService());
            customTray.setAppRepository(this.appRepository);
            try {
                customTray.setup();
            } catch (AWTException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return customTray;
        }

        @Bean
        GridFSController gridFSController() {
            GridFSController gridFSController = new GridFSController();
            return gridFSController;
        }
    }

AppConfig如下所示：

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class Application {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplicationBuilder builder = new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class);
            builder.headless(false);
            builder.run(args);
        }
    }

    @Configuration
    public class AppConfig {
        @Autowired
        GridFsTemplate gridFSTemplate;

        @Autowired
        AppRepository appRepository;

        @Autowired
        UserRepository userRepository;

        @Bean
        ProcessManager processManager() {
            return new ProcessManager();
        }

        @Bean
        SchedulerService schedulerService() {
            SchedulerService schedulerService = new SchedulerService();
            SchedulerService.setProcessManager(processManager());
            SchedulerService.start();
            return schedulerService;
        }

        @Bean
        CustomTray customTray() {
            if (!SystemTray.isSupported()) {
                System.out.println("SystemTray is not supported");
                return null;
            }
            CustomTray customTray = new CustomTray();
            customTray.setSchedulerService(schedulerService());
            customTray.setAppRepository(this.appRepository);
            try {
                customTray.setup();
            } catch (AWTException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return customTray;
        }

        @Bean
        GridFSController gridFSController() {
            GridFSController gridFSController = new GridFSController();
            return gridFSController;
        }
    }

现在，我可以使用自动连线注释访问所有这些bean，而不需要context.getBean（）之类的东西。它大大减少了代码，我认为这是更干净的解决方案

    @Configuration
    public class AppConfig {
        @Autowired
        GridFsTemplate gridFSTemplate;

        @Autowired
        AppRepository appRepository;

        @Autowired
        UserRepository userRepository;

        @Bean
        ProcessManager processManager() {
            return new ProcessManager();
        }

        @Bean
        SchedulerService schedulerService() {
            SchedulerService schedulerService = new SchedulerService();
            SchedulerService.setProcessManager(processManager());
            SchedulerService.start();
            return schedulerService;
        }

        @Bean
        CustomTray customTray() {
            if (!SystemTray.isSupported()) {
                System.out.println("SystemTray is not supported");
                return null;
            }
            CustomTray customTray = new CustomTray();
            customTray.setSchedulerService(schedulerService());
            customTray.setAppRepository(this.appRepository);
            try {
                customTray.setup();
            } catch (AWTException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return customTray;
        }

        @Bean
        GridFSController gridFSController() {
            GridFSController gridFSController = new GridFSController();
            return gridFSController;
        }
    }