Python 生成和取消生成画布小部件并同时移动它们

我试图通过一个简单的程序学习Python，该程序使用

tkinter

生成正方形。 将它们在画布上移动，然后将其拆下

2个问题

我该如何让他们失望？我找到了关于

canvas.destroy（）

方法的信息，但是或者它什么也不做，或者我得到了一个超出范围的错误

我创建了一个类，它创建了正方形，并在里面有一个移动函数。我通过一个按钮调用类实例上的move函数。 它正在工作，但现在我想一次给它们打电话，这样它们就可以独立移动了。问题是，如果我单击按钮，例如Nº2，已经移动的正方形（实例Nº1）将停止运行。 为什么？我怎样才能解决这个问题

这里我的代码只有汽车类我想其余的都不重要：（原谅我，如果它很愚蠢…我是新来的

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import time
import random

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Timer TrafficLight")
root.geometry("500x500")
# root.resizable(0,0)

canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width= 500, height= 500, bg="darkgray")
canvas.pack(anchor = "s")

class Street(object):

    img_street_vertical = tk.PhotoImage(file="Street_vertical.gif")
    img_street_horizontal = tk.PhotoImage(file="Street_horizontal.gif")

    def __init__(self, x, y, alignment):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.alignment = alignment
        self.img = self.set_img()
        self.street = canvas.create_image(self.x, self.y, image = self.img, anchor = "nw")

    def set_img(self):
        if self.alignment == "h":
            return self.img_street_horizontal
        elif self.alignment == "v":
            return self.img_street_vertical
        else:
            print ("Please set the alingment to eigher h or v ")

.
.
.


class TrafficLight(object):

    def __init__(self, rx1, ry1, rx2, ry2):
        #Trafficlight outer lines
        self.rx1 = rx1
        self.ry1 = ry1
        self.rx2 = rx2
        self.ry2 = ry2
        self.lines = canvas.create_rectangle(self.rx1, self.ry1, self.rx2, self.ry2)

        #Light Bulbs

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "gray"
        self.after_id = ""

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = "gray")
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = "gray")
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = "gray")

    def set_off(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "gray"


        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)


    def set_green(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "green"
        self.total_state = "green"

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)


    def set_yellow(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "yellow"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "yellow"

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)

    def set_red(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "red"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "red"

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)

    def timer(self):
        red_timer = 50
        yellow_timer = 40
        green_timer = 50

        if self.total_state == "gray":
            self.set_red()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(red_timer, self.timer)
        elif self.total_state == "red":
            self.set_green()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(green_timer, self.timer)
        elif self.total_state == "yellow":
            self.set_red()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(red_timer, self.timer)
        elif self.total_state ==  "green":
            self.set_yellow()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(yellow_timer, self.timer)
        else:
            messagebox.showerror("Error", "Traffic Light had invalid Value Initialisation only allows Values: gray,red,yellow or green")
            exit()

    def stop_timer(self):
        canvas.after_cancel(self.after_id)

    def walk(self):
        #need to include a "if" in case that state is "red" or "yellow" when the button is pressed.
        self.stop_timer()
        canvas.after(5000, self.set_yellow)
        canvas.after(5000, self.set_red)
        canvas.after(10000, self.timer)


class Car(object):

    spawns = ["left", "right", "top", "buttom"]

    xd = 0
    yd = 0

    def __init__(self):
        self.spawnpoint = random.choice(self.spawns)
        self.spawn_coords = self.spawn()
        self.square = canvas.create_rectangle(self.spawn_coords[0], self.spawn_coords[1], self.spawn_coords[2], self.spawn_coords[3], fill="red", tags = "test")
        self.coords = canvas.coords(self.square)

    def spawn(self):
        if self.spawnpoint == "left":
            return [10,260,40,270]
        elif self.spawnpoint == "right":
            return [485,220,455,230]
        elif self.spawnpoint == "top":
            return [220,10,230,40]
        elif self.spawnpoint == "buttom":
            return [260,485,270,455]
        else:
            print ("invalid spawn Point")
            exit()

    def move(self):
        while True:
            if self.spawnpoint == "left":
                self.xd = 5
                self.yd = 0

                if self.coords[2] + self.xd >= 500:
                    print ("Left reached")
                    return False

            elif self.spawnpoint == "right":
                self.xd = -5
                self.yd = 0

                if self.coords[0] + self.xd <= 0:
                    print ("Right reached")
                    return False

            elif self.spawnpoint == "top":
                self.xd = 0
                self.yd = 5

                if self.coords[3] + self.xd >= 500:
                    print ("top reached")
                    return False

            elif self.spawnpoint == "buttom":
                self.xd = 0
                self.yd = -5

                if self.coords[1] + self.xd <= 0:
                    print ("buttom reached")
                    return False

            else:
                print ("invalid spawn Point")
                exit()

            canvas.move(self.square, self.xd, self.yd)
            self.coords = canvas.coords(self.square)
            root.update()
            # canvas.after(500, self.move)
            time.sleep(.05)

        #X1 = 0
        #X2 = 2
        #y1 = 1
        #y2 = 3






#between x1 and x2 = 30 pixels
#between y and y2 = 65 pixels
l1 = TrafficLight(170, 140, 200, 205)
l2 = TrafficLight(300, 140, 330, 205)
l3 = TrafficLight(170, 295, 200, 360)
l4 = TrafficLight(300, 295, 330, 360)

s1= Street(0, 208, "v")
s2= Street(208, 0, "h")

c1= Car()
c2= Car()
c3= Car()
c4= Car()


m = Menus(root)

while True:
  c1.move()
  c2.move()
  c3.move()
  c4.move()
  time.sleep(.05)

root.mainloop()

将tkinter作为tk导入
从tkinter导入消息框
导入时间
随机输入
root=tk.tk（）
根标题（“计时器交通灯”）
根几何（“500x500”）
#根目录。可调整大小（0,0）
canvas=tk.canvas（根，宽度=500，高度=500，bg=“darkgray”）
canvas.pack（anchor=“s”）
类街道（对象）：
img_street_vertical=tk.PhotoImage（file=“street_vertical.gif”）
img_street_horizontal=tk.PhotoImage（file=“street_horizontal.gif”）
定义初始（自、x、y、对齐）：
self.x=x
self.y=y
自对准=对准
self.img=self.set_img（）
self.street=canvas.create_image（self.x，self.y，image=self.img，anchor=“nw”）
def设置（自我）：
如果self.alignment==“h”：
返回self.img_street_水平
elif self.alignment==“v”：
返回self.img_street_垂直
其他：
打印（“请将对齐设置为八个h或v”）
.
.
.
类交通灯（对象）：
定义初始化（self，rx1，ry1，rx2，ry2）：
#交通灯外线
self.rx1=rx1
self.ry1=ry1
self.rx2=rx2
self.ry2=ry2
self.lines=canvas.create_矩形（self.rx1、self.ry1、self.rx2、self.ry2）
#灯泡
self.top\u state=“灰色”
self.middle_state=“灰色”
self.under_state=“灰色”
self.total_state=“灰色”
self.after_id=“”
self.top\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+5、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+20、fill=“灰色”）
self.middle\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+25、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+40、fill=“灰色”）
self.under_bulb=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+45、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+60、fill=“灰色”）
def设置（自身）：
canvas.delete（self.top\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.middle\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.under_bulb）
self.top\u state=“灰色”
self.middle_state=“灰色”
self.under_state=“灰色”
self.total_state=“灰色”
self.top\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+5、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+20、填充=self.top\u状态）
self.middle\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+25、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+40、填充=self.middle\u状态）
self.under\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5，self.ry1+45，self.rx1+25，self.ry1+60，填充=self.under\u状态）
def设置为绿色（自）：
canvas.delete（self.top\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.middle\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.under_bulb）
self.top\u state=“灰色”
self.middle_state=“灰色”
self.under_state=“绿色”
self.total_state=“绿色”
self.top\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+5、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+20、填充=self.top\u状态）
self.middle\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+25、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+40、填充=self.middle\u状态）
self.under\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5，self.ry1+45，self.rx1+25，self.ry1+60，填充=self.under\u状态）
def设置为黄色（自）：
canvas.delete（self.top\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.middle\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.under_bulb）
self.top\u state=“灰色”
self.middle_state=“黄色”
self.under_state=“灰色”
self.total_state=“黄色”
self.top\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+5、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+20、填充=self.top\u状态）
self.middle\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+25、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+40、填充=self.middle\u状态）
self.under\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5，self.ry1+45，self.rx1+25，self.ry1+60，填充=self.under\u状态）
def设置为红色（自）：
canvas.delete（self.top\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.middle\u灯泡）
canvas.delete（self.under_bulb）
self.top\u state=“红色”
self.middle_state=“灰色”
self.under_state=“灰色”
self.total_state=“红色”
self.top\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆形（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+5、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+20、填充=self.top\u状态）
self.middle\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5、self.ry1+25、self.rx1+25、self.ry1+40、填充=self.middle\u状态）
self.under\u灯泡=画布。创建椭圆（self.rx1+5，self.ry1+45，self.rx1+25，self.ry1+60，填充=self.under\u状态）
def定时器（自）：
红色定时器=50
黄色定时器=40
绿色定时器=50
如果self.total_state==“灰色”：
self.set_red（）
self.after\u id=canvas.after（红色计时器，self.timer）
elif self.total_state==“红色”：
self.set_green（）
self.after\u id=canvas.after（绿色定时器，self.timer）
elif self.total_state==“黄色”：
self.set_red（）
self.after\u id=canvas.after（红色计时器，self.timer）
elif self.total_state==“绿色”：
self.set_yellow（）
self.after\u id=canvas.after（黄色计时器，self.timer）
其他：
messagebox.showerror（“错误”，
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import time
import random

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Timer Traffic-Light")
root.geometry("500x500")

canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=500, height=500, bg="darkgray")
canvas.pack(anchor="s")

class Street(object):

    img_street_vertical = tk.PhotoImage(file="Street_vertical.gif")
    img_street_horizontal = tk.PhotoImage(file="Street_horizontal.gif")

    def __init__(self, x, y, alignment):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.alignment = alignment
        self.img = self.set_img()
        self.street = canvas.create_image(self.x, self.y, image=self.img, anchor="nw")

    def set_img(self):
        if self.alignment == "h":
            return self.img_street_horizontal
        elif self.alignment == "v":
            return self.img_street_vertical
        else:
            print ("Please set the alingment to eigher h or v ")


class TrafficLight(object):

    def __init__(self, rx1, ry1, rx2, ry2):
        #Trafficlight outer lines
        self.rx1 = rx1
        self.ry1 = ry1
        self.rx2 = rx2
        self.ry2 = ry2
        self.lines = canvas.create_rectangle(self.rx1, self.ry1, self.rx2, self.ry2)

        #Light Bulbs

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "gray"
        self.after_id = ""

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = "gray")
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = "gray")
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = "gray")

    def set_off(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "gray"


        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)


    def set_green(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "green"
        self.total_state = "green"

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)


    def set_yellow(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "gray"
        self.middle_state = "yellow"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "yellow"

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)

    def set_red(self):
        canvas.delete(self.top_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.middle_bulb)
        canvas.delete(self.under_bulb)

        self.top_state = "red"
        self.middle_state = "gray"
        self.under_state = "gray"
        self.total_state = "red"

        self.top_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 5, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 20, fill = self.top_state)
        self.middle_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 25, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 40, fill = self.middle_state)
        self.under_bulb = canvas.create_oval(self.rx1 + 5, self.ry1 + 45, self.rx1 + 25, self.ry1 + 60, fill = self.under_state)

    def timer(self):
        red_timer = 50
        yellow_timer = 40
        green_timer = 50

        if self.total_state == "gray":
            self.set_red()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(red_timer, self.timer)
        elif self.total_state == "red":
            self.set_green()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(green_timer, self.timer)
        elif self.total_state == "yellow":
            self.set_red()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(red_timer, self.timer)
        elif self.total_state ==  "green":
            self.set_yellow()
            self.after_id = canvas.after(yellow_timer, self.timer)
        else:
            messagebox.showerror("Error", "Traffic Light had invalid Value Initialisation only allows Values: gray,red,yellow or green")
            exit()

    def stop_timer(self):
        canvas.after_cancel(self.after_id)

    def walk(self):
        #need to include a "if" in case that state is "red" or "yellow" when the button is pressed.
        self.stop_timer()
        canvas.after(5000, self.set_yellow)
        canvas.after(5000, self.set_red)
        canvas.after(10000, self.timer)
class Car(object):

    spawns = ["left", "right", "top", "buttom"]

    xd = 0
    yd = 0

    def __init__(self):
        self.spawnpoint = random.choice(self.spawns)
        self.spawn_coords = self.spawn()
        self.square = canvas.create_rectangle(self.spawn_coords[0], self.spawn_coords[1], self.spawn_coords[2], self.spawn_coords[3], fill="red", tags = "test")
        self.coords = canvas.coords(self.square)

    def spawn(self):
        if self.spawnpoint == "left":
            return [10,260,40,270]
        elif self.spawnpoint == "right":
            return [485,220,455,230]
        elif self.spawnpoint == "top":
            return [220,10,230,40]
        elif self.spawnpoint == "buttom":
            return [260,485,270,455]
        else:
            print ("invalid spawn Point")
            exit()

    def move(self):
        if self.spawnpoint == "left":
            self.xd = 5
            self.yd = 0 
        if self.coords[2] + self.xd >= 500:
                print ("Left reached")
                return False
        elif self.spawnpoint == "right":
            self.xd = -5
            self.yd = 0
            if self.coords[0] + self.xd <= 0:
                print ("Right reached")
                return False
        elif self.spawnpoint == "top":
            self.xd = 0
            self.yd = 5
            if self.coords[3] + self.xd >= 500:
                print ("top reached")
                return False
        elif self.spawnpoint == "buttom":
            self.xd = 0
            self.yd = -5
            if self.coords[1] + self.xd <= 0:
                print ("buttom reached")
                return False
        else:
            print ("invalid spawn Point")
            root.after_forget(self.move)
        canvas.move(self.square, self.xd, self.yd)
        self.coords = canvas.coords(self.square)
        root.after(100, self.move)


l1 = TrafficLight(170, 140, 200, 205)
l2 = TrafficLight(300, 140, 330, 205)
l3 = TrafficLight(170, 295, 200, 360)
l4 = TrafficLight(300, 295, 330, 360)

s1= Street(0, 208, "v")
s2= Street(208, 0, "h")

c1= Car()
c2= Car()
c3= Car()
c4= Car()


def move_cars():
    for car in [c1, c2, c3, c4]:
        car.move()

move_cars()

root.mainloop()