类内的Python函数递归

我下了一节课

class Message:

    def __init__(self, message):
        self.message = message
        self.__dict__.update(message)

    def dict_value_finder(self, field, partial_match=False):
        """It Takes a dict with nested lists and dicts,
        and searches all dicts for a key of the field
        provided and return the value(s) as a list.
        set partial_match = True to get partial matches.
        """
        fields_found = []

        for key, value in self.message.items():

            if field in key if partial_match else field == key:
                fields_found.append(value)
                print(key, value)

            elif isinstance(value, dict):
                results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)
                fields_found.extend(results)

            elif isinstance(value, list):
                for item in value:
                    if isinstance(item, dict):
                        more_results = dict_value_finder(item, field,
                                                         partial_match)
                        fields_found.extend(more_results)

        return fields_found

函数dict_value_finder将在类外工作，如下所示：

def dict_value_finder(search_dict, field, partial_match=False):
    """Takes a dict with nested lists and dicts,
    and searches all dicts for a key of the field
    provided and return the value(s) as a list.
    set partial_match = True to get partial matches.
    """
    fields_found = []

    for key, value in search_dict.items():

        if field in key if partial_match else field == key:
            fields_found.append(value)
            print(key, value)

        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)
            fields_found.extend(results)

        elif isinstance(value, list):
            for item in value:
                if isinstance(item, dict):
                    more_results = dict_value_finder(item, field,
                                                     partial_match)
                    fields_found.extend(more_results)

    return fields_found

但是当我把它放在类中时，我得到了一个错误：

  File "<ipython-input-42-76ab838299bc>", line 23, in dict_value_finder
    results = dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)

NameError: name 'dict_value_finder' is not defined

文件“”，第23行，在dict\u value\u finder中
结果=dict值查找器（值、字段、部分匹配）
名称错误：未定义名称“dict\u value\u finder”

---

鉴于类需要递归，我不确定如何将此函数添加到类中。

将

results=dict\u value\u finder（value，field，partial\u match）

更改为：

results = self.dict_value_finder(value, field, partial_match)

和

more\u results=dict\u value\u finder（项目、字段、部分匹配）

到：

more_results = self.dict_value_finder(item, field,partial_match)

为了访问类实例的属性，我们应该使用

self

要解决评论中的问题：

def dict_value_finder(self, field, partial_match=False, search=None):

    fields_found = []

    search =  search or self.message

    for key, value in search.items():

        if field in key if partial_match else field == key:
            fields_found.append(value)
            print(key, value)

        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            results = self.dict_value_finder(field, partial_match, value)
            fields_found.extend(results)

        elif isinstance(value, list):
            for item in value:
                if isinstance(item, dict):
                    more_results = self.dict_value_finder(field,partial_match, item)
                    fields_found.extend(more_results)

    return fields_found

---

您在引用

消息时使用了
self
，但在引用
dict\u value\u finder
时没有使用。为什么？TypeError:dict_value_finder（）接受2到3个位置参数，但提供了4个。不应将self作为第一个参数，而应将value或item作为第一个参数。这来自方法的定义
def dict_value_finder（self，field，partial_match=False）：
您没有在此处定义
项目
或
值。项目和值应替换self.message。我该怎么做？