Python 2.7 scipy.integrate.quad ctypes函数错误“;quadpack.error:quad:第一个参数是签名不正确的ctypes函数指针;
我正在尝试使用带有Python 2.7 scipy.integrate.quad ctypes函数错误“;quadpack.error:quad:第一个参数是签名不正确的ctypes函数指针;,python-2.7,scipy,ctypes,integrate,Python 2.7,Scipy,Ctypes,Integrate,我正在尝试使用带有ctypes函数的scipy.integrate.nqad。我完全按照指示去做 ctypes集成只需几个简单步骤: 使用函数签名double f(int n,double args[n])在C中编写一个被积函数,其中args是包含函数f参数的数组 现在将该文件编译到一个共享/动态库中(快速搜索会有所帮助,因为它依赖于操作系统)。用户必须链接所使用的任何数学库等。在Linux上,这看起来像: 输出库将被称为testlib.so,但它可能具有不同的文件扩展名。现在已经创建了一个
ctypes
函数的scipy.integrate.nqad
。我完全按照指示去做
ctypes
集成只需几个简单步骤:
double f(int n,double args[n])
在C中编写一个被积函数,其中args
是包含函数f
参数的数组testlib.so
,但它可能具有不同的文件扩展名。现在已经创建了一个库,可以通过ctypes
加载到Python中
ctypes
将共享库加载到Python中,并设置restypes
和argtypes
——这允许Scipy解释函数
正确地说:(ctypes.c_int,ctypes.c_double)
,而restype始终为ctypes.c_double
nqad
,像往常一样集成库函数:>>> integrate.nquad(func,[[0,1.0],[-2.0,3.0],[1.0,2.0]])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 618, in nquad
return _NQuad(func, ranges, opts).integrate(*args)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 670, in integrate
value, abserr = quad(f, low, high, args=args, **opt)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 254, in quad
retval = _quad(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 319, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 670, in integrate
value, abserr = quad(f, low, high, args=args, **opt)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 254, in quad
retval = _quad(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 319, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 670, in integrate
value, abserr = quad(f, low, high, args=args, **opt)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 254, in quad
retval = _quad(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 319, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
quadpack.error: quad: first argument is a ctypes function pointer with incorrect signature
integrate.nqad(func,[[0,1.0]、-2.0,3.0]、[1.0,2.0])
回溯(最近一次呼叫最后一次):
文件“”,第1行,在
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第618行,在nqad中
return\u nqad(函数、范围、选项).integrate(*args)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第670行,在integrate中
值,abserr=quad(f,低,高,args=args,**opt)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第254行,四行
retval=_四元(func,a,b,args,full_输出,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第319行,四行
返回_quadpack._qagse(func、a、b、args、full输出、epsabs、epsrel、limit)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第670行,在integrate中
值,abserr=quad(f,低,高,args=args,**opt)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第254行,四行
retval=_四元(func,a,b,args,full_输出,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第319行,四行
返回_quadpack._qagse(func、a、b、args、full输出、epsabs、epsrel、limit)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第670行,在integrate中
值,abserr=quad(f,低,高,args=args,**opt)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第254行,四行
retval=_四元(func,a,b,args,full_输出,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
文件“/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py”,第319行,四行
返回_quadpack._qagse(func、a、b、args、full输出、epsabs、epsrel、limit)
quadpack.error:quad:第一个参数是签名不正确的ctypes函数指针
我使用的是gcc-4.4.7、python2.6.6、numpy-1.7.1、scipy-0.13.3,参数的类型应该是:
ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c\u double)
但是您是否考虑过使用
cffi
?除了比ctypes
更快之外,您还不必手工编写参数,只需复制C声明并让cffi
解析它们。参数的类型应该是:ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.C\u double)
但是您是否考虑过使用
cffi
?除了比ctypes
更快之外,您还不必手工编写参数,只需复制C声明并让cffi
解析它们。函数签名中的double args[n]
与您遵循的double*args
相同。这似乎是一个新的功能,不存在于或。我使用的是scipy-0.15.1integrate.nqad(func,[[0,1.0],-2.0,3.0],[1.0,2.0]])
生成(-1.25,1.4017986003800292e-13)
其中func
是您问题中的ctypes
函数。@nymk您说得对。我尝试了0.15.1,它可以工作。函数签名中的双参数[n]
与您遵循的double*args
相同。这似乎是一个新的功能,不存在于或。我使用的是scipy-0.15.1integrate.nqad(func,[[0,1.0],-2.0,3.0],[1.0,2.0]])
生成(-1.25,1.4017986003800292e-13)
其中func
是您问题中的ctypes
函数。@nymk您说得对。我尝试了0.15.1,它可以工作。scipy.integrate.quad
不理解cffi
,只理解ctypes
函数。scipy.integrate.quad
不理解cffi
,只理解ctypes
函数。
$ gcc -shared -o testlib.so -fPIC testlib.c
>>> import ctypes
>>> from scipy import integrate
>>> lib = ctypes.CDLL('/**/testlib.so') # Use absolute path to testlib
>>> func = lib.f # Assign specific function to name func (for simplicity)
>>> func.restype = ctypes.c_double
>>> func.argtypes = (ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_double)
>>> integrate.nquad(func, [[0,10],[-10,0],[-1,1]])
(1000.0, 1.1102230246251565e-11)
>>> integrate.nquad(func,[[0,1.0],[-2.0,3.0],[1.0,2.0]])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 618, in nquad
return _NQuad(func, ranges, opts).integrate(*args)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 670, in integrate
value, abserr = quad(f, low, high, args=args, **opt)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 254, in quad
retval = _quad(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 319, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 670, in integrate
value, abserr = quad(f, low, high, args=args, **opt)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 254, in quad
retval = _quad(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 319, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 670, in integrate
value, abserr = quad(f, low, high, args=args, **opt)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 254, in quad
retval = _quad(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit,points)
File "/home/bfn097/apps/scipy/0.13.3_mkl-11.1.2_gcc-4.4.7/lib64/python/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 319, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
quadpack.error: quad: first argument is a ctypes function pointer with incorrect signature