Ruby on rails 失败/错误：config.include:：Rails:：Controller:：Testing:：TemplateAssertions，type:：Controller

我正在尝试运行单个测试文件：

bundle exec rspec spec/models/user_spec.rb

但得到以下错误：

    An error occurred while loading ./spec/models/user_spec.rb.
Failure/Error: config.include ::Rails::Controller::Testing::TemplateAssertions, type: :controller

NameError:
  uninitialized constant Rails::Controller
  Did you mean?  ApiController
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:149:in `block in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:61:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `require'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
No examples found.

An error occurred while loading ./spec/models/user_spec.rb.
Failure/Error: module Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveModel

NameError:
  uninitialized constant Shoulda
# ./spec/support/matchers/validate_kept_of_matcher.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:51:in `block in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:51:in `each'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:51:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `require'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
No examples found.

加载时出错。/spec/models/user_spec.rb。
失败/错误：config.include:：Rails:：Controller:：Testing:：TemplateAssertions，type:：Controller
名称错误：
未初始化的常量Rails:：Controller
你是说？高级控制器
#./spec/rails\u helper.rb:149:in'block in'
#./spec/rails\u helper.rb:61:in`'
#./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in'require'
#./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in`'
没有找到任何例子。

最初，我遇到以下错误：

    An error occurred while loading ./spec/models/user_spec.rb.
Failure/Error: config.include ::Rails::Controller::Testing::TemplateAssertions, type: :controller

NameError:
  uninitialized constant Rails::Controller
  Did you mean?  ApiController
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:149:in `block in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:61:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `require'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
No examples found.

An error occurred while loading ./spec/models/user_spec.rb.
Failure/Error: module Shoulda::Matchers::ActiveModel

NameError:
  uninitialized constant Shoulda
# ./spec/support/matchers/validate_kept_of_matcher.rb:4:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:51:in `block in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:51:in `each'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:51:in `<top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `require'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
No examples found.

加载时出错。/spec/models/user_spec.rb。
失败/错误：模块Shoulda:：Matchers:：ActiveModel
名称错误：
未初始化的常量应为
#./spec/support/matchers/validate\u matcher.rb:4:in`'
#./spec/rails\u helper.rb:51:in'block in'
#./spec/rails\u helper.rb:51:in'each'
#./spec/rails\u helper.rb:51:in`'
#./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in'require'
#./spec/models/user_spec.rb:3:in`'
没有找到任何例子。

但在我将以下内容添加到测试文件后，它得到了修复

需要“shoulda/matchers”

---

我是Ruby/Rails领域的新手，有人能给我一个方向吗？

Rails:：Controller:：Testing:：TemplateAssertions

您可以通过安装重新添加已折旧的功能。然而，RSpec和Rails团队都不鼓励使用控制器规范、赋值和模板断言，这不是很适合未来的

社区接受的解决方案是写入并停止在控制器中插入