RPi python脚本无法从：/etc/rc.local、crontab、systemd运行

我试图通过systemctl从/etc/rc.local、crontab@reboot和systemd运行这个python脚本，但没有成功

python脚本在以用户pi身份登录时从命令行运行，并优雅地退出到后台，不会出现问题。同样，在提示下运行它时，用户pi使用：sh/etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address
#_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
#if [ "$_IP" ]; then
#  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
#fi

    (python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&

#/usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py > /home/pi/cigarbox.log 2>&1 &

    exit 0

请提供以下指导：

#!/usr/bin/python

#required libraries
    import sys
    import ssl
    import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
    import json
    from pprint import pprint
    import Adafruit_CharLCD as LCD
    from textwrap import fill

#Configuration
    rootCAPath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/rootCA.pem"
    certFilePath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/xxxxxxxxxx-certificate.pem.crt"
    keyFilePath = "/home/pi/Cigar-Box/certs/xxxxxxxxxx-private.pem.key"
    iotThing = "Zorua"
    clientID = "Zorua"

#Device JSON initialization
    device = {'state': {'reported': {'HP':100} } }
    device['state']['reported']['color'] = {'r':0, 'g':0, 'b':0}

#Create LCD
    lcd = LCD.Adafruit_CharLCDPlate()

#LCD wrapper
    def set_lcd_color(R,G,B):
    global lcd
    device['state']['reported']['color']['r'] = R
    device['state']['reported']['color']['g'] = G
    device['state']['reported']['color']['b'] = B
    lcd.set_color(R, G, B)
    def set_lcd_message(message):
    global lcd
    device['state']['reported']['msg'] = message
    lcd.clear()

#Word wrap to fit 16-char wide display and add capitalization
    lcd_message = fill(message.capitalize(),16)
    lcd.message(lcd_message)

# Initialize the LCD using the pins
    set_lcd_message('Initializing...')
    set_lcd_color(0, 0, 1)

#called while client tries to establish connection with the server
    def on_connect(mqttc, obj, flags, rc):
    print "Connecting..."
    if rc==0:
    print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc)+" | Connectionstatus: successful")

#We only want to be notified about things we need to change to stay in sync with AWS
    mqttc.subscribe("$aws/things/" + iotThing + "/shadow/update/delta", qos=1)
    elif rc==1:
    print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc)+" | Connection status: Connection refused")
    print ("Subscriber Connection status code: "+str(rc))

#called when a topic is successfully subscribed to
    def on_subscribe(mqttc, obj, mid, granted_qos):
    print("Subscribed: "+str(mid)+" "+str(granted_qos)+"data"+str(obj))
    set_lcd_color(0,1,0)
    set_lcd_message('Connected!\nReady for input')

#Let AWS know about the current state of the plate so we can tell us what's     out of sync
    mqttc.publish("$aws/things/" + iotThing + "/shadow/update", json.dumps(device))

#called when a message is received by a topic
#Messages are formatted in JSON
#When working with /update, we might not find all keys all the time, so we need to handle that
    def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg):
    try:
    data = json.loads(msg.payload)
    update = data['state']
    except:
    return

#Look for a message in the update. If it's there, we need to update the display
    if 'msg' in update.keys():
    try:
    set_lcd_message(update['msg'])
    except:
    print("Could not enact message from topic: "+msg.topic+" | QoS: "+str(msg.qos)+" | Data Received: "+str(msg.payload))

#Look to see if the status of R, G, or B has changed for the display
    if 'color' in update.keys():
    try: lcd_r = update['color']['r']
    except: lcd_r = device['state']['reported']['color']['r']
    try: lcd_g = update['color']['g']
    except: lcd_g = device['state']['reported']['color']['g']
    try: lcd_b = update['color']['b']
    except: lcd_b = device['state']['reported']['color']['b']
    set_lcd_color(lcd_r,
                  lcd_g,
                  lcd_b)
#Let AWS know we've updated the display
    mqttc.publish("$aws/things/Zorua/shadow/update", json.dumps(device))

#creating a client with client-id=Zorua
    mqttc = mqtt.Client(client_id=clientID)
    mqttc.on_connect = on_connect
    mqttc.on_reconnect = on_connect
    mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
    mqttc.on_message = on_message

#Configure network encryption and authentication options. Enables SSL/TLS support.
#adding client-side certificates and enabling tlsv1.2 support as required by aws-iot service
    mqttc.tls_set(rootCAPath,
    certfile=certFilePath,
    keyfile=keyFilePath,
    tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ciphers=None)

#connecting to aws-account-specific-iot-endpoint
    print ("About to connect")
    mqttc.connect("lettersandnumbers.iot.us-west-2.amazonaws.com", port=8883) #AWS IoT service hostname and portno

#automatically handles reconnecting
    mqttc.loop_forever()

位于/etc/rc.local中的代码后面是一个简单的重定向测试，以查看rc.local是否正常工作

# Default code located inside /etc/rc.local
# Print the IP address

    _IP=$(hostname -I) || true
    if [ "$_IP" ]; then
    printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
    fi
    exit 0

######################################################################


# After rebooting RPi = no output to log
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log

# Running /etc/rc.local from the command line
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ sh /etc/rc.local

# After running /etc/rc.local locally = output to log
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log
    My IP address is 192.168.0.21

     # Cat and pipe of boot.log
     root@cigarbox:~# cat /var/log/boot.log | grep rc.local
     Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility...
     [  OK  ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.

下面是pi和root的路径

# Running as pi        
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games

# Running s root 
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ su - root
    Password:
    root@cigarbox:~# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

很好。看起来rc.local正在运行

# Default code located inside /etc/rc.local
# Print the IP address

    _IP=$(hostname -I) || true
    if [ "$_IP" ]; then
    printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
    fi
    exit 0

######################################################################


# After rebooting RPi = no output to log
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log

# Running /etc/rc.local from the command line
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ sh /etc/rc.local

# After running /etc/rc.local locally = output to log
    pi@cigarbox:~ $ cat cigarbox.log
    My IP address is 192.168.0.21

     # Cat and pipe of boot.log
     root@cigarbox:~# cat /var/log/boot.log | grep rc.local
     Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility...
     [  OK  ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.

不过，我过去也试过。根据建议，请参见python命令下面注释掉的行和括号中的路径。因此，脚本仍然不会用完/etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address
#_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
#if [ "$_IP" ]; then
#  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP" > /home/pi/cigarbox.log
#fi

    (python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&

#/usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py > /home/pi/cigarbox.log 2>&1 &

    exit 0

嗯，看来我需要10个好男孩点数来上传图片。我将不得不发布这个团队最感激的帮助的成功完成。谢谢大家..照片URL和后续解决方案

好的，这里有一个链接到我的语音识别项目的照片，由于stackoverflow的新朋友的支持，该项目现在自动启动：

要通过

/etc/rc.local

运行python脚本： 1） 使用

sudo/etc/rc.local

编辑文件

2） 在退出0之前将以下内容添加到文件中：

(sleep 10;python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py)&

括号允许您在后台运行多个命令。

sleep 10

会将脚本的运行延迟10秒，因为您的脚本所依赖的某些服务在引导rc.local时可能还不可用

或者，您可以使用crontab@reboot自动执行脚本

使用crontab： 1） 运行命令行

sudocrontab-e

2） 将命令添加到文件末尾：

@reboot /usr/bin/python /home/pi/Cigar-Box/CigarBox.py

---

你在问一个关于是否可以提问的问题？如果你能把它归结为一个简单的例子，那也没关系，但从你的帖子上看，它听起来可能相当宽泛。好了，伙计们，这里是细节。你能用一个“hello world”类的程序来替换这个脚本，并试着通过任何这样的方法来运行它吗？让我们先排除剧本的问题。-那是个好的开始。今晚就可以了，但是my/home/pi/cigarbox.log捕获了脚本中的最后一条注释，“即将连接”，当我删除作业命令将其置于后台时，例如&。所以，我认为它运行时，MQTT返回的内容会出现问题。是否有一种方法可以使用/etc/rc.local执行脚本，然后等待10秒，然后将其放入后台，从而避开rc.local中的最后一行，该行执行退出0…这可能会阻止MQTT返回？不管怎样，今晚回到基本点。谢谢如果可以在命令行中运行脚本，但不能以其他方式运行，则可能与设置脚本的方式、文件权限或运行路径问题有关。您没有提供有关如何设置通过/etc/rc.local或crontab运行的信息。我尝试从/etc/rc运行此python脚本。我尝试通过systemctl从/etc/rc.local、crontab和systemd运行此python脚本，但没有成功。ocal、crontab@reboot和systemd通过systemctl运行，但没有成功。我也考虑过使用延迟，但我认为脚本需要启动，然后在将其放到后台之前进行延迟。你知道怎么做吗？同时，我会尝试睡眠10分钟，然后再联系你。谢谢。成功！！！你对问题的分析很准确。非常感谢您的指导和耐心。我最深切的感谢。请花一点时间看看我的语音识别项目：很高兴它能为你工作。如果这个答案能帮助你解决问题。请投票表决。顺便说一句，这看起来像一台很酷的机器……几乎忘记了，解决方案是在/etc/rc.local中为您的一行代码使用sleep 10：（sleep 10；python/home/pi/CigarBox/CigarBox.py）&单击本文左上角的“向上”箭头或“勾号”。