如何使用Python将整个文件目录复制到现有目录中?
从包含名为如何使用Python将整个文件目录复制到现有目录中?,python,shutil,copytree,Python,Shutil,Copytree,从包含名为bar(包含一个或多个文件)的目录和名为baz(也包含一个或多个文件)的目录中运行以下代码。确保没有名为foo的目录 import shutil shutil.copytree('bar', 'foo') shutil.copytree('baz', 'foo') 它将在以下情况下失败: $ python copytree_test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "copytree_test.py", line 5, in
bar
(包含一个或多个文件)的目录和名为baz
(也包含一个或多个文件)的目录中运行以下代码。确保没有名为foo
的目录
import shutil
shutil.copytree('bar', 'foo')
shutil.copytree('baz', 'foo')
它将在以下情况下失败:
$ python copytree_test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "copytree_test.py", line 5, in <module>
shutil.copytree('baz', 'foo')
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/shutil.py", line 110, in copytree
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/os.py", line 172, in makedirs
OSError: [Errno 17] File exists: 'foo'
我是否需要使用shutil.copy()
将baz
中的每个文件复制到foo
?(在我已经用shutil.copytree()
?)将“bar”的内容复制到“foo”之后)或者有更简单/更好的方法吗?:
由dst
命名的目标目录必须不存在;它将被创建,同时丢失父目录
我认为您最好的选择是
os.walk
第二个和所有后续目录、目录和文件,并对目录执行额外的copystat
。毕竟,正如文档中所解释的那样,copytree
正是这么做的。或者你可以copy
和copystat
每个目录/文件和os.listdir
而不是os.walk我认为最快最简单的方法是让python调用系统命令
例如
import os
cmd = '<command line call>'
os.system(cmd)
导入操作系统
cmd=''
操作系统(cmd)
Tar和gzip将目录升级。。。。在所需位置解压并解压目录
是吗?标准shutil.copytree
的这一限制似乎是武断和恼人的。解决方法:
import os, shutil
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if os.path.isdir(s):
shutil.copytree(s, d, symlinks, ignore)
else:
shutil.copy2(s, d)
请注意,它与标准的copytree不完全一致:
- 它不支持
src
树的根目录的symlinks
和ignore
参数李>
- 对于
src
的根级别的错误,它不会引发shutil.Error
李>
- 如果复制子树时出错,它将为该子树引发
shutil.Error
,而不是尝试复制其他子树并引发单个组合的shutil.Error
在atzz对函数的回答中,上述函数始终尝试将文件从源复制到目标,这一点略有改进
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
if not os.path.exists(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if os.path.isdir(s):
copytree(s, d, symlinks, ignore)
else:
if not os.path.exists(d) or os.stat(s).st_mtime - os.stat(d).st_mtime > 1:
shutil.copy2(s, d)
在我上面的实现中
- 创建输出目录(如果尚未存在)
- 通过递归调用我自己的方法来复制目录
- 当我们真正复制文件时,我只检查文件是否被修改
我们应该抄李>
我正在使用上述功能以及scons构建。这对我帮助很大,因为每次编译时,我可能不需要复制整个文件集。。但只有被修改的文件。一个受atzz和Mital Vora启发的合并文件:
#!/usr/bin/python
import os
import shutil
import stat
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks = False, ignore = None):
if not os.path.exists(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
lst = os.listdir(src)
if ignore:
excl = ignore(src, lst)
lst = [x for x in lst if x not in excl]
for item in lst:
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if symlinks and os.path.islink(s):
if os.path.lexists(d):
os.remove(d)
os.symlink(os.readlink(s), d)
try:
st = os.lstat(s)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
os.lchmod(d, mode)
except:
pass # lchmod not available
elif os.path.isdir(s):
copytree(s, d, symlinks, ignore)
else:
shutil.copy2(s, d)
- 与shutil.copytree的行为相同,具有符号链接和忽略参数
- 如果不存在,则创建目录目标结构
- 如果dst已存在,则不会失败
这是我对同一任务的看法:
import os, glob, shutil
def make_dir(path):
if not os.path.isdir(path):
os.mkdir(path)
def copy_dir(source_item, destination_item):
if os.path.isdir(source_item):
make_dir(destination_item)
sub_items = glob.glob(source_item + '/*')
for sub_item in sub_items:
copy_dir(sub_item, destination_item + '/' + sub_item.split('/')[-1])
else:
shutil.copy(source_item, destination_item)
这是从atzz提供的原始最佳答案中得到的启发,我刚刚添加了替换文件/文件夹逻辑。因此它实际上不会合并,而是删除现有文件/文件夹并复制新文件/文件夹:
import shutil
import os
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if os.path.exists(d):
try:
shutil.rmtree(d)
except Exception as e:
print e
os.unlink(d)
if os.path.isdir(s):
shutil.copytree(s, d, symlinks, ignore)
else:
shutil.copy2(s, d)
#shutil.rmtree(src)
取消对rmtree的注释,使其成为移动函数。以下是标准库的一部分解决方案:
from distutils.dir_util import copy_tree
copy_tree("/a/b/c", "/x/y/z")
请看这个类似的问题
- 参考-
这是一个受此线程启发的版本,它更接近于模仿
distutils.file\u util.copy\u file
updateonly
是一个bool,如果为True,则只复制修改日期比dst
中现有文件更新的文件,除非forceupdate
中列出,该文件将不考虑复制
ignore
和forceupdate
需要与src
相关的文件名或文件夹/文件名列表,并接受类似于glob
或fnmatch
的Unix样式通配符
该函数返回已复制的文件列表(如果dryrun
为True,则返回将被复制的文件列表)
以前的解决方案存在一些问题,src
可能会在没有任何通知或异常的情况下覆盖dst
我添加了一个predict\u error
方法来在复制之前预测错误。copytree
主要基于Cyrille Pontvieux的版本
使用predict\u error
首先预测所有错误是最好的,除非您希望看到在执行copytree
直到修复所有错误时一个接一个地引发异常
def predict_error(src, dst):
if os.path.exists(dst):
src_isdir = os.path.isdir(src)
dst_isdir = os.path.isdir(dst)
if src_isdir and dst_isdir:
pass
elif src_isdir and not dst_isdir:
yield {dst:'src is dir but dst is file.'}
elif not src_isdir and dst_isdir:
yield {dst:'src is file but dst is dir.'}
else:
yield {dst:'already exists a file with same name in dst'}
if os.path.isdir(src):
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
for e in predict_error(s, d):
yield e
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, overwrite=False):
'''
would overwrite if src and dst are both file
but would not use folder overwrite file, or viceverse
'''
if not overwrite:
errors = list(predict_error(src, dst))
if errors:
raise Exception('copy would overwrite some file, error detail:%s' % errors)
if not os.path.exists(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
lst = os.listdir(src)
if ignore:
excl = ignore(src, lst)
lst = [x for x in lst if x not in excl]
for item in lst:
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if symlinks and os.path.islink(s):
if os.path.lexists(d):
os.remove(d)
os.symlink(os.readlink(s), d)
try:
st = os.lstat(s)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
os.lchmod(d, mode)
except:
pass # lchmod not available
elif os.path.isdir(s):
copytree(s, d, symlinks, ignore)
else:
if not overwrite:
if os.path.exists(d):
continue
shutil.copy2(s, d)
这是我对这个问题的看法。我修改了copytree的源代码以保留原始功能,但现在当目录已经存在时,不会发生错误。我还对它进行了更改,这样它就不会覆盖现有文件,而是保留了两个副本,一个带有修改过的名称,因为这对我的应用程序很重要
import shutil
import os
def _copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
"""
This is an improved version of shutil.copytree which allows writing to
existing folders and does not overwrite existing files but instead appends
a ~1 to the file name and adds it to the destination path.
"""
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:
ignored_names = set()
if not os.path.exists(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
if name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
i = 1
while os.path.exists(dstname) and not os.path.isdir(dstname):
parts = name.split('.')
file_name = ''
file_extension = parts[-1]
# make a new file name inserting ~1 between name and extension
for j in range(len(parts)-1):
file_name += parts[j]
if j < len(parts)-2:
file_name += '.'
suffix = file_name + '~' + str(i) + '.' + file_extension
dstname = os.path.join(dst, suffix)
i+=1
try:
if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
_copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
else:
shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)
except (IOError, os.error) as why:
errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
# catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
# continue with other files
except BaseException as err:
errors.extend(err.args[0])
try:
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
except WindowsError:
# can't copy file access times on Windows
pass
except OSError as why:
errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:
raise BaseException(errors)
导入shutil
导入操作系统
def_copytree(src、dst、symlinks=False、ignore=None):
"""
这是shutil.copytree的改进版本,允许写入到
现有文件夹,不覆盖现有文件,而是附加
将~1添加到文件名并将其添加到目标路径。
"""
name=os.listdir(src)
如果“忽略”不是“无”:
忽略的名称=忽略(src,名称)
其他:
忽略_name=set()
如果操作系统路径不存在(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
shutil.copystat(src,dst)
错误=[]
对于名称中的名称:
如果忽略了\u名称中的名称:
持续
srcname=os.path.join(src,name)
dstname=os.path.join(dst,name)
i=1
当os.path.exists(dstname)而不是os.path.isdir(dstname)时:
零件=名称。拆分('.'))
文件名=“”
文件扩展名=零件[-1]
#创建一个新文件名,在名称和扩展名之间插入~1
对于范围内的j(透镜(零件)-1):
文件名+=零件[j]
如果jdef predict_error(src, dst):
if os.path.exists(dst):
src_isdir = os.path.isdir(src)
dst_isdir = os.path.isdir(dst)
if src_isdir and dst_isdir:
pass
elif src_isdir and not dst_isdir:
yield {dst:'src is dir but dst is file.'}
elif not src_isdir and dst_isdir:
yield {dst:'src is file but dst is dir.'}
else:
yield {dst:'already exists a file with same name in dst'}
if os.path.isdir(src):
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
for e in predict_error(s, d):
yield e
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, overwrite=False):
'''
would overwrite if src and dst are both file
but would not use folder overwrite file, or viceverse
'''
if not overwrite:
errors = list(predict_error(src, dst))
if errors:
raise Exception('copy would overwrite some file, error detail:%s' % errors)
if not os.path.exists(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
lst = os.listdir(src)
if ignore:
excl = ignore(src, lst)
lst = [x for x in lst if x not in excl]
for item in lst:
s = os.path.join(src, item)
d = os.path.join(dst, item)
if symlinks and os.path.islink(s):
if os.path.lexists(d):
os.remove(d)
os.symlink(os.readlink(s), d)
try:
st = os.lstat(s)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
os.lchmod(d, mode)
except:
pass # lchmod not available
elif os.path.isdir(s):
copytree(s, d, symlinks, ignore)
else:
if not overwrite:
if os.path.exists(d):
continue
shutil.copy2(s, d)
import shutil
import os
def _copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
"""
This is an improved version of shutil.copytree which allows writing to
existing folders and does not overwrite existing files but instead appends
a ~1 to the file name and adds it to the destination path.
"""
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:
ignored_names = set()
if not os.path.exists(dst):
os.makedirs(dst)
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
if name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
i = 1
while os.path.exists(dstname) and not os.path.isdir(dstname):
parts = name.split('.')
file_name = ''
file_extension = parts[-1]
# make a new file name inserting ~1 between name and extension
for j in range(len(parts)-1):
file_name += parts[j]
if j < len(parts)-2:
file_name += '.'
suffix = file_name + '~' + str(i) + '.' + file_extension
dstname = os.path.join(dst, suffix)
i+=1
try:
if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
_copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
else:
shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)
except (IOError, os.error) as why:
errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
# catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
# continue with other files
except BaseException as err:
errors.extend(err.args[0])
try:
shutil.copystat(src, dst)
except WindowsError:
# can't copy file access times on Windows
pass
except OSError as why:
errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:
raise BaseException(errors)
import os,shutil
def copydir(src, dst):
h = os.getcwd()
src = r"{}".format(src)
if not os.path.isdir(dst):
print("\n[!] No Such directory: ["+dst+"] !!!")
exit(1)
if not os.path.isdir(src):
print("\n[!] No Such directory: ["+src+"] !!!")
exit(1)
if "\\" in src:
c = "\\"
tsrc = src.split("\\")[-1:][0]
else:
c = "/"
tsrc = src.split("/")[-1:][0]
os.chdir(dst)
if os.path.isdir(tsrc):
print("\n[!] The Directory Is already exists !!!")
exit(1)
try:
os.mkdir(tsrc)
except WindowsError:
print("\n[!] Error: In[ {} ]\nPlease Check Your Dirctory Path !!!".format(src))
exit(1)
os.chdir(h)
files = []
for i in os.listdir(src):
files.append(src+c+i)
if len(files) > 0:
for i in files:
if not os.path.isdir(i):
shutil.copy2(i, dst+c+tsrc)
print("\n[*] Done ! :)")
copydir("c:\folder1", "c:\folder2")
# Recusively copies the content of the directory src to the directory dst.
# If dst doesn't exist, it is created, together with all missing parent directories.
# If a file from src already exists in dst, the file in dst is overwritten.
# Files already existing in dst which don't exist in src are preserved.
# Symlinks inside src are copied as symlinks, they are not resolved before copying.
#
def copy_dir(src, dst):
dst.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
for item in os.listdir(src):
s = src / item
d = dst / item
if s.is_dir():
copy_dir(s, d)
else:
shutil.copy2(str(s), str(d))
import shutil
shutil.copytree('bar', 'foo')
shutil.copytree('baz', 'foo', dirs_exist_ok=True)