Ruby on rails Rails 4-获取ActiveRecord:：UnknownAttributeError:未知属性：checker\u id

初学者Rails程序员在这里。 运行rspec测试时，我遇到以下错误：

1) User checking 
     Failure/Error: @user.check!(other_user)
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./app/models/user.rb:33:in `check!'
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:87:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  2) User checking checked user checkers 
     Failure/Error: @user.check!(other_user)
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./app/models/user.rb:33:in `check!'
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:87:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  3) User checking checked_users 
     Failure/Error: @user.check!(other_user)
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./app/models/user.rb:33:in `check!'
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:87:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  4) User checking and unchecking 
     Failure/Error: @user.check!(other_user)
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./app/models/user.rb:33:in `check!'
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:87:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  5) User checking and unchecking checked_users 
     Failure/Error: @user.check!(other_user)
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./app/models/user.rb:33:in `check!'
     # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:87:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  6) Relationship 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:9:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:11:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

  7) Relationship when checked id is not present 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:21:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  8) Relationship checker methods 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:9:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:15:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  9) Relationship checker methods 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:9:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:14:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  10) Relationship checker methods checked 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:9:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:17:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  11) Relationship checker methods checker 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:9:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

  12) Relationship when checker id is not present 
     Failure/Error: let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }
     ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
       unknown attribute: checker_id
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
     # ./spec/models/relationship_spec.rb:26:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

用户_spec.rb

relationship.rb

201408183201_创建_关系.rb

我非常感谢任何能让我在这方面有所进展的想法！谢谢

编辑/升级：在执行rakedb:reset->rakedb:migrate->raketest:prepare时，我在每个步骤都检查了开发数据库。在rake db:migrate之后，users表中填充了示例用户，但是rake test:prepare删除了所有这些用户，使表为空。 也许这里有联系。因为rake test:prepare删除了它，checker_idb可能不可用吗？

您发布的错误， 未知属性：checker\u id

指代码第33行中不存在的属性checker_id：

 relationships.create!(checked_id: other_user.id)

---

因此，要么您发布了错误的代码，要么您需要重新启动测试服务器，要么存在其他问题。但基本上，您的测试套件并没有测试您认为它正在测试的内容。

我最终删除了自第10章开始以来所做的所有文件和更改，然后复制粘贴了教程中的所有更改。我不知道我到底做错了什么，但这解决了问题。

您是否也在测试模式下运行迁移？bundle exec rake db:migrate RAILS\u ENV=testYes。这并没有解决问题

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do

  before do
    @user = User.new(name: "Test User", email: "test@example.com", 
                        verified:true, about_text:"About Text", 
                        success_text:"Success Text", password: "foobar",
              password_confirmation: "foobar")
  end

  subject { @user }

  it { should respond_to(:name) }
  it { should respond_to(:email) }
  it { should respond_to(:verified) }
  it { should respond_to(:about_text) }
  it { should respond_to(:success_text) }
  it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
  it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
  it { should respond_to(:remember_token) }
  it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }
  it { should respond_to(:admin) }
  it { should respond_to(:relationships) }
  it { should respond_to(:checked_users) }
  it { should respond_to(:checking?) }
  it { should respond_to(:check!) }
  it { should respond_to(:reverse_relationships) }
  it { should respond_to(:checkers) }

  it { should be_valid }
  it { should_not be_admin }

  describe "with admin attribute set to 'true'" do
    before do
      @user.save!
      @user.toggle!(:admin)
    end

    it { should be_admin }
  end

  describe "when name is not present" do
    before { @user.name = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "whenn password is not present" do
    before do
      @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "example@example.com",
                        password: " ", password_confirmation: " ")
    end
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
    before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "with a password that is too short" do
    before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
    it { should be_invalid }
  end

  describe "return value of authenticate method" do
    before { @user.save }
    let(:found_user) { User.find_by(email: @user.email) }

    describe "with valid password" do
      it { should eq found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
    end

    describe "with invalid password" do
      let(:user_for_invalid_password) {
        found_user.authenticate("invalid") }

      it { should_not eq user_for_invalid_password }
      specify { expect(user_for_invalid_password).to be_false }
    end
  end

  describe "checking" do
    let(:other_user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
    before do
      @user.save
      @user.check!(other_user)
    end

    it { should be_checking(other_user) }
    its(:checked_users) { should include(other_user) }

    describe "checked user" do
      subject { other_user }
      its(:checkers) { should include(@user) }
    end

    describe "and unchecking" do
      before { @user.uncheck!(other_user) }

      it { should_not be_checking(other_user) }
      its(:checked_users) { should_not include(other_user) }
    end
  end
end

class Relationship < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :checker, class_name: "User"
  belongs_to :checked, class_name: "User"
  validates :checker_id, presence: true
  validates :checked_id, presence: true
end

require 'spec_helper'

describe Relationship do

  let(:checker) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
  let(:checked) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
  let(:relationship) { checker.relationships.build(checked_id: checked.id) }

  subject { relationship }

  it { should be_valid }

  describe "checker methods" do
    it { should respond_to(:checker) }
    it { should respond_to(:checked) }
    its(:checker) { should eq checker }
    its(:checked) { should eq checked }
  end

  describe "when checked id is not present" do
    before { relationship.checked_id = nil }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when checker id is not present" do
    before { relationship.checker_id = nil }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end
end

class CreateRelationships < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    create_table :relationships do |t|
      t.integer :checker_id
      t.integer :checked_id

      t.timestamps
    end
    add_index :relationships, :checker_id
    add_index :relationships, :checked_id
    add_index :relationships, [:checker_id, :checked_id], unique: true
  end
end

 relationships.create!(checked_id: other_user.id)