如何在Python中使用Selenium完全关闭选项卡？
我正在尝试使用Selenium进行web抓取，我打开了一些选项卡以获取一些信息，但希望关闭这些选项卡。如果我不这样做，我会在代码运行完成时打开很多选项卡。我尝试切换到要关闭的选项卡，然后尝试通过执行以下操作关闭它：如何在Python中使用Selenium完全关闭选项卡？,python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,web-scraping,selenium-chromedriver,Python,Selenium,Selenium Webdriver,Web Scraping,Selenium Chromedriver,我正在尝试使用Selenium进行web抓取，我打开了一些选项卡以获取一些信息，但希望关闭这些选项卡。如果我不这样做，我会在代码运行完成时打开很多选项卡。我尝试切换到要关闭的选项卡，然后尝试通过执行以下操作关闭它： browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1]) browser.close() browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1]) browser.find_element_
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'w')
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
from selenium import webdriver
import os
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import xlsxwriter
from datetime import datetime
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
trade_date_lim = "5/1/2021"
chrome_driver = os.path.abspath('C:/Users/ross/Desktop/chromedriver.exe')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver)
#makes workbook to write to
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('reit_bonds_test.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
stocks = ["PNW", "STWD"]
for stock in stocks:
browser.get('https://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
#using clicks and send_keys, gets the bond page for a desired stock
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
'#TabContainer > div > div.rtq-tab-wrap > div.rtq-tab-menus-wrap > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a > span'))).click()
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#firscreener-cusip'))).send_keys(stock)
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
"#ms-finra-advanced-search-form > div.ms-finra-advanced-search-btn > input:nth-child(2)"))).click()
try:
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-agreement > input"))).click()
except TimeoutException:
pass
#clicks to sort by earliest date, clicks again to sort by latest maturity
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
time.sleep(5)
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
time.sleep(5)
#gathers all bond offerings on first page
whole_chart = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll"))).text
#gets number of bonds listed on page so we can iterate through them. Some pages have differing number of bonds listed. Most on page is 20
parent = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="ms-finra-search-results"]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div')
count_divs = len(parent.find_elements_by_xpath("./div"))
bnd_off_cnt = 1
row_num = 0
while row_num < count_divs and bnd_off_cnt < 3:
#gets values that I'm looking for
symbol = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(3)"))).text
maturity = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(7)"))).text
moody_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(8)"))).text
sandp_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(9)"))).text
stated_bond_yield = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(11)"))).text
#looks to see if all values are non-empty and if moody rating and sandp rating are not equal to 'WR' and 'NR'
if symbol.strip() and maturity.strip() and moody_rating.strip() and sandp_rating.strip() and stated_bond_yield.strip() and moody_rating != "WR" and sandp_rating != "NR":
#bond detail page below
element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(2) > div > a")))
element_link = element.get_attribute('href') #gets the link
#opens window, switches to it and opens the bond detail page
browser.execute_script("window.open('');")
time.sleep(3)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get(element_link)
#switch to iframe on second page and clicks it
wait.until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.ID, "ms-bond-detail-iframe")))
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#tradeHistory_link"))).click()
#switches to third page
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[-1])
#sleeps for 3 seconds so we know for sure that we are working on right page
time.sleep(3)
# get length of table on trades page and iterate through them trying to find the most recent "Trade" status
bond_trades = wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr")))
count = len(bond_trades)
for trade in range(count):
bond_trade_status = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(4) > div"))).text
if bond_trade_status == "Trade":
bond_last_traded = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(1) > div"))).text
if bond_last_traded > trade_date_lim:
#prior bond yields occasionally don't match the yield that it was last traded at
bond_yield = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(7) > div"))).text
print(symbol, maturity, bond_yield)
bnd_off_cnt += 1
break
else:
continue
#test for if we are within X amount of time from today
#continue if we are more than that amount of time
#exit if we are within time frame and get 'Yield'
else:
continue
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
row_num += 1
从selenium导入webdriver
导入操作系统
从selenium.webdriver.common.by导入
从selenium.webdriver.support.ui导入WebDriverWait
从selenium.webdriver.support将预期的_条件导入为EC
导入xlsxwriter
从日期时间导入日期时间
导入时间
从selenium.common.exceptions导入TimeoutException
交易日期\u lim=“5/1/2021”
chrome\u driver=os.path.abspath（'C:/Users/ross/Desktop/chromedriver.exe'））
浏览器=webdriver.Chrome（Chrome\u驱动程序）
#制作要写入的工作簿
workbook=xlsxwriter.workbook（'reit\u bonds\u test.xlsx'）
工作表=工作簿。添加工作表（）
股票=[“PNW”，“STWD”]
对于库存：
browser.get（'https://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp')
wait=WebDriverWait（浏览器，10）
#使用单击和发送键，获取所需股票的债券页面
等待.直到（EC.element）可点击（（By.CSS）选择器，
“#TabContainer>div>div.rtq-tab-wrap>div.rtq-tab-menuals-wrap>ul>li:n第n个子项（3）>a>span'））。单击（）
等待.直到（EC.element可点击（（By.CSS选择器，#firscreener cusip'））。发送密钥（库存）
等待.直到（EC.element）可点击（（By.CSS）选择器，
“#ms finra高级搜索表单>div.ms-finra-advanced-search-btn>输入：第n个子项（2）”）。单击（）
尝试：
等待.直到（EC.element可点击（（By.CSS选择器，“#ms协议>输入”））。点击（）
除TimeoutException外：
通过
#单击可按最早日期排序，再次单击可按最晚到期日排序
等待.直到（EC.element可点击（（By.CSS选择器，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-grid-hd>div>div:n子（7）>div”）。点击（）
时间。睡眠（5）
等待.直到（EC.element可点击（（By.CSS选择器，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-grid-hd>div>div:n子（7）>div”）。点击（）
时间。睡眠（5）
#在第一页收集所有债券发行
整个图表=等待直到（EC.element可点击（（通过.CSS选择器，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scroll面板>div.rtq-grid-scroll））。文本
#获取页面上列出的债券数量，以便我们可以遍历它们。有些页面列出了不同数量的债券。页面上的大多数是20
parent=browser。通过xpath查找元素（'/*[@id=“ms finra search results”]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div'）
count\u divs=len（parent.find\u elements\u by\u xpath（“./div”））
bnd_off_cnt=1
行数=0
当row_numdiv>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scroll面板>div.rtq-grid-scroll>div>div>div:n子级（+str（行数+1）+”）>div:n子级（3）”）。文本
成熟度=等待。直到（EC.presence_of_element_located（（通过.CSS_选择器，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scroll面板>div.rtq-grid-scroll>div>div>div:n子项（+str（行数+1）+”）>div:n子项（7）”）。文本
moody_rating=wait.Toll（EC.presence_of_element_located（（By.CSS_SELECTOR，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scroll面板>div.rtq-grid-scroll>div>div>div:n子项（+str（行数+1）+>div:n子项8）”）。文本
sandp_rating=wait.until（EC.presence_of_element_located（（By.CSS_SELECTOR，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scrollmpanel>div.rtq-grid-scroll>div>div>div:n子项（+str（行数+1）+>div:n子项）（9）”）。文本
声明的债券收益率=等待直到（EC.presence_of_element_located）（（By.CSS_SELECTOR，“#ms finra search results>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scrollmpanel>div.rtq-grid>div>div:n子项（+str（行数+1+”）>div:n子项（11）”）。文本
#查看所有值是否为非空，穆迪评级和sandp评级是否不等于“WR”和“NR”
如果symbol.strip（）和到期日.strip（）和穆迪评级.strip（）和sandp评级.strip（）和规定的债券收益率.strip（）和穆迪评级！=“WR”和sandp_额定值！=“NR”：
#债券详情页如下
element=wait.until（EC.element可点击（（通过.CSS_选择器，“#ms finra搜索结果>div>div.qs-resultData>div.qs-resultData-body>div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h>div.rtq-scroll面板>div.rtq-grid-scroll>div>div>n:n子项（+str（行数+1）+>）div:n子项（2）>div>a”））
element_link=element.get_属性（'href'）#获取链接
#打开窗口，切换到该窗口并打开“债券详细信息”页面
browser.execute_脚本（“window.open（“”）；”）
时间。睡眠（3）
browser.switch_to.window（browser.window_句柄[1]）
browser.get（元素链接）
#切换到第二页上的iframe并单击它
等待，直到（EC.frame\t
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
print(browser.window_handles)
PNW5042752 09/15/2050 3.198
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-5A1FC1679F6C04AA88D09BA7B6568B53', 'CDwindow-DE838D1CED095EF7FEFF8DF3A3242829']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-DE838D1CED095EF7FEFF8DF3A3242829']
PNW4989897 05/15/2050 3.217
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-DE838D1CED095EF7FEFF8DF3A3242829', 'CDwindow-C7B7C24BC2C066C2D42F622ED58A982B', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-C7B7C24BC2C066C2D42F622ED58A982B', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-C7B7C24BC2C066C2D42F622ED58A982B', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B', 'CDwindow-D3732930FBE9AED7BA22171E4CAE0DCF', 'CDwindow-38527482E16607D629B8DBBA4598AC76']
['CDwindow-F6F960253D139F2E40A277E65170F5FD', 'CDwindow-9AEBC8F28DFB92B291591730FA45B87B', 'CDwindow-D3732930FBE9AED7BA22171E4CAE0DCF', 'CDwindow-38527482E16607D629B8DBBA4598AC76']
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[2])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
from selenium import webdriver
import os
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import xlsxwriter
from datetime import datetime
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
trade_date_lim = "5/1/2021"
chrome_driver = os.path.abspath('C:/Users/ross/Desktop/chromedriver.exe')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver)
#makes workbook to write to
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('reit_bonds_test.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
stocks = ["PNW", "STWD"]
for stock in stocks:
browser.get('https://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
#using clicks and send_keys, gets the bond page for a desired stock
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
'#TabContainer > div > div.rtq-tab-wrap > div.rtq-tab-menus-wrap > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a > span'))).click()
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#firscreener-cusip'))).send_keys(stock)
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,
"#ms-finra-advanced-search-form > div.ms-finra-advanced-search-btn > input:nth-child(2)"))).click()
try:
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-agreement > input"))).click()
except TimeoutException:
pass
#clicks to sort by earliest date, clicks again to sort by latest maturity
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
time.sleep(5)
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-grid-hd > div > div:nth-child(7) > div"))).click()
time.sleep(5)
#gathers all bond offerings on first page
whole_chart = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll"))).text
#gets number of bonds listed on page so we can iterate through them. Some pages have differing number of bonds listed. Most on page is 20
parent = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="ms-finra-search-results"]/div/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div')
count_divs = len(parent.find_elements_by_xpath("./div"))
bnd_off_cnt = 1
row_num = 0
while row_num < count_divs and bnd_off_cnt < 3:
#gets values that I'm looking for
symbol = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(3)"))).text
maturity = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(7)"))).text
moody_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(8)"))).text
sandp_rating = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(9)"))).text
stated_bond_yield = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(11)"))).text
#looks to see if all values are non-empty and if moody rating and sandp rating are not equal to 'WR' and 'NR'
if symbol.strip() and maturity.strip() and moody_rating.strip() and sandp_rating.strip() and stated_bond_yield.strip() and moody_rating != "WR" and sandp_rating != "NR":
#bond detail page below
element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-finra-search-results > div > div.qs-resultData > div.qs-resultData-body > div.rtq-grid.rtq-grid-auto-h > div.rtq-scrollpanel > div.rtq-grid-scroll > div > div:nth-child(" + str(row_num + 1) + ") > div:nth-child(2) > div > a")))
element_link = element.get_attribute('href') #gets the link
#opens window, switches to it and opens the bond detail page
browser.execute_script("window.open('');")
time.sleep(3)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get(element_link)
#switch to iframe on second page and clicks it
wait.until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.ID, "ms-bond-detail-iframe")))
wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#tradeHistory_link"))).click()
#switches to third page
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[-1])
#sleeps for 3 seconds so we know for sure that we are working on right page
time.sleep(3)
# get length of table on trades page and iterate through them trying to find the most recent "Trade" status
bond_trades = wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr")))
count = len(bond_trades)
for trade in range(count):
bond_trade_status = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(4) > div"))).text
if bond_trade_status == "Trade":
bond_last_traded = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(1) > div"))).text
if bond_last_traded > trade_date_lim:
#prior bond yields occasionally don't match the yield that it was last traded at
bond_yield = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#ms-glossary > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(" + str(trade + 1) + ") > td:nth-child(7) > div"))).text
print(symbol, maturity, bond_yield)
bnd_off_cnt += 1
break
else:
continue
#test for if we are within X amount of time from today
#continue if we are more than that amount of time
#exit if we are within time frame and get 'Yield'
else:
continue
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.close()
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
row_num += 1