Linux 无法在Ubuntu 16.04中启动Docker服务

我一直试图在Ubuntu 16.04上使用Docker（1.10），但安装失败，因为Docker服务没有启动。 我已经尝试通过docker.io、docker引擎apt包和

curl-sSL安装dockerhttps://get.docker.com/ |sh

但它不起作用

我的主机信息是：

Linux Xenial 4.5.3-040503-generic#201605041831 SMP星期三5月4日22:33:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

这里是systemctl状态docker.service

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since sáb 2016-05-14 15:17:31 CEST; 12min ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
  Process: 22479 ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 22479 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

may 14 15:17:30 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:30.103601523+02:00" level=info msg="New containerd process, pid: 22485\n"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149064723+02:00" level=error msg="devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149127439+02:00" level=warning msg="devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section."
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153010028+02:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver \"devicemapper\" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153130839+02:00" level=fatal msg="Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31+02:00" level=info msg="stopping containerd after receiving terminated"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Unit entered failed state.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

这里是sudocker守护进程-D

DEBU[0000] docker group found. gid: 999                 
DEBU[0000] Listener created for HTTP on unix (/var/run/docker.sock) 
INFO[0000] previous instance of containerd still alive (23050) 
DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: CONNECTING 
DEBU[0000] Using default logging driver json-file       
DEBU[0000] Golang's threads limit set to 55980          
DEBU[0000] received past containerd event: &types.Event{Type:"live", Id:"", Status:0x0, Pid:"", Timestamp:0x57372cae} 
DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: READY    
DEBU[0000] devicemapper: driver version is 4.34.0       
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Generated prefix: docker-8:6-2101297 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Checking for existence of the pool docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: poolDataMajMin=7:0 poolMetaMajMin=7:1

DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop0 is:7:0 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop1 is:7:1 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart()          
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Skipping file /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/metadata/transaction-metadata 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart() END      
DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap()            
DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap() END        
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Rolling back open transaction: TransactionID=1 hash= device_id=1 
ERRO[0000] devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
WARN[0000] devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section. 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Initializing base device-mapper thin volume 
DEBU[0000] devicemapper: CreateDevice(poolName=/dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool, deviceID=1) 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error creating device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error device setupBaseImage: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
ERRO[0000] [graphdriver] prior storage driver "devicemapper" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool 
DEBU[0000] Cleaning up old mountid : start.             
FATA[0000] Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool

以下是输出：

warning: /proc/config.gz does not exist, searching other paths for kernel config ...
info: reading kernel config from /boot/config-4.5.3-040503-generic ...

Generally Necessary:
- cgroup hierarchy: properly mounted [/sys/fs/cgroup]
- apparmor: enabled and tools installed
- CONFIG_NAMESPACES: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_PID_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_IPC_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_UTS_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUPS: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_CPUSETS: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG: enabled
- CONFIG_KEYS: enabled
- CONFIG_MACVLAN: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_VETH: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_BRIDGE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT_IPV4: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNTRACK: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT_NEEDED: enabled
- CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE: enabled

Optional Features:
- CONFIG_USER_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_SECCOMP: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM: missing
- CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED: missing
    (note that cgroup swap accounting is not enabled in your kernel config, you can enable it by setting boot option "swapaccount=1")
- CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP: enabled
- CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING: enabled
- CONFIG_IOSCHED_CFQ: enabled
- CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO: enabled
- CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH: enabled
- CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY: missing
    (enable these ext3 configs if you are using ext3 as backing filesystem)
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS: enabled
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL: enabled
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY: enabled
- Network Drivers:
  - "overlay":
    - CONFIG_VXLAN: enabled (as module)
- Storage Drivers:
  - "aufs":
    - CONFIG_AUFS_FS: missing
  - "btrfs":
    - CONFIG_BTRFS_FS: enabled (as module)
  - "devicemapper":
    - CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM: enabled
    - CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING: enabled (as module)
  - "overlay":
    - CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS: enabled (as module)
  - "zfs":
    - /dev/zfs: missing
    - zfs command: missing
    - zpool command: missing

---

如果有人能帮助我，我会非常感激的。嗯，我终于修好了

你所要做的一切就是加载一个不同的，在我的例子中，我将使用

覆盖

：

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since sáb 2016-05-14 15:17:31 CEST; 12min ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
  Process: 22479 ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 22479 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

may 14 15:17:30 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:30.103601523+02:00" level=info msg="New containerd process, pid: 22485\n"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149064723+02:00" level=error msg="devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149127439+02:00" level=warning msg="devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section."
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153010028+02:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver \"devicemapper\" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153130839+02:00" level=fatal msg="Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31+02:00" level=info msg="stopping containerd after receiving terminated"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Unit entered failed state.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

禁用Docker服务：

sudo systemctl停止Docker.service

启动Docker Daemon（

overlay

driver）：

sudo Docker Daemon-s overlay

运行演示容器：

sudo docker运行hello world

为了使这些更改永久化，您必须编辑

/etc/default/docker

文件并添加选项：

DOCKER\u OPTS=“-s overlay”

---

下次加载Docker服务时，它将运行Docker守护进程-s overlay

在更新版本的docker和Ubuntu中，docker的单位文件似乎只是被屏蔽（指向/dev/null）。
您可以通过在终端中运行以下命令进行验证：

sudo file /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
sudo file /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket

您应该看到单元文件符号链接到/dev/null。
在这种情况下，您只需遵循S34N的建议，然后运行：

sudo systemctl unmask docker.service
sudo systemctl unmask docker.socket
sudo systemctl start docker.service
sudo systemctl status docker

我还将保留原始帖子，其中回答了错误日志，指出应更换存储驱动程序：

原创帖子

我也有同样的问题，我试着用Salva Cort的建议来解决它，但打印

/etc/default/docker

会显示：

#此文件不适用于SYSTEMD

所以这里有一个永久的修复（Ubuntu 15.04及更高版本）：

创建一个包含以下内容的新文件

/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/overlay.conf

：

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// -s overlay

通过执行以下命令刷新更改：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

验证配置是否已加载：

systemctl show --property=ExecStart docker

重新启动docker：

sudo systemctl restart docker

sudo systemctl restart docker

---

我已经能够让它在内核升级后工作，按照这个博客中的说明

---

在查看一些其他答案后，问题似乎是服务没有使用

-s overlay

选项运行

我还碰巧注意到docker试图在调用结束时启动

${docker\u OPTS}

---

我能够

导出DOCKER\u OPTS=“-s overlay”

（默认情况下，bc DOCKER\u OPTS为空）并让DOCKER运行。

通过DOCKER机器将DOCKER从17.05-ce升级到17.06-ce后，我遇到了同样的问题

更新/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/10-machine.conf

替换

`docker daemon` => `dockerd`

来自

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker deamon -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --storage-driver aufs --tlsverify --tlscacert /etc/docker/ca.pem --tlscert /etc/docker/server.pem --tlskey /etc/docker/server-key.pem --label provider=generic
Environment=

到

通过执行以下命令刷新更改：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

重新启动docker：

sudo systemctl restart docker

sudo systemctl restart docker

---

至于我，我有这个错误

docker.service的作业失败，因为控制进程已退出，并显示错误代码。有关详细信息，请参阅“systemctl status docker.service”和“journalctl-xe”。

最后，我发现了

/etc/docker/daemon.json

错误，因为我添加了

注册表镜像

{
    "runtimes": {

        "nvidia": {
            "path": "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime",
            "runtimeArgs": []
        }
    }    

    # I forget to add a comma , here !!!!!!!
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}

---

在我添加它之后，然后

systemctl restart docker

，我解决了它。

下面的解蔽命令对我有效（Ubuntu 18）。希望它能帮助其他人…：-）

---

在我的例子中，我从

journalctl-xe命令

unable to configure the Docker daemon with file /etc/docker/daemon.json: invalid character 'â' looking for beginning of object key string

只需使用

{
}

---

在升级到ubuntu内核后，我今天遇到了这个问题，并尝试了上述多种解决方案。然而，唯一有效的方法（Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS）是删除（或重命名）文件夹：/var/lib/docker

请注意，这将删除您的所有docker映像、容器和卷等。因此，请在应用或进行备份之前了解其含义

详情如下：

---

在Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS上新安装的Docker（版本19.03.3-rc1）上，我遇到了类似的问题。默认情况下，新安装中不存在/etc/docker/daemon.json文件。在一个教程之后，我通过创建一个新的daemon.json文件将存储驱动程序更改为devicemapper。它工作了，但我删除了daemon.json文件，认为它会恢复为默认值，但不起作用，服务也不会启动

使用默认的存储驱动程序再次创建/etc/docker/daemon.json文件为我解决了这个问题

{
    "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}

---

sudo dockerd--debug

将有助于修复实际的痛点我在ubuntu 20 LTS上用它修复了相同的错误

您重新启动了系统吗？是的，我重新启动了，我已经解决了这个问题，正如我解释的那样，如果您将所有

docker

更改为

nvidia docker

，我必须从

/etc/systemd/system/docker.service

中的相应行添加整个命令行才能使其正常工作。第1步是重写所有命令行参数，在我的例子中丢失了很多参数。这个答案（不是链接答案）似乎不再有效，至少在Ubuntu 16.04，Docker 17.12.1-ce版上是这样。有一个错误阻止服务启动，其中包含消息“ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon-H fd://-s overlay（code=exited，status=125）”和“unknown shorthand flag:'s'in-s”，因此显然不再支持-s标志。如果简化