Python 附加具有不同变量的文件

我有以下格式的3个文件-

文件1：

ID Var1 Var2
001 5 10
002 12 6

文件2：

ID Var1 Var3 Var5
003 5 10 9
004 12 6 1

文件3：

ID Var3 Var4
005 5 10
006 12 6

我想要以下格式的输出

ID Var1 Var2 Var3 Var4 Var5
001 5 10 0 0 0
002 12 6 0 0 0
003 5 0 10 0 9
004 12 0 6 0 1
005 0 0 5 10 0
006 0 0 12 6 0

---

请让我知道如何在python中做到这一点，如前所述，您应该看看csv模块，下面是一些帮助您入门的内容

outfile = open("output.txt", 'w')
for file_ in os.listdir("\path\to\my\files"):
    with open(file_) as f:
        for line_number, line in enumerate(file_):
            if line_number > 0: #omit the headers
                outfile.write(line)

使用python操作文件似乎也是一个挑战，也许您可以搜索其中一些文件，看看其他人是如何操作的

#use fileinput module if you're reading multiple files at once
import fileinput
dic = {}         # initialize an empty dict. This swill be used to store the value of
                 # (id,var) pair fetched from the file.

for line in fileinput.input(['file1','file2','file3']):

    #if 'ID' is present in the line then it means it is the header line
    if 'ID' in line:
        vars = line.split()[1:] # extract the vars from it
                                # for file1 vars would be ['Var1', 'Var2']

    else:                            #else it is normal line
         spl =line.split()           # split the line at whitespaces
                                     # for the line '001 5 10\n' this would return
                                     # ['001', '5', '10'] 

        idx, vals = spl[0], spl[1:]  # assign the first value from spl 
                                     # to idx and rest to vals

        #now use zip to iterate over vars and vals, zip will return
        #item on the same index from the iterables passed to it.
        for x, y in zip(vars, vals): 
            dic[idx,x] = y          # use a tuple ('001','Var1') as key and 
                                    # assign the value '5' to it. Similarly
                                    # ('001','Var2') will be assigned '10'

#get a sorted list of unique vars and Ids
vars = sorted(set(item[1] for item in dic))
idxs = sorted(set(item[0] for item in dic), key = int)

print " ".join(vars)  #print header
# now iterate over the IDs and for each ID print the pick var from Vars and print the     
# value of  (id,Var),,, etc.
for x in idxs:
                     # dict.get will return the default value '0' if a 
                     # combination of (id,var) is not found in dict.
    print x," ".join(dic.get((x,y),'0') for y in vars)

    #use string formatting for better looking output.

输出：

Var1 Var2 Var3 Var4 Var5
001 5 10 0 0 0
002 12 6 0 0 0
003 5 0 10 0 9
004 12 0 6 0 1
005 0 0 5 10 0
006 0 0 12 6 0

---

要合并多个文件，可以使用类似这样的函数，利用Python的

defaultdict

：

def read_from_file(filename, dictionary):
    with open(filename) as f:
        lines = f.read().splitlines()
        head, body = lines[0].split(), lines[1:]
        for line in body:
            for i, item in enumerate(line.split()):
                if i == 0:
                    d = dictionary[item]
                else:
                    d[head[i]] = item

from collections import defaultdict
from pprint import pprint
d = defaultdict(defaultdict)
read_from_file("file1", d)
read_from_file("file2", d)
read_from_file("file3", d)
pprint(dict(d))

输出：

{'001': defaultdict(None, {'Var1': '5', 'Var2': '10'}),
 '002': defaultdict(None, {'Var1': '12', 'Var2': '6'}),
 '003': defaultdict(None, {'Var5': '9', 'Var1': '5', 'Var3': '10'}),
 '004': defaultdict(None, {'Var5': '1', 'Var1': '12', 'Var3': '6'}),
 '005': defaultdict(None, {'Var4': '10', 'Var3': '5'}),
 '006': defaultdict(None, {'Var4': '6', 'Var3': '12'})}

---

现在所要做的就是将这本字典作为一个表漂亮地打印出来。

欢迎使用堆栈溢出！看起来你想让我们为你写些代码。虽然许多用户愿意为陷入困境的程序员编写代码，但他们通常只在海报已经试图自己解决问题时才提供帮助。演示这项工作的一个好方法是，包括您迄今为止编写的代码、示例输入（如果有）、预期输出和实际获得的输出（控制台输出、堆栈跟踪、编译器错误——任何适用的）。您提供的详细信息越多，您可能收到的答案就越多。这些空格是在您的文件或选项卡中的值之间吗？你看过报纸了吗？它或多或少可以开箱即用。@TimPietzcker-这些是@MartijnPieters文件中的空格-我是python新手，因此获得有用函数的任何帮助都将非常有用appreciated@abhishekraghuvanshi当前位置如果你是新来的，我会从经历开始。