Python 带网格的tkinter画布滚动条？

Tkinter和Python相对较新。请容忍我

我试图显示以下GUI，希望在Frame2中有一个滚动条，一次只显示5x5个按钮。看起来Tkinter框架不支持滚动条，因此在父框架“FMas”中添加了一个画布（框架嵌入其中）和一个滚动条。但由于某些原因，滚动条会转到屏幕的右端，不会进行任何滚动

画布不应该在Frame2的边缘结束，滚动条不应该就在它旁边吗？此外，我还尝试rowspan增加滚动条的高度，以匹配5x5按钮的高度。那也不行

代码（使用Python3.2）：

---

滚动条的高度与按钮框的高度不匹配，因为您没有告诉滚动条粘贴南北

.grid（…，sticky='ns'）

然后，您想要实现的滚动行为如下所述：

另请参见@的答案，了解更通用的2D滚动（水平和垂直）面向对象解决方案

---

虽然这是一个有点过时的问题，但这里有一个不同的答案，它不使用

tkinter

事件处理，从而避免了不必要的开销

虽然代码是从OP派生的，但我对代码格式做了一些更改，使其更好地符合规范，这导致许多变量名被更改。我还修改了架构，使应用程序成为root

tkinter.Tk

windowwidget类的子类。我这样做的目的是希望结果更容易理解，并为编写类似的基于

tkinter

的应用程序提供更好的模板

与@的答案类似，它将

画布

和每个

滚动条

小部件嵌套在另一个

框架

中，这样就可以使用

tkinter

的

grid（）

布局管理器轻松地将它们垂直和水平放置在一起

该代码已进一步扩展，因此网格也有一个水平滚动条，允许在该方向以及垂直方向滚动其内容

import tkinter as tk

LABEL_BG = "#ccc"  # Light gray.
ROWS, COLS = 10, 6  # Size of grid.
ROWS_DISP = 3  # Number of rows to display.
COLS_DISP = 4  # Number of columns to display.

class MyApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, title="Sample App", *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.title(title)
        self.configure(background="Gray")
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        master_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="Light Blue", bd=3, relief=tk.RIDGE)
        master_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)
        master_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        label1 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame1 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label1.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        frame1 = tk.Frame(master_frame, bg="Green", bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
        frame1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        cb_var1 = tk.IntVar()
        checkbutton1 = tk.Checkbutton(frame1, text="StartCheckBox", variable=cb_var1)
        checkbutton1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=2)

        label2 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame2 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label2.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        # Create a frame for the canvas and scrollbar(s).
        frame2 = tk.Frame(master_frame)
        frame2.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        # Add a canvas in that frame.
        canvas = tk.Canvas(frame2, bg="Yellow")
        canvas.grid(row=0, column=0)

        # Create a vertical scrollbar linked to the canvas.
        vsbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame2, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=canvas.yview)
        vsbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.NS)
        canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=vsbar.set)

        # Create a horizontal scrollbar linked to the canvas.
        hsbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame2, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, command=canvas.xview)
        hsbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)
        canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=hsbar.set)

        # Create a frame on the canvas to contain the buttons.
        buttons_frame = tk.Frame(canvas, bg="Red", bd=2)

        # Add the buttons to the frame.
        for i in range(1, ROWS+1):
            for j in range(1, COLS+1):
                button = tk.Button(buttons_frame, padx=7, pady=7, relief=tk.RIDGE,
                                   text="[%d, %d]" % (i, j))
                button.grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='news')

        # Create canvas window to hold the buttons_frame.
        canvas.create_window((0,0), window=buttons_frame, anchor=tk.NW)

        buttons_frame.update_idletasks()  # Needed to make bbox info available.
        bbox = canvas.bbox(tk.ALL)  # Get bounding box of canvas with Buttons.
        #print('canvas.bbox(tk.ALL): {}'.format(bbox))

        # Define the scrollable region as entire canvas with only the desired
        # number of rows and columns displayed.
        w, h = bbox[2]-bbox[1], bbox[3]-bbox[1]
        dw, dh = int((w/COLS) * COLS_DISP), int((h/ROWS) * ROWS_DISP)
        canvas.configure(scrollregion=bbox, width=dw, height=dh)

        label3 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame3 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label3.grid(row=4, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        frame3 = tk.Frame(master_frame, bg="Blue", bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
        frame3.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        cb_var2 = tk.IntVar()
        checkbutton2 = tk.Checkbutton(frame3, text="EndCheckBox", variable=cb_var2)
        checkbutton2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp("Scrollable Canvas")
    app.mainloop()

以下是跑步的感觉：

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效果很好！谢谢。还有一个问题。为什么我必须绑定resize函数来配置frame_按钮的更改？为什么在用按钮填充框架后，我只写“Can1.configure（scrollregion=Can1.bbox（“all”）、width=235、height=190）”时它就不起作用了。PS：我试过了，但失败了。Josselin：经过一些实验，我发现你不需要定义一个函数，也不需要将它绑定到

框架按钮上。只需调用
frame\u按钮。在调用
Can1.configure（scrollregion=Can1.bbox（“全部”）、width=235、height=190）之前更新\u idletasks（）
。您还可以从
Can1.bbox（“all”）
返回的边界框中计算宽度和高度值，而不是像以前那样对它们进行硬编码。@martineau:没错，
“
事件绑定是不必要的，对小部件大小的计算可以避免硬编码任何尺寸。我相应地更新了我的答案，并添加了一个指向您新的更一般答案的链接；）嗨，我正在尝试学习这些东西，在一个空闲的shell中使用最新的Python。当我运行您的代码时，我遇到了这个错误：buttons=[[tk.Button（）代表xrange中的j（列）]代表xrange中的I（行）]NameError:name“xrange”没有定义，您能帮忙吗？Hi@Pedroski，
xrange
在Python 3中被重命名。如果将
xrange
替换为
range
，它应该可以工作（我也更新了答案中的代码）
import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

frame_main = tk.Frame(root, bg="gray")
frame_main.grid(sticky='news')

label1 = tk.Label(frame_main, text="Label 1", fg="green")
label1.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=(5, 0), sticky='nw')

label2 = tk.Label(frame_main, text="Label 2", fg="blue")
label2.grid(row=1, column=0, pady=(5, 0), sticky='nw')

label3 = tk.Label(frame_main, text="Label 3", fg="red")
label3.grid(row=3, column=0, pady=5, sticky='nw')

# Create a frame for the canvas with non-zero row&column weights
frame_canvas = tk.Frame(frame_main)
frame_canvas.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=(5, 0), sticky='nw')
frame_canvas.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame_canvas.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Set grid_propagate to False to allow 5-by-5 buttons resizing later
frame_canvas.grid_propagate(False)

# Add a canvas in that frame
canvas = tk.Canvas(frame_canvas, bg="yellow")
canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="news")

# Link a scrollbar to the canvas
vsb = tk.Scrollbar(frame_canvas, orient="vertical", command=canvas.yview)
vsb.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ns')
canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=vsb.set)

# Create a frame to contain the buttons
frame_buttons = tk.Frame(canvas, bg="blue")
canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=frame_buttons, anchor='nw')

# Add 9-by-5 buttons to the frame
rows = 9
columns = 5
buttons = [[tk.Button() for j in range(columns)] for i in range(rows)]
for i in range(0, rows):
    for j in range(0, columns):
        buttons[i][j] = tk.Button(frame_buttons, text=("%d,%d" % (i+1, j+1)))
        buttons[i][j].grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='news')

# Update buttons frames idle tasks to let tkinter calculate buttons sizes
frame_buttons.update_idletasks()

# Resize the canvas frame to show exactly 5-by-5 buttons and the scrollbar
first5columns_width = sum([buttons[0][j].winfo_width() for j in range(0, 5)])
first5rows_height = sum([buttons[i][0].winfo_height() for i in range(0, 5)])
frame_canvas.config(width=first5columns_width + vsb.winfo_width(),
                    height=first5rows_height)

# Set the canvas scrolling region
canvas.config(scrollregion=canvas.bbox("all"))

# Launch the GUI
root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk

LABEL_BG = "#ccc"  # Light gray.
ROWS, COLS = 10, 6  # Size of grid.
ROWS_DISP = 3  # Number of rows to display.
COLS_DISP = 4  # Number of columns to display.

class MyApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, title="Sample App", *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        self.title(title)
        self.configure(background="Gray")
        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

        master_frame = tk.Frame(self, bg="Light Blue", bd=3, relief=tk.RIDGE)
        master_frame.grid(sticky=tk.NSEW)
        master_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        label1 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame1 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label1.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        frame1 = tk.Frame(master_frame, bg="Green", bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
        frame1.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        cb_var1 = tk.IntVar()
        checkbutton1 = tk.Checkbutton(frame1, text="StartCheckBox", variable=cb_var1)
        checkbutton1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=2)

        label2 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame2 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label2.grid(row=2, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        # Create a frame for the canvas and scrollbar(s).
        frame2 = tk.Frame(master_frame)
        frame2.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        # Add a canvas in that frame.
        canvas = tk.Canvas(frame2, bg="Yellow")
        canvas.grid(row=0, column=0)

        # Create a vertical scrollbar linked to the canvas.
        vsbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame2, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=canvas.yview)
        vsbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.NS)
        canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=vsbar.set)

        # Create a horizontal scrollbar linked to the canvas.
        hsbar = tk.Scrollbar(frame2, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, command=canvas.xview)
        hsbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)
        canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=hsbar.set)

        # Create a frame on the canvas to contain the buttons.
        buttons_frame = tk.Frame(canvas, bg="Red", bd=2)

        # Add the buttons to the frame.
        for i in range(1, ROWS+1):
            for j in range(1, COLS+1):
                button = tk.Button(buttons_frame, padx=7, pady=7, relief=tk.RIDGE,
                                   text="[%d, %d]" % (i, j))
                button.grid(row=i, column=j, sticky='news')

        # Create canvas window to hold the buttons_frame.
        canvas.create_window((0,0), window=buttons_frame, anchor=tk.NW)

        buttons_frame.update_idletasks()  # Needed to make bbox info available.
        bbox = canvas.bbox(tk.ALL)  # Get bounding box of canvas with Buttons.
        #print('canvas.bbox(tk.ALL): {}'.format(bbox))

        # Define the scrollable region as entire canvas with only the desired
        # number of rows and columns displayed.
        w, h = bbox[2]-bbox[1], bbox[3]-bbox[1]
        dw, dh = int((w/COLS) * COLS_DISP), int((h/ROWS) * ROWS_DISP)
        canvas.configure(scrollregion=bbox, width=dw, height=dh)

        label3 = tk.Label(master_frame, text="Frame3 Contents", bg=LABEL_BG)
        label3.grid(row=4, column=0, pady=5, sticky=tk.NW)

        frame3 = tk.Frame(master_frame, bg="Blue", bd=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
        frame3.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=tk.NW)

        cb_var2 = tk.IntVar()
        checkbutton2 = tk.Checkbutton(frame3, text="EndCheckBox", variable=cb_var2)
        checkbutton2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp("Scrollable Canvas")
    app.mainloop()