Tkinter：在画布窗口中嵌入填充的帧

由于tkinter框架小部件不支持滚动，我的初学者自己决定探索使用画布来容纳先前填充的框架的可能性。在下面重现的代码中，有两个问题我无法解决：为什么最左上方的小部件占用如此大的空间；为什么应用程序占用了所有可用的屏幕空间，甚至缩短了小部件，因此没有显示滚动滑块。欢迎所有建议

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from tkinter import *
class Calc_Table(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root, cols, rows):
        Frame.__init__(self, master=root)
        self.cols = cols
        self.rows = rows
        hscrollbar = Scrollbar(orient=HORIZONTAL)
        hscrollbar.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = EW)
        vscrollbar = Scrollbar(orient=VERTICAL)
        vscrollbar.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = NS)
        self.canvas = Canvas(self, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set, yscrollcommand =                     vscrollbar.set,bg='yellow')
        self.canvas.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = NSEW)
        self.canvas.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self.canvas.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        hscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)
        vscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)
        self.initial_table = self.create_table(self.cols,self.rows)
        self.canvas_frame = self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, window = self.initial_table,
                                                  width=400, height=200, anchor=NW)
        self.canvas.update_idletasks()
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion = self.canvas.bbox('all'))

    def create_table(self, cols, rows):             # build initial table ---->
        self.cols, self.rows = cols, rows
        for c in range(self.cols):         
            for r in range(self.rows):
                if c == 0 and r == 0:
                    self.lbl = Label(self, width=6, height=1, bg="white",
                                text="? ? ?", relief=RAISED)
                    self.lbl.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=NSEW)
                elif c == 0 and r != 0:
                    self.lbl = Label(self, width=6, height=1, bg="white", 
                                text=f"R{r}",relief=RAISED)
                    self.lbl.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=NSEW)
                elif c != 0 and r == 0:
                    self.lbl = Label(self, width=6, height=1, bg="white",
                                text=f"C{c}",relief=RAISED)
                    self.lbl.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=NSEW)
                else:
                    self.txt =Text(self, width=6, height=1, bg="white",
                               relief=SUNKEN)
                    self.txt.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=NSEW)
        for c in range(self.cols):
            self.grid_columnconfigure(c, weight=1)
                for r in range(self.rows):
                    self.grid_rowconfigure(r, weight=1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cols = int(input("How many columns? "))
    assert isinstance(int(cols), int), "integers only, please"
    rows = int(input("How many rows? "))
    assert isinstance(int(rows), int), "integers only, please"
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("+10+10")
    root.title("Master Table")
    root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
    root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
    my_table = Calc_Table(root, cols, rows)
    my_table.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=NSEW)
    my_table.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
    my_table.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) 
    root.mainloop()

---

下面请查找已修改的代码，但画布中的框架和小部件仍无法展开：

from tkinter import *
class Calc_Table(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root, cols, rows):
        Frame.__init__(self, master=root)
        self.cols = cols
        self.rows = rows
        hscrollbar = Scrollbar(orient=HORIZONTAL)
        hscrollbar.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = EW)
        vscrollbar = Scrollbar(orient=VERTICAL)
        vscrollbar.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = NS)
        self.canvas = Canvas(self, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set,      yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, bg='yellow')
        self.canvas.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = NSEW)
        self.canvas.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self.canvas.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        hscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)
        vscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)

        self.table_frame = self.create_table(self.cols,self.rows)
        self.canvas_frame = self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, window = self.table_frame, anchor=NW)
        self.canvas.update_idletasks()
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion = self.canvas.bbox('all'))
        print(self.canvas.find_all())          #check canvas slaves
        print(len(self.table_frame.grid_slaves()))   #check table_frame slaves

    def create_table(self, cols, rows):     # build initial table ---->
        self.table_frame = Frame(self.canvas)
        self.table_frame.grid(column = 0, row = 0, sticky = NSEW)
        self.cols, self.rows = cols, rows
        for c in range(self.cols):
            for r in range(self.rows):
                if c == 0 and r == 0:
                    self.lbl = Label(self.table_frame, width=6, height=1, bg="white",text="? ? ?", relief=RAISED)
                    self.lbl.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1,sticky=NSEW)
                elif c == 0 and r != 0:
                    self.lbl = Label(self.table_frame, width=6, height=1, bg="white", text=f"R{r}",relief=RAISED)
                    self.lbl.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1,sticky=NSEW)
                elif c != 0 and r == 0:
                    self.lbl = Label(self.table_frame, width=6, height=1, bg="white",text=f"C{c}",relief=RAISED)
                    self.lbl.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1,sticky=NSEW)
                else:
                    self.txt =Text(self.table_frame, width=6, height=1, bg="white", relief=SUNKEN)
                    self.txt.grid(column=c, row=r, padx=1, pady=1,sticky=NSEW)
        self.table_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.table_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        for c in range(self.cols):
              self.table_frame.grid_columnconfigure(c, weight=1)
            for r in range(self.rows):
              self.table_frame.grid_rowconfigure(r, weight=1)  # end table
        return self.table_frame

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cols = int(input("How many columns? "))
    assert isinstance(int(cols), int), "integers only, please"
    rows = int(input("How many rows? "))
    assert isinstance(int(rows), int), "integers only, please"
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("+10+10")
    root.title("Master Table")
    root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
    root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
    my_table = Calc_Table(root, cols, rows)
    my_table.configure(bg = "green")
    my_table.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=NSEW)
    my_table.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
    my_table.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) 
    root.mainloop()

为什么最左上方的小部件占用如此大的空间

主要原因是画布位于

self

的第0行、第0列，画布的默认大小约为200像素。如果更改画布的高度，您将看到行的大小更改的幅度相同

另一个问题是，您在

create\u table

中创建的所有小部件都被赋予

self

作为主部件。如果您试图创建一个可滚动的表格，那么这些表格必须是画布内框架的子项

为什么应用程序占用了所有可用的屏幕空间，甚至缩短了小部件，因此没有显示滚动滑块

出于与之前相同的原因-

create_table

将小部件放在根窗口中，并将它们放在与滚动条相同的行和列中

---

你做错的最根本的事情是你没有在画布中创建一个框架。您需要在

create_table

中创建一个框架，将

create_table

中的所有其他小部件放在该框架内，然后确保

create_table

返回该框架

def create_table(self, cols, rows):
    table_frame = Frame(self.canvas)
    ...
            self.lbl = Label(table_frame, ...)
    ...
    return table_frame

---

有些缩进是你的代码是正确的。范围内的r（self.rows）应该处于什么级别？我按照您的建议更改了代码；毫不奇怪，它确实起了作用。不幸的是，为了获得滚动效果，会丢失扩展：画布中的帧及其子帧不会扩展，即使我在适当的地方喷涂了grid_columnconfigure和grid_rowconfigure。谢谢您的支持。@user2328909:框架应该展开或收缩以适合其内容，除非您正在采取措施防止这种情况发生。但是，您明确设置了内部框架的大小，因此它不能增长或收缩。我确实删除了大小参数，但结果是相同的。我还编辑了第一篇文章，以便添加代码的修订版本。我深入研究了一下，发现需要一个canvas itemconfig，以使内部框架的大小与canvas的大小保持一致。工作完成了。这是无价的帮助。