Mysql 多行SQL查询

我有一张这样的桌子：

---------------------------
|housing_id | facility_id |
---------------------------
|    1      |      7      |
|    1      |      4      |
|    2      |      7      |
---------------------------

现在我要做的是获得所有住房id，设施id为7和4。 因此，在这种情况下，查询应该只返回housing_id 1。

---

数据库是mysql。

另一种方法是-

SELECT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=4)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=7)

SELECT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 2

更新-受Josvic评论的启发，我决定做更多的测试，并认为我会包括我的发现

使用此查询的好处之一是很容易修改以包含更多设施ID。如果你想找到所有有设施ID 1、3、4和7的房屋ID，你只需要这样做-

SELECT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (1,3,4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 4

根据所采用的索引策略，这三种查询的性能差别很大。在我的测试数据集上，无论使用何种索引，我都无法从从属子查询版本获得合理的性能

Tim提供的自连接解决方案在给定两列上单独的单列索引时表现非常好，但随着条件数量的增加，其表现也不太好

以下是我的测试表上的一些基本统计数据-500k行-147963个房屋标识，设施标识的潜在值介于1和9之间

以下是用于运行所有这些测试的索引-

SHOW INDEXES FROM mytable;
+---------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+
| Table   | Non_unique | Key_name            | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type |
+---------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+
| mytable |          0 | UQ_housing_facility |            1 | housing_id  | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          0 | UQ_housing_facility |            2 | facility_id | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          0 | UQ_facility_housing |            1 | facility_id | A         |          12 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          0 | UQ_facility_housing |            2 | housing_id  | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          1 | IX_housing          |            1 | housing_id  | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          1 | IX_facility         |            1 | facility_id | A         |          12 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
+---------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+

测试的第一个查询是从属子查询-

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE DISTINCT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=4)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=7);

17321 rows in set (9.15 sec)

+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table   | type            | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref        | rows   | Extra                                 |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | mytable | range           | NULL                                                           | IX_housing          | 4       | NULL       | 500538 | Using where; Using index for group-by |
|  3 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE DISTINCT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=1)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=3)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=4)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=7);

567 rows in set (9.30 sec)

+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table   | type            | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref        | rows   | Extra                                 |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | mytable | range           | NULL                                                           | IX_housing          | 4       | NULL       | 500538 | Using where; Using index for group-by |
|  5 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  4 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  3 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

接下来是我的版本使用组由。。。有伯爵

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 2;

17321 rows in set (0.79 sec)

+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type  | possible_keys                   | key         | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra                                    |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | mytable | range | UQ_facility_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility | 4       | NULL | 198646 | Using where; Using index; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (1,3,4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 4;

567 rows in set (1.25 sec)

+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type  | possible_keys                   | key         | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra                                    |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | mytable | range | UQ_facility_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility | 4       | NULL | 407160 | Using where; Using index; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+

最后但并非最不重要的是自连接-

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE a.housing_id
FROM mytable a
INNER JOIN mytable b
    ON a.housing_id = b.housing_id
WHERE a.facility_id = 4 AND b.facility_id = 7;

17321 rows in set (1.37 sec)

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type   | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref                     | rows  | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | b     | ref    | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility         | 4       | const                   | 94598 | Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.b.housing_id,const |     1 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+-------------+

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE a.housing_id
FROM mytable a
INNER JOIN mytable b
    ON a.housing_id = b.housing_id
INNER JOIN mytable c
    ON a.housing_id = c.housing_id
INNER JOIN mytable d
    ON a.housing_id = d.housing_id
WHERE a.facility_id = 1
AND b.facility_id = 3
AND c.facility_id = 4
AND d.facility_id = 7;

567 rows in set (1.64 sec)

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type   | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref                     | rows  | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | b     | ref    | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility         | 4       | const                   | 93782 | Using index              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | d     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.b.housing_id,const |     1 | Using index              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | c     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.b.housing_id,const |     1 | Using index              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.d.housing_id,const |     1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+--------------------------+

---

另一种方法是-

SELECT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 2

更新-受Josvic评论的启发，我决定做更多的测试，并认为我会包括我的发现

使用此查询的好处之一是很容易修改以包含更多设施ID。如果你想找到所有有设施ID 1、3、4和7的房屋ID，你只需要这样做-

SELECT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (1,3,4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 4

根据所采用的索引策略，这三种查询的性能差别很大。在我的测试数据集上，无论使用何种索引，我都无法从从属子查询版本获得合理的性能

Tim提供的自连接解决方案在给定两列上单独的单列索引时表现非常好，但随着条件数量的增加，其表现也不太好

以下是我的测试表上的一些基本统计数据-500k行-147963个房屋标识，设施标识的潜在值介于1和9之间

以下是用于运行所有这些测试的索引-

SHOW INDEXES FROM mytable;
+---------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+
| Table   | Non_unique | Key_name            | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type |
+---------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+
| mytable |          0 | UQ_housing_facility |            1 | housing_id  | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          0 | UQ_housing_facility |            2 | facility_id | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          0 | UQ_facility_housing |            1 | facility_id | A         |          12 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          0 | UQ_facility_housing |            2 | housing_id  | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          1 | IX_housing          |            1 | housing_id  | A         |      500537 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
| mytable |          1 | IX_facility         |            1 | facility_id | A         |          12 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |
+---------+------------+---------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+

测试的第一个查询是从属子查询-

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE DISTINCT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=4)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=7);

17321 rows in set (9.15 sec)

+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table   | type            | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref        | rows   | Extra                                 |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | mytable | range           | NULL                                                           | IX_housing          | 4       | NULL       | 500538 | Using where; Using index for group-by |
|  3 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE DISTINCT housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=1)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=3)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=4)
AND housing_id IN (SELECT housing_id FROM mytable WHERE facility_id=7);

567 rows in set (9.30 sec)

+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type        | table   | type            | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref        | rows   | Extra                                 |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY            | mytable | range           | NULL                                                           | IX_housing          | 4       | NULL       | 500538 | Using where; Using index for group-by |
|  5 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  4 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  3 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
|  2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | mytable | unique_subquery | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | func,const |      1 | Using index; Using where              |
+----+--------------------+---------+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+------------+--------+---------------------------------------+

接下来是我的版本使用组由。。。有伯爵

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 2;

17321 rows in set (0.79 sec)

+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type  | possible_keys                   | key         | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra                                    |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | mytable | range | UQ_facility_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility | 4       | NULL | 198646 | Using where; Using index; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE housing_id
FROM mytable
WHERE facility_id IN (1,3,4,7)
GROUP BY housing_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT facility_id) = 4;

567 rows in set (1.25 sec)

+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table   | type  | possible_keys                   | key         | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra                                    |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | mytable | range | UQ_facility_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility | 4       | NULL | 407160 | Using where; Using index; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+------------------------------------------+

最后但并非最不重要的是自连接-

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE a.housing_id
FROM mytable a
INNER JOIN mytable b
    ON a.housing_id = b.housing_id
WHERE a.facility_id = 4 AND b.facility_id = 7;

17321 rows in set (1.37 sec)

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type   | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref                     | rows  | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | b     | ref    | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility         | 4       | const                   | 94598 | Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.b.housing_id,const |     1 | Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+-------------+

SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE a.housing_id
FROM mytable a
INNER JOIN mytable b
    ON a.housing_id = b.housing_id
INNER JOIN mytable c
    ON a.housing_id = c.housing_id
INNER JOIN mytable d
    ON a.housing_id = d.housing_id
WHERE a.facility_id = 1
AND b.facility_id = 3
AND c.facility_id = 4
AND d.facility_id = 7;

567 rows in set (1.64 sec)

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type   | possible_keys                                                  | key                 | key_len | ref                     | rows  | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | b     | ref    | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | IX_facility         | 4       | const                   | 93782 | Using index              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | d     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.b.housing_id,const |     1 | Using index              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | c     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.b.housing_id,const |     1 | Using index              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | a     | eq_ref | UQ_housing_facility,UQ_facility_housing,IX_housing,IX_facility | UQ_housing_facility | 8       | test.d.housing_id,const |     1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+-------+--------------------------+

---

您还可以进行自联接，最快的联接将在很大程度上取决于表中的数据量

SELECT a.housing_id
FROM mytable a
INNER JOIN mytable b
ON a.housing_id = b.housing_id AND a.facility_id <> b.facility_id
WHERE a.facility_id = 4 AND b.facility_id = 7 

选择一个外壳\u id
从我的表a
内部联接表b
在a.housing_id=b.housing_id和a.facility_id b.facility_id上
其中a.facility_id=4和b.facility_id=7

您也可以进行自联接，最快的一种联接在很大程度上取决于表中的数据量

SELECT a.housing_id
FROM mytable a
INNER JOIN mytable b
ON a.housing_id = b.housing_id AND a.facility_id <> b.facility_id
WHERE a.facility_id = 4 AND b.facility_id = 7 

选择一个外壳\u id
从我的表a
内部联接表b
在a.housing_id=b.housing_id和a.facility_id b.facility_id上
其中a.facility_id=4和b.facility_id=7

这似乎有点overcomplicated@SinistraD子句中的

导致重复。仍然比分组方式更简单。。正在进行计数。
分组依据。。。拥有COUNT
的开销将低于此值。我刚刚在一个有500K条记录的测试表上试用过它。@nnichols“较低的开销”取决于多种因素，包括索引、表中的总行数等。如果它是一个带有索引的
ID
字段，我建议的方法应该总是比整个表上的聚合更好，因为查询优化器将首先应用
WHERE
过滤器。使用
HAVING
子句，在执行所有聚合计算（整个表）后应用过滤器。然而，这两种方法在理论上都回答了这个问题。现在由@Rene Koller决定在他的特定场景中哪一个表现最好。@JosvicZammit-公正评论。我粗略地假设这两个字段上有一个唯一的索引。两个查询都将首先使用索引进行筛选overcomplicated@SinistraD

子句中的

导致重复。仍然比分组方式更简单。。正在进行计数。
分组依据。。。拥有COUNT
的开销将低于此值。我刚刚在一个有500K条记录的测试表上试用过它。@nnichols“较低的开销”取决于多种因素，包括索引、表中的总行数等。如果它是一个带有索引的
ID
字段，我建议的方法应该总是比整个表上的聚合更好，因为查询优化器将首先应用
WHERE
过滤器。使用
HAVING
子句，在执行所有聚合计算（整个表）后应用过滤器。然而，这两种方法在理论上都回答了这个问题。现在由@Rene Koller决定在他的特定场景中哪一个表现最好。@JosvicZammit-公正评论。我粗略地假设这两个字段上有一个唯一的索引。这两个查询都将首先使用索引进行过滤。现在我想这似乎是目前为止唯一的好解决方案，哈哈。。。我删除了我的答案哇，这是一个gib速度差，我想我会尝试使用你的版本。现在我想这似乎是目前为止唯一的好办法，哈哈。。。我删除了我的答案哇，这是一个gib速度差，我想我会尝试使用你的版本。