Python 向pygame添加带有按钮的菜单

很长一段时间以来，我一直在尝试为我的游戏添加菜单，但它没有出现。有一个屏幕出现，但是它是空的，只有文字，没有按钮，所以无论我点击哪里，它都会带我到同一个页面。就像一个屏幕显示，但按钮没有出现，我不知道为什么。如何为选项添加按钮

background = pygame.image.load('background.png')
backgroundX = 0
backgroundX2 = background.get_width()
homeScreen = pygame.image.load('home_screen.png')
obstacle = pygame.image.load('obstacle.png')
obstacleX = 0
obstacleX2 = obstacle.get_width()
instructions = pygame.image.load('instructions.png')

# frame rate
clock = pygame.time.Clock()


# use procedure for game window rather than using it within loop
def redrawGameWindow():
    # background images for right to left moving screen
    screen.blit(background, (backgroundX, 0))
    screen.blit(background, (backgroundX2, 0))
    man.draw(screen)
    screen.blit(obstacle, (obstacleX, 400))
    screen.blit(obstacle, (obstacleX2, 400))
    pygame.display.flip()
    pygame.display.update()


# create class for character (object)
class player(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height):  # initialize attributes
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.left = True
        self.right = True
        self.isJump = False
        self.stepCount = 0
        self.jumpCount = 10
        self.standing = True

    def draw(self, screen):
        if self.stepCount + 1 >= 27:  # 9 sprites, with 3 frames - above 27 goes out of range
            self.stepCount = 0

        if not self.standing:
            if self.left:
                screen.blit(leftDirection[self.stepCount // 5], (self.x, self.y), )
                self.stepCount += 1
            elif self.right:
                screen.blit(rightDirection[self.stepCount // 5], (self.x, self.y), )
                self.stepCount += 1
        else:
            if self.right:
                screen.blit(rightDirection[0], (self.x, self.y))  # using index, include right faced photo
            else:
                screen.blit(leftDirection[0], (self.x, self.y))


class enlargement(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, radius, color, facing):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.radius = radius
        self.color = color
        self.facing = facing

    def draw(self, screen):
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color, (self.x, self.y), self.radius, 1)


man = player(200, 313, 64, 64)

font = pygame.font.Font(None, 75)  # font for home screen
instructionsFont = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)  # font for instructions page

# HOME SCREEN

font = pygame.font.Font(None, 75)  # font for home screen
instructionsFont = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)  # font for instructions page

display_instructions = True
homePage = 1
play_page = 2

done = False

while not done and display_instructions:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            homePage += 1
            if homePage == 3:
                display_instructions = False

    # background
    screen.blit(homeScreen, (0, 0))

    if homePage == 1:
        text = font.render("Star Keeper", True, white)
        screen.blit(text, [115, 40])

        text = font.render("Home", True, white)
        screen.blit(text, [180, 130])

        text = font.render("Instructions", True, white)
        screen.blit(text, [100, 220])

        text = font.render("Play", True, white)
        screen.blit(text, [200, 300])

    if homePage == 2:
        # Draw instructions, page 2
        text1 = instructionsFont.render("Welcome to Star Keeper", True, white)
        text2 = instructionsFont.render("The objective of the game", True, white)
        text3 = instructionsFont.render("is to jump over obstacles using ", True, white)
        text4 = instructionsFont.render("the space key. Hitting an obstacle", True, white)
        text5 = instructionsFont.render("will cause you to lose. Good luck!", True, white)

        screen.blit(text1, [130, 50])
        screen.blit(text2, [130, 100])
        screen.blit(text3, [93, 150])
        screen.blit(text4, [93, 200])
        screen.blit(text5, [93, 250])

    # Limit to 60 frames per second
    clock.tick(60)

    # Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
    pygame.display.flip()
    pygame.display.update()

#  main loop

speed = 30  # NEW
man = player(200, 410, 64, 64)  # set main character attributes
run = True
while run:
        screen.fill(white)

        clock.tick(30)
        pygame.display.update()
        redrawGameWindow()  # call procedure
        clock.tick(speed)  # NEW
        backgroundX -= 1.4  # Move both background images back
        backgroundX2 -= 1.4
        obstacleX -= 1.4
        obstacleX2 -= 1.4

        if backgroundX < background.get_width() * -1:  # If our background is at the -width then reset its position
            backgroundX = background.get_width()

        if backgroundX2 < background.get_width() * -1:
            backgroundX2 = background.get_width()

        if obstacleX < obstacle.get_width() * -10:
            obstacleX = obstacle.get_width

        if obstacleX2 < obstacle.get_width() * -10:
            obstacleX2 = obstacle.get_width()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            man.left = True
            man.right = False
            man.standing = False  # false, because man is walking
        # verify that character is within window parameters
        elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            man.right = True
            man.left = False
            man.standing = False  # false, because man is walking
        else:
            man.standing = True
            man.stepCount = 0

        if not man.isJump:
            if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
                man.isJump = True  # when jumping, man shouldn't move directly left or right
                man.right = False
                man.left = False
                man.stepCount = 0
        else:
            if man.jumpCount >= -10:
                neg = 1
                if man.jumpCount < 0:
                    neg = -1
                man.y -= (man.jumpCount ** 2) * .5 * neg  # to jump use parabola
                man.jumpCount -= 1
            else:
                man.isJump = False
                man.jumpCount = 10

pygame.quit()

background=pygame.image.load（'background.png'）
背景x=0
backgroundX2=background.get_width（）
homeScreen=pygame.image.load（'home\u screen.png'））
障碍=pygame.image.load（'barrier.png'）
obstacleX=0
obstacleX2=障碍物。获取_宽度（）
instructions=pygame.image.load（'instructions.png'）
#帧速率
clock=pygame.time.clock（）
#使用游戏窗口的过程，而不是在循环中使用它
def重画游戏窗口（）：
#从右向左移动屏幕的背景图像
屏幕blit（背景（背景x，0））
屏幕blit（背景（背景x2，0））
人.画（屏幕）
屏幕blit（障碍物，（障碍物，400））
屏幕blit（障碍物，（障碍物2400））
pygame.display.flip（）
pygame.display.update（）
#为角色（对象）创建类
类播放器（对象）：
定义初始化（self、x、y、width、height）：#初始化属性
self.x=x
self.y=y
self.width=宽度
自我高度=高度
self.left=True
self.right=True
self.isJump=False
self.stepCount=0
self.jumpCount=10
自立
def提取（自身，屏幕）：
如果self.stepCount+1>=27:#9个精灵，3帧-大于27超出范围
self.stepCount=0
如果不是自立的：
如果self.left：
blit（leftDirection[self.stepCount//5]，（self.x，self.y），）
self.stepCount+=1
elif self.right：
blit（rightDirection[self.stepCount//5]，（self.x，self.y），）
self.stepCount+=1
其他：
如果你是对的：
screen.blit（righdirection[0]，（self.x，self.y））#使用索引，包括右面照片
其他：
blit（左方向[0]，（self.x，self.y））
类放大（对象）：
定义初始（自、x、y、半径、颜色、面）：
self.x=x
self.y=y
自半径=半径
self.color=颜色
自我面对
def提取（自身，屏幕）：
pygame.draw.circle（屏幕，self.color，（self.x，self.y），self.radius，1）
男子=运动员（200、313、64、64）
font=pygame.font.font（无，75）#主屏幕字体
说明font=pygame.font.font（无，30）#说明页的字体
#主屏幕
font=pygame.font.font（无，75）#主屏幕字体
说明font=pygame.font.font（无，30）#说明页的字体
显示指令=真
首页=1
播放页面=2
完成=错误
未完成时，显示\u说明：
对于pygame.event.get（）中的事件：
如果event.type==pygame.QUIT：
完成=正确
如果event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN：
首页+=1
如果主页==3：
显示\u指令=错误
#背景
屏幕blit（主屏幕，（0,0））
如果主页==1：
text=font.render（“星星守护者”，真，白色）
blit（文本，[115,40]）
text=font.render（“主”，真，白色）
blit（文本，[180130]）
text=font.render（“说明”，真，白色）
blit（文本，[100220]）
text=font.render（“播放”，真，白色）
blit（文本，[200300]）
如果主页==2：
#绘图说明，第2页
text1=instructionsFont.render（“欢迎来到星际守护者”，真，白色）
text2=instructionsFont.render（“游戏的目标”，真，白色）
text3=instructionsFont.render（“是使用”，True，white跳过障碍物）
text4=instructionsFont.render（“空格键。遇到障碍物”，真，白色）
text5=instructionsFont.render（“将导致您失败。祝您好运！”，真，白色）
screen.blit（text1[130,50]）
screen.blit（text2[130100]）
screen.blit（text3[93150]）
screen.blit（text4[93200]）
screen.blit（text5[93250]）
#限制为每秒60帧
时钟滴答（60）
#继续，用我们绘制的内容更新屏幕。
pygame.display.flip（）
pygame.display.update（）
#主回路
速度=30#新
男=玩家（200410,64,64）#设置主要角色属性
运行=真
运行时：
屏幕填充（白色）
时钟滴答（30）
pygame.display.update（）
重画GameWindow（）#调用过程
时钟。滴答声（速度）#新
backgroundX-=1.4#将两幅背景图像向后移动
背景x2-=1.4
obstacleX-=1.4
障碍2-=1.4
如果backgroundX#!/usr/bin/env python3

import pygame

# --- constants --- (UPPER_CASE_NAMES)

WHITE = (255,255,255)
BLACK = (  0,  0,  0)

RED   = (255,  0,  0)
GREEN = (  0,255,  0)
BLUE  = (  0,  0,255)

YELLOW = (255,255, 0)

# --- classes --- (CamelCaseNanes)

# empty

# --- functions --- (lower_case_names_

def button_create(text, rect, inactive_color, active_color, action):

    font = pygame.font.Font(None, 40)

    button_rect = pygame.Rect(rect)

    text = font.render(text, True, BLACK)
    text_rect = text.get_rect(center=button_rect.center)

    return [text, text_rect, button_rect, inactive_color, active_color, action, False]


def button_check(info, event):

    text, text_rect, rect, inactive_color, active_color, action, hover = info

    if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
        # hover = True/False   
        info[-1] = rect.collidepoint(event.pos)

    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        if hover and action:      
            action()


def button_draw(screen, info):

    text, text_rect, rect, inactive_color, active_color, action, hover = info

    if hover:
        color = active_color
    else:
        color = inactive_color

    pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, rect)
    screen.blit(text, text_rect)

# ---

def on_click_button_1():
    global stage
    stage = 'game'

    print('You clicked Button 1')

def on_click_button_2():
    global stage
    stage = 'options'

    print('You clicked Button 2')

def on_click_button_3():
    global stage
    global running

    stage = 'exit'
    running = False

    print('You clicked Button 3')

def on_click_button_return():
    global stage
    stage = 'menu'

    print('You clicked Button Return')

# --- main ---  (lower_case_names)

# - init -

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

# - objects -

stage = 'menu'

button_1 = button_create("GAME", (300, 100, 200, 75), RED, GREEN, on_click_button_1)
button_2 = button_create("OPTIONS", (300, 200, 200, 75), RED, GREEN, on_click_button_2)
button_3 = button_create("EXIT", (300, 300, 200, 75), RED, GREEN, on_click_button_3)

button_return = button_create("RETURN", (300, 400, 200, 75), RED, GREEN, on_click_button_return)

# - mainloop -

running = True

while running:

    # - events -

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

        if stage == 'menu':
            button_check(button_1, event)
            button_check(button_2, event)
            button_check(button_3, event)
        elif stage == 'game':
            button_check(button_return, event)
        elif stage == 'options':
            button_check(button_return, event)
        #elif stage == 'exit':
        #    pass

    # - draws -

    screen.fill(BLACK)

    if stage == 'menu':
        button_draw(screen, button_1)
        button_draw(screen, button_2)
        button_draw(screen, button_3)
    elif stage == 'game':
        button_draw(screen, button_return)
    elif stage == 'options':
        button_draw(screen, button_return)
    #elif stage == 'exit':
    #    pass

    pygame.display.update()

# - end -

pygame.quit()