R：根据观测窗口一定时间内的时间对数据帧进行子集

假设我有一个包含开始和结束时间列、测量列和测量时间列的数据框，如下所示：

     start         end    value                time
   9:01:00     9:02:00     30.6  2013-03-25 9:05:00
   9:01:00     9:02:00     30.8  2013-03-25 9:15:00
   9:46:00     9:46:00     28.2  2013-03-25 9:43:00
   9:46:00     9:46:00     28.9  2013-03-25 9:53:00
  10:54:00    10:59:00     13.4 2013-03-25 10:56:00
  10:54:00    10:59:00     13.8 2013-03-25 11:56:00

如何将此数据帧的一个子集设置为仅包括时间列在开始和结束时间内或开始时间前十分钟和结束时间后十分钟内的行。我随意选择了10分钟，并且想知道在开始和结束时间之前和之后的任何时间内如何做到这一点

结果数据框如下所示：

     start         end    value                time
   9:01:00     9:02:00     30.6  2013-03-25 9:05:00
   9:46:00     9:46:00     28.2  2013-03-25 9:43:00
   9:46:00     9:46:00     28.9  2013-03-25 9:53:00
  10:54:00    10:59:00     13.4 2013-03-25 10:56:00

除了从开始/结束列条目中减去/添加x分钟数，然后根据时间列是否位于这些扩展窗口之间进行子集设置外，还有其他方法吗

目前，我已将时间列转换为POSIXlt格式。不幸的是，这将“开始”和“结束”列中的时间指定为“今天”

以下是第一个数据帧的dput：

structure(list(start = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0), min = c(1L, 1L, 46L, 46L, 54L, 54L), hour = c(9L, 9L, 9L, 
9L, 10L, 10L), mday = c(7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), mon = c(7L, 
7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), year = c(113L, 113L, 113L, 113L, 113L, 113L
), wday = c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), yday = c(218L, 218L, 218L, 
218L, 218L, 218L), isdst = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", 
"min", "hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"
), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt")), end = structure(list(sec = c(0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0), min = c(2L, 2L, 46L, 46L, 59L, 59L), hour = c(9L, 
9L, 9L, 9L, 10L, 10L), mday = c(7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), mon = c(7L, 
7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), year = c(113L, 113L, 113L, 113L, 113L, 113L
), wday = c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), yday = c(218L, 218L, 218L, 
218L, 218L, 218L), isdst = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", 
"min", "hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"
), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt")), value = c(30.6, 30.8, 28.2, 
28.9, 13.4, 13.8), time = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0), min = c(5L, 15L, 43L, 53L, 56L, 56L), hour = c(9L, 9L, 
9L, 9L, 10L, 11L), mday = c(25L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 25L, 25L), mon = c(2L, 
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), year = c(113L, 113L, 113L, 113L, 113L, 113L
), wday = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), yday = c(83L, 83L, 83L, 
83L, 83L, 83L), isdst = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", 
"min", "hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"
), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt"))), .Names = c("start", "end", 
"value", "time"), row.names = c(NA, -6L), class = "data.frame")

这里是第二个数据帧的dput

structure(list(start = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0, 0, 0), min = c(1L, 
46L, 46L, 54L), hour = c(9L, 9L, 9L, 10L), mday = c(7L, 7L, 7L, 
7L), mon = c(7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), year = c(113L, 113L, 113L, 113L
), wday = c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), yday = c(218L, 218L, 218L, 218L), 
    isdst = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", "min", "hour", 
"mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt", 
"POSIXt")), end = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0, 0, 0), min = c(2L, 
46L, 46L, 59L), hour = c(9L, 9L, 9L, 10L), mday = c(7L, 7L, 7L, 
7L), mon = c(7L, 7L, 7L, 7L), year = c(113L, 113L, 113L, 113L
), wday = c(3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), yday = c(218L, 218L, 218L, 218L), 
    isdst = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", "min", "hour", 
"mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt", 
"POSIXt")), value = c(30.6, 28.2, 28.9, 13.4), time = structure(list(
    sec = c(0, 0, 0, 0), min = c(5L, 43L, 53L, 56L), hour = c(9L, 
    9L, 9L, 10L), mday = c(25L, 25L, 25L, 25L), mon = c(2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L), year = c(113L, 113L, 113L, 113L), wday = c(1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L), yday = c(83L, 83L, 83L, 83L), isdst = c(1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", "min", "hour", "mday", "mon", 
"year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt"
))), .Names = c("start", "end", "value", "time"), row.names = c(NA, 
-4L), class = "data.frame")

---

重新创建没有乐趣，但答案应该很简单：

data[with(data, time > start - 10*60 & time < end + 10*60),]

---

现在，上面这行给出了你想要的。也许，您应该小心如何从原始数据中对POSIX进行编码。此外，对于大多数应用程序，POSIXct可能比POSIXlt更可取，因为POSIXlt中的每个元素都是一个列表。这可能会阻碍（或减缓）后续生产线的某些操作

基于@EliGurarie的答案：

#dat <- ....see original question

或者，使用一点舍入和一些中间变量：

min10 <- 10/(60*24)
ds <- difftime(dat$start,dat$time,units="days")
ds <- dd - round(dd) 
de <- difftime(dat$end,dat$time,units="days")
de <- de - round(de) 

dat[ds > -min10 & de < min10,]

---

min10询问re:time/date数据时，执行
dput（datasetname）
非常有用，这样回答者就不需要重新创建所有数据。这是一种正确的痛苦。
datestem <- as.character(as.Date(dat$time))
dat$start <- as.POSIXct(paste(datestem,format(dat$start,"%H:%M:%S")))
dat$end <- as.POSIXct(paste(datestem,format(dat$end,"%H:%M:%S")))

dat[
     with(
      dat,
      difftime(start,time,units="mins") > -10 &
      difftime(end,time,units="mins") < 10
     ),
   ]

min10 <- 10/(60*24)
ds <- difftime(dat$start,dat$time,units="days")
ds <- dd - round(dd) 
de <- difftime(dat$end,dat$time,units="days")
de <- de - round(de) 

dat[ds > -min10 & de < min10,]