Python 使用Django在另一台服务器上创建PostgreSQL数据库

我有一个工作的本地环境，使用Django 1.11，在LinuxMint上运行PostgreSQL 10数据库

我正在尝试复制这个环境，并将其安装在两台Ubuntu 16.04开发服务器上：一台用于web服务器，另一台用于SQL服务器

问题是在Ubuntu PostgreSQL服务器上运行Django

当我获取Django settings.py文件并将服务器从“localhost”更改为新PostgreSQL服务器的IP地址时，使用manage.py发出的每个命令都会失败。这包括createsuperuser、makemigrations和migrate。这在我的工作、开发机器和新的Ubuntu web服务器上都失败了

在更改数据库服务器之后和运行manage.py命令之前，是否应该执行我缺少的步骤

我读过的所有内容都说只需运行makemigrations和migrate命令。我甚至尝试删除makemigrations文件夹，但仍然没有成功

已验证：可以使用相同的用户ID和密码远程连接到新的PostgreSQL server，并且能够创建表（因此问题不应与安全性或远程访问相关）

以下是每次出现的错误：

            Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/username/Documents/pycharm-2017.2.3/helpers/pycharm/django_manage.py", line 43, in <module>
    run_module(manage_file, None, '__main__', True)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 196, in run_module
    return _run_module_code(code, init_globals, run_name, mod_spec)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 96, in _run_module_code
    mod_name, mod_spec, pkg_name, script_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/dcripps/PycharmProjects/seamus/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 364, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 356, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 327, in execute
    self.check()
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 359, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 62, in _run_checks
    issues.extend(super(Command, self)._run_checks(**kwargs))
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 16, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 26, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 254, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 405, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 398, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 673, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 665, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/dcripps/PycharmProjects/seamus/seamus/urls.py", line 21, in <module>
    from assessments import views as assessment_views
  File "/home/dcripps/PycharmProjects/seamus/assessments/views.py", line 10, in <module>
    from .forms import NewForm, CreateForm, DetailForm, EquipmentDetailForm, EquipmentAddForm, InspectionsForm, \
  File "/home/dcripps/PycharmProjects/seamus/assessments/forms.py", line 17, in <module>
    .values_list('item_number', 'number_type'))
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 250, in __iter__
    self._fetch_all()
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1118, in _fetch_all
    self._result_cache = list(self._iterable_class(self))
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 138, in __iter__
    for row in compiler.results_iter():
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 836, in results_iter
    results = self.execute_sql(MULTI)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 894, in execute_sql
    raise original_exception
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 884, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 80, in execute
    return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/home/dcripps/seamus_virt/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "EquipmentTypes" does not exist
LINE 1: ...ntTypes"."equipment_type")) AS "number_type" FROM "Equipment..

以下是我添加到pg_hba.conf文件中的内容： 托管所有0.0.0.0/0 md5

settings.py中的数据库：

    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
            'NAME': '******',
            'USER': '******',
            'PASSWORD': '******',
            'HOST': '192.168.1.221',
            'PORT': '5432',
        }

}

---

根据Daniel的说法，错误来自这里：

item_number_list = [("", "---------")] + \
                   list(EquipmentTypes.objects.all()
                        .annotate(number_type=Concat('item_number', Value(' - '), 'equipment_type'))
                        .values_list('item_number', 'number_type'))

我用它来填充模型中的下拉列表：

'item_number': forms.Select(choices=item_number_list, attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),

---

我注释掉了这段代码，一切都很顺利。

回溯显示问题是由assessment/forms.py的第17行引起的-我们看不到实际代码，但似乎您正在类或模块级别执行查询。您不能这样做，因为该级别的任何操作都是在导入时执行的，而导入是在迁移有机会运行之前执行的

---

请注意，此问题与在单独的服务器上运行数据库无关，而只是由移动到新的空数据库引起的。

您需要显示数据库设置。另外，您正在运行什么命令来获取该错误？您可以共享您的pg_hba.conf吗？你们有防火墙吗。请出示您的Django配置，这非常有效，谢谢Daniel。在某些表单中，我有一些查询作为下拉列表，因此必须找到一种不同的方法来实现。再次感谢。您可能需要将它们移动到表单的

\uuuu init\uuuu

方法中。我有多个表单使用相同的列表。是否有一种方法可以编写一次列表，并让多个表单使用它，还是需要在每个表单的init方法中对其进行编码？实际上，对于这种情况，您应该使用ModelChoiceField。要获得定制的表示形式，您应该对该字段进行子类化，并按照中所述从_instance重写

label_（请注意，这意味着在Python中进行连接，但我认为这并不重要）。
'item_number': forms.Select(choices=item_number_list, attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),