Ruby on rails 迈克尔·哈特尔'；s Rails教程第11章&；12：多个错误和邮件未发送

我目前正在学习rails教程的第12步，在发送帐户激活电子邮件和访问某些页面时遇到问题（我会出错）

当请求密码重置时，我得到以下错误

NameError in PasswordResetsController#create

uninitialized constant User::FILL_IN

Extracted source (around line #62):

  def create_reset_digest
    self.reset_token = User.new_token

    (the code below is highlighted red)

    update_columns(reset_digest:  FILL_IN, reset_sent_at: FILL_IN)

  end

  # Sends password reset email.

NameError in UsersController#show
uninitialized constant UsersController::FILL_IN

Extracted source (around line #12):

  def show
    @user = User.find(params[:id])

    (the code below being red)

    redirect_to root_url and return unless FILL_IN

  end

  def new

资料来源：

app/models/user.rb:62:in `create_reset_digest'
app/controllers/password_resets_controller.rb:12:in `create'

app/models/user.rb

class User < ApplicationRecord
    attr_accessor :remember_token, :activation_token, :reset_token
  before_save   :downcase_email
  before_create :create_activation_digest
  validates :name,  presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
  VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
  validates :email, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 },
                    format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
                    uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
  has_secure_password
  validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 6 }, allow_nil: true

  # Returns the hash digest of the given string.
  def User.digest(string)
    cost = ActiveModel::SecurePassword.min_cost ? BCrypt::Engine::MIN_COST :
                                                  BCrypt::Engine.cost
    BCrypt::Password.create(string, cost: cost)
  end


  # Returns a random token.
  def User.new_token
    SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
  end

  # Remembers a user in the database for use in persistent sessions.
  def remember
    self.remember_token = User.new_token
    update_attribute(:remember_digest, User.digest(remember_token))
  end

  # Returns true if the given token matches the digest.
  def authenticated?(remember_token)
    return false if remember_digest.nil?
    BCrypt::Password.new(remember_digest).is_password?(remember_token)
  end

  # Forgets a user.
  def forget
    update_attribute(:remember_digest, nil)
  end

  def authenticated?(attribute, token)
    digest = send("#{attribute}_digest")
    return false if digest.nil?
    BCrypt::Password.new(digest).is_password?(token)
  end

  # Activates an account.
  def activate
    update_columns(activated: FILL_IN, activated_at: FILL_IN)
  end

  # Sends activation email.
  def send_activation_email
    UserMailer.account_activation(self).deliver_now
  end

  # Sets the password reset attributes.
  def create_reset_digest
    self.reset_token = User.new_token
    update_columns(reset_digest:  FILL_IN, reset_sent_at: FILL_IN)
  end

  # Sends password reset email.
  def send_password_reset_email
    UserMailer.password_reset(self).deliver_now
  end

    # Returns true if a password reset has expired.
  def password_reset_expired?
    reset_sent_at < 2.hours.ago
  end

  private

    # Converts email to all lower-case.
    def downcase_email
      self.email = email.downcase
    end

    # Creates and assigns the activation token and digest.
    def create_activation_digest
      self.activation_token  = User.new_token
      self.activation_digest = User.digest(activation_token)
    end
end

class PasswordResetsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :get_user,         only: [:edit, :update]
  before_action :valid_user,       only: [:edit, :update]
  before_action :check_expiration, only: [:edit, :update]    # Case (1)

  def new
  end

  def create
    @user = User.find_by(email: params[:password_reset][:email].downcase)
    if @user
      @user.create_reset_digest
      @user.send_password_reset_email
      flash[:info] = "Email sent with password reset instructions"
      redirect_to root_url
    else
      flash.now[:danger] = "Email address not found"
      render 'new'
    end
  end

  def edit
  end

  def update
    if params[:user][:password].empty?
      @user.errors.add(:password, "can't be empty")
      render 'edit'
    elsif @user.update_attributes(user_params)
      log_in @user
      @user.update_attribute(:reset_digest, nil)
      flash[:success] = "Password has been reset."
      redirect_to @user
    else
      render 'edit'
    end
  end

  private

    def user_params
      params.require(:user).permit(:password, :password_confirmation)
    end

    # Before filters

    def get_user
      @user = User.find_by(email: params[:email])
    end

    # Confirms a valid user.
    def valid_user
      unless (@user && @user.activated? &&
              @user.authenticated?(:reset, params[:id]))
        redirect_to root_url
      end
    end

    # Checks expiration of reset token.
    def check_expiration
      if @user.password_reset_expired?
        flash[:danger] = "Password reset has expired."
        redirect_to new_password_reset_url
      end
    end
end

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  before_action :logged_in_user, only: [:index, :edit, :update, :destroy]
  before_action :correct_user,   only: [:edit, :update]
  before_action :admin_user,     only: :destroy

  def index
    @users = User.where(activated: FILL_IN).paginate(page: params[:page])
  end

  def show
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
    redirect_to root_url and return unless FILL_IN
  end

  def new
    @user = User.new
  end

  def create
    @user = User.new(user_params)
    if @user.save
      @user.send_activation_email
      flash[:info] = "Please check your email to activate your account."
      redirect_to root_url
    else
      render 'new'
    end
  end

  def edit
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
  end

  def update
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
    if @user.update_attributes(user_params)
            flash[:success] = "Profile updated"
      redirect_to @user
    else
      render 'edit'
    end
  end

   def destroy
    User.find(params[:id]).destroy
    flash[:success] = "User deleted"
    redirect_to users_url
  end

    # Returns true if the given token matches the digest.
  def authenticated?(attribute, token)
    digest = send("#{attribute}_digest")
    return false if digest.nil?
    BCrypt::Password.new(digest).is_password?(token)
  end

  private

    def user_params
      params.require(:user).permit(:name, :company, :phone, :email, :password,
                                   :password_confirmation)
    end

# Confirms a logged-in user.
    def logged_in_user
      unless logged_in?
             store_location
        flash[:danger] = "Please log in."
        redirect_to login_url
      end
    end

    # Confirms the correct user.
    def correct_user
      @user = User.find(params[:id])
      redirect_to(root_url) unless @user == current_user
    end

        def admin_user
      redirect_to(root_url) unless current_user.admin?
    end

end

资料来源：

app/controllers/users_controller.rb:12:in `show'

app/controllers/users\u controller.rb

class User < ApplicationRecord
    attr_accessor :remember_token, :activation_token, :reset_token
  before_save   :downcase_email
  before_create :create_activation_digest
  validates :name,  presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
  VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
  validates :email, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 },
                    format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
                    uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
  has_secure_password
  validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 6 }, allow_nil: true

  # Returns the hash digest of the given string.
  def User.digest(string)
    cost = ActiveModel::SecurePassword.min_cost ? BCrypt::Engine::MIN_COST :
                                                  BCrypt::Engine.cost
    BCrypt::Password.create(string, cost: cost)
  end


  # Returns a random token.
  def User.new_token
    SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
  end

  # Remembers a user in the database for use in persistent sessions.
  def remember
    self.remember_token = User.new_token
    update_attribute(:remember_digest, User.digest(remember_token))
  end

  # Returns true if the given token matches the digest.
  def authenticated?(remember_token)
    return false if remember_digest.nil?
    BCrypt::Password.new(remember_digest).is_password?(remember_token)
  end

  # Forgets a user.
  def forget
    update_attribute(:remember_digest, nil)
  end

  def authenticated?(attribute, token)
    digest = send("#{attribute}_digest")
    return false if digest.nil?
    BCrypt::Password.new(digest).is_password?(token)
  end

  # Activates an account.
  def activate
    update_columns(activated: FILL_IN, activated_at: FILL_IN)
  end

  # Sends activation email.
  def send_activation_email
    UserMailer.account_activation(self).deliver_now
  end

  # Sets the password reset attributes.
  def create_reset_digest
    self.reset_token = User.new_token
    update_columns(reset_digest:  FILL_IN, reset_sent_at: FILL_IN)
  end

  # Sends password reset email.
  def send_password_reset_email
    UserMailer.password_reset(self).deliver_now
  end

    # Returns true if a password reset has expired.
  def password_reset_expired?
    reset_sent_at < 2.hours.ago
  end

  private

    # Converts email to all lower-case.
    def downcase_email
      self.email = email.downcase
    end

    # Creates and assigns the activation token and digest.
    def create_activation_digest
      self.activation_token  = User.new_token
      self.activation_digest = User.digest(activation_token)
    end
end

class PasswordResetsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :get_user,         only: [:edit, :update]
  before_action :valid_user,       only: [:edit, :update]
  before_action :check_expiration, only: [:edit, :update]    # Case (1)

  def new
  end

  def create
    @user = User.find_by(email: params[:password_reset][:email].downcase)
    if @user
      @user.create_reset_digest
      @user.send_password_reset_email
      flash[:info] = "Email sent with password reset instructions"
      redirect_to root_url
    else
      flash.now[:danger] = "Email address not found"
      render 'new'
    end
  end

  def edit
  end

  def update
    if params[:user][:password].empty?
      @user.errors.add(:password, "can't be empty")
      render 'edit'
    elsif @user.update_attributes(user_params)
      log_in @user
      @user.update_attribute(:reset_digest, nil)
      flash[:success] = "Password has been reset."
      redirect_to @user
    else
      render 'edit'
    end
  end

  private

    def user_params
      params.require(:user).permit(:password, :password_confirmation)
    end

    # Before filters

    def get_user
      @user = User.find_by(email: params[:email])
    end

    # Confirms a valid user.
    def valid_user
      unless (@user && @user.activated? &&
              @user.authenticated?(:reset, params[:id]))
        redirect_to root_url
      end
    end

    # Checks expiration of reset token.
    def check_expiration
      if @user.password_reset_expired?
        flash[:danger] = "Password reset has expired."
        redirect_to new_password_reset_url
      end
    end
end

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  before_action :logged_in_user, only: [:index, :edit, :update, :destroy]
  before_action :correct_user,   only: [:edit, :update]
  before_action :admin_user,     only: :destroy

  def index
    @users = User.where(activated: FILL_IN).paginate(page: params[:page])
  end

  def show
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
    redirect_to root_url and return unless FILL_IN
  end

  def new
    @user = User.new
  end

  def create
    @user = User.new(user_params)
    if @user.save
      @user.send_activation_email
      flash[:info] = "Please check your email to activate your account."
      redirect_to root_url
    else
      render 'new'
    end
  end

  def edit
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
  end

  def update
    @user = User.find(params[:id])
    if @user.update_attributes(user_params)
            flash[:success] = "Profile updated"
      redirect_to @user
    else
      render 'edit'
    end
  end

   def destroy
    User.find(params[:id]).destroy
    flash[:success] = "User deleted"
    redirect_to users_url
  end

    # Returns true if the given token matches the digest.
  def authenticated?(attribute, token)
    digest = send("#{attribute}_digest")
    return false if digest.nil?
    BCrypt::Password.new(digest).is_password?(token)
  end

  private

    def user_params
      params.require(:user).permit(:name, :company, :phone, :email, :password,
                                   :password_confirmation)
    end

# Confirms a logged-in user.
    def logged_in_user
      unless logged_in?
             store_location
        flash[:danger] = "Please log in."
        redirect_to login_url
      end
    end

    # Confirms the correct user.
    def correct_user
      @user = User.find(params[:id])
      redirect_to(root_url) unless @user == current_user
    end

        def admin_user
      redirect_to(root_url) unless current_user.admin?
    end

end

class UsersController

我花了一天多的时间在不同的帖子上寻找答案，回顾并重做我的步骤，但我不知道我做错了什么

我无法访问用户页面，当我提交忘记密码时会出现错误

应该是：

def index
  @users = User. where(activated: true) . paginate(page: params[:page] )
end

def show
  @user = User. find(params[:id] )
  redirect_to root_url and return unless true
end

def activate
    update_columns(activated: true, activated_at: Time.zone.now)
end

update_columns(reset_digest:  User.digest(reset_token), reset_sent_at: Time.zone.now)

应该是：

update_columns(reset_digest:  User.digest(reset_token), reset_sent_at: Time.zone.now)

---

上面写着你应该在那里输入代码。作为练习的一部分，他留下了这些空白，所以你应该弄清楚其中的内容，然后编写代码。@RockwellRice我对Ruby真的很陌生，在教程中我找不到应该填写的内容，我以为它会自己得到那个参数？不，它本身不会发生，他基本上是说，这项工作的一部分是弄清楚里面有什么代码。我会重读那一章，看看你是否能理解得足够好，来填补这个空白。这就是问题的关键。例如，在该show方法中，您希望重定向回根url，除非满足什么条件？一旦你知道了这个答案，然后想办法用代码检查一下。这不是你在那一点上没有看过的东西，所以这不是你必须弄清楚的新东西。它说你应该在那里输入代码。作为练习的一部分，他留下了这些空白，所以你应该弄清楚其中的内容，然后编写代码。@RockwellRice我对Ruby真的很陌生，在教程中我找不到应该填写的内容，我以为它会自己得到那个参数？不，它本身不会发生，他基本上是说，这项工作的一部分是弄清楚里面有什么代码。我会重读那一章，看看你是否能理解得足够好，来填补这个空白。这就是问题的关键。例如，在该show方法中，您希望重定向回根url，除非满足什么条件？一旦你知道了这个答案，然后想办法用代码检查一下。这不是你在这一点上没有做过的事情，所以它不是新的你必须弄清楚的。考虑对这个代码对你的答案做一个简短的解释，考虑对这个代码对你的答案做一个简短的解释。