基于Python的GPIO对覆盆子Pi的LED控制

我使用连接到Raspberry Pi上GPIO引脚的瞬时开关来控制4个LED。 我有五个按钮。 按下前4个按钮可根据当前状态将连接LED的状态从on切换到off或off切换到on。 第五个按钮根据GPIO 18的开/关状态打开或关闭所有4个LED。 我还有一个额外的LED连接到GPIO引脚18，这只是根据引脚18的状态打开或关闭。 这个项目的想法是能够独立控制LED，并有一个主控制按钮。连接到引脚18的LED是一个监控LED，如果4个LED中的任何一个点亮，则该LED应点亮；只有当所有4个LED同时熄灭时，该LED才应熄灭。 这都是基于python脚本的，python脚本监视按钮按下并相应地执行操作

我为一次控制所有LED而编写的代码如下所示：

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(26, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

chan_list = (4,17,22,27)

GPIO.setup(chan_list,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.output(chan_list,0)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.output(18,0)

while True:
    input_state = GPIO.input(26)
    if input_state == False:
         chan_list = (4,17,22,27)
         GPIO.output(18, not GPIO.input(18))
         time.sleep(0.1)
         GPIO.output(chan_list, GPIO.input(18))
         time.sleep(0.4)

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(4,0)

GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)

while True:
    input_state = GPIO.input(5)
    if input_state == False:
        if GPIO.output(17,0) == False:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        elif GPIO.output(22,0) == False:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        elif GPIO.output(27,0) == False:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        else:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
            time.sleep(0.1)
            GPIO.output(18, GPIO.input(4))
            time.sleep(0.4)

该代码似乎运行正常。如您所见，它切换引脚18的当前状态，然后将该状态应用于引脚4、17、22和27，这是LED连接到的引脚

我编写的控制单个LED的代码有点复杂，它看起来如下所示：

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(26, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

chan_list = (4,17,22,27)

GPIO.setup(chan_list,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.output(chan_list,0)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.output(18,0)

while True:
    input_state = GPIO.input(26)
    if input_state == False:
         chan_list = (4,17,22,27)
         GPIO.output(18, not GPIO.input(18))
         time.sleep(0.1)
         GPIO.output(chan_list, GPIO.input(18))
         time.sleep(0.4)

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(4,0)

GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)

while True:
    input_state = GPIO.input(5)
    if input_state == False:
        if GPIO.output(17,0) == False:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        elif GPIO.output(22,0) == False:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        elif GPIO.output(27,0) == False:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        else:
            GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
            time.sleep(0.1)
            GPIO.output(18, GPIO.input(4))
            time.sleep(0.4)

有4个版本的LED，每个LED有一个版本，该版本使用引脚5作为输入来检测按钮按下，引脚4作为输出来激活LED。我想做的是：

按下时（如果LED1关闭）

按下时（如果LED1打开）

然而，实际发生的是：

按下时（如果LED1关闭）

按下时（如果LED1关闭）

我一辈子都搞不清楚这件事。 非常感谢你的帮助

---

请原谅我的无知，我昨天开始学习python，之前根本没有编程经验。我确信这是一个简单的问题，但我似乎无法解决它。

听起来您有3个逻辑块：

独立LED控制

主LED控制

监视器LED指示灯控制

将代码解耦为函数，让我们将它们命名为

checkIndividualButton

、

checkMasterButton

和

updateMonitored

，每个逻辑块对应一个函数，然后从主循环调用它们

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# our 3 functions will go here, yet to be written

# setup pins here
all_leds = [???,???,???,???]

GPIO.setup blah blah blah

while True:
    checkIndividualButton(button_pin=17, led_pin=4)  # assuming button wired to pin 17 controls LED on pin 4
    checkIndividualButton(????, ????) # fill this in
    checkIndividualButton(????, ????) # fill this in
    checkIndividualButton(????, ????) # fill this in

    checkMasterButton(master_button_pin=26, monitor_led_pin=18, all_leds) # notice reference to all_leds which we setup above

    updateMonitorLed(all_leds, monitor_led_pin=18)

现在，您只需实现单个功能，每个功能只执行一项作业（TM）：

将此函数块粘贴到主程序的正确位置

---

免责声明：我没有测试过这个。有一些方法可以进一步优化和清理代码，如果您愿意，很高兴在评论中为您提供指导。

感谢@pbkhrv提供了非常有用的答案。 我从中学到了很多，并设法得到了一段完全符合我需要的代码

最后，我运行了两个python脚本，其中一个在按下按钮时更改pin状态：

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import webiopi
import time

GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

chan_list = (4,17,22,27)

GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(6, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(19, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(13, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(26, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(4,0)

GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(17,0)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(22,0)

GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(27,0)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(18,0)

while True:
#This portion is pin 4 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(5) == False:
        GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pin 17 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(6) == False:
        GPIO.output(17, not GPIO.input(17))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pin 22 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(19) == False:
        GPIO.output(22, not GPIO.input(22))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pin 27 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(13) == False:
        GPIO.output(27, not GPIO.input(27))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pins 4,17,22,27 as one control from physical switches. Toggles all on/off
# based on the current state of pin 18.
    if GPIO.input(26) == False:
        chan_list = (4,17,22,27)
        GPIO.output(18, not GPIO.input(18))
       # time.sleep(0.01)
        GPIO.output(chan_list, GPIO.input(18))
        time.sleep(0.3)

这是指示灯LED后的指示灯：

import webiopi
import time

GPIO = webiopi.GPIO

GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(4,0)

GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(17,0)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(22,0)

GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(27,0)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(18,0)

# loop function is repeatedly called by WebIOPi 
while True:
#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 4 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else: 
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 17 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else:
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 22 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else:
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 27 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else:
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

这两个python脚本在raspberry pi和webiopi启动时启动，webiopi为我提供了一个可以控制LED的web UI

这三件事结合在一起，给了我确切的目标和一个web界面，该界面根据每个LED的当前高或低状态实时更新按钮

---

这是一个概念证明，LED将很快被继电器取代，继电器将打开或关闭我家不同房间的扬声器，Raspberry Pi多房间音频控制器。raspberry pi还将是连接区域的音频源，支持airplay和蓝牙流媒体播放。

FYI，python为else if提供了一个名为

elif

的关键字。感谢@Hacketo，我已经用它来清理脚本了。

def checkIndividualButton(button_pin, led_pin):
    is_pressed = GPIO.input(button_pin)
    if is_pressed:
        GPIO.output(led_pin, not GPIO.input(led_pin))

def checkMasterButton(master_button_pin, monitor_led_pin, all_led_pins):
    is_pressed = GPIO.input(master_button_pin)
    if is_pressed:
        GPIO.output(monitor_led_pin, not GPIO.input(monitor_led_pin))
        time.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.output(all_led_pins, GPIO.input(monitor_led_pin))
        time.sleep(0.4)

def updateMonitorLed(all_leds_pins, monitor_led_pin):
    is_any_led_on = False
    for led_pin in all_leds_pins:
        if GPIO.input(led_pin):
            is_any_led_on = True
    GPIO.output(monitor_led_pin, is_any_led_on)
    time.sleep(0.1)

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import webiopi
import time

GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

chan_list = (4,17,22,27)

GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(6, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(19, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(13, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(26, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(4,0)

GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(17,0)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(22,0)

GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(27,0)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(18,0)

while True:
#This portion is pin 4 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(5) == False:
        GPIO.output(4, not GPIO.input(4))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pin 17 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(6) == False:
        GPIO.output(17, not GPIO.input(17))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pin 22 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(19) == False:
        GPIO.output(22, not GPIO.input(22))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pin 27 control from physical switches
    if GPIO.input(13) == False:
        GPIO.output(27, not GPIO.input(27))
        time.sleep(0.3)

#This portion is pins 4,17,22,27 as one control from physical switches. Toggles all on/off
# based on the current state of pin 18.
    if GPIO.input(26) == False:
        chan_list = (4,17,22,27)
        GPIO.output(18, not GPIO.input(18))
       # time.sleep(0.01)
        GPIO.output(chan_list, GPIO.input(18))
        time.sleep(0.3)

import webiopi
import time

GPIO = webiopi.GPIO

GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(4,0)

GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(17,0)

GPIO.setup(22,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(22,0)

GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(27,0)

GPIO.setup(18,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(18,0)

# loop function is repeatedly called by WebIOPi 
while True:
#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 4 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else: 
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 17 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else:
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 22 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else:
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)

#Block to control pin 18 state by pin 27 state
    if (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.HIGH):
        #webiopi.sleep(0.1)
        GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.HIGH)

    if (GPIO.digitalRead(27) == GPIO.LOW):
        webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        if (GPIO.digitalRead(4) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(17) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        elif (GPIO.digitalRead(22) == GPIO.HIGH):
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)
        else:
            GPIO.digitalWrite(18, GPIO.LOW)
            webiopi.sleep(0.01)