Ruby 区分大小写的替换

我有一个字符串，可能包含单词

“favorite”

（美式英语）或大写的

“favorite”

。我想分别用英式拼写

“favorite”

或

“favorite”

替换它们，但不改变大写字母

我受够了

element.gsub!(/Favorite/i, 'Favourite')

---

它将始终大写第一个字母。我不想把它弄得太复杂，或者只是重复两个案例的替换。最好的解决方案是什么？

您可以捕获第一个字母，然后使用

\1

反向引用将捕获的字母插入到后面：

element.gsub!(/(f)avorite/i, '\1avourite')
               ^^^            ^^

看

（f）

捕获组与

i

不区分大小写的修饰符将匹配

f

或

f

，替换模式中的

\1

将粘贴回此字母

请注意，要替换整个单词，应使用：

此外，请注意替换字符串文字使用的单引号，如果使用双引号，则需要将反斜杠加倍

subs = {
  'center'   =>'centre',    'defense'   =>'defense',
  'behavour' =>'behaviour', 'apologize' =>'apologise',
  'maneuver' =>'manoeuvre', 'pediatric' =>'paediatric',
  'traveled' =>'travelled', 'honor'     =>'honour',
  'favorite' =>'favourite', 'esthetics'  =>'aesthetics'
}

str = "My Favorite uncle, Max, an honorable gent, is \
       often the Center of attention at parties, mainly \
       because he has a great sense for Esthetics. \
       I apologize for my clumsy maneuver.".squeeze(' ') 

str.gsub(/\b\p{Alpha}+\b/) do |word|
  key = word.downcase
  if subs.key?(key)
    new_word = subs[key]
    new_word.capitalize! if word.match?(/\A\p{Upper}/)
    word = new_word
  end
  word
end
  #=> "My Favourite uncle, Max, an honorable gent, is \ 
  #    often the Centre of attention at parties, mainly \
  #    because he has a great sense for Aesthetics. \
  #    I apologise for my clumsy manoeuvre."

---

“honorable”

未被修改，因为它不是哈希

subs

中的键（即使它包含键

“honorable”

）。一个更完整的示例可能包括该单词作为键。

gsub（/（f）avorite/i，“\1avorite”）

？谢谢，这很有效！如果这个词在美式拼写中是“美学”而在英语拼写中是“美学”呢？@sawa

/\b（f）avorite\b/i

匹配

aavorite

？@WiktorStribiżew你是对的。我不知怎么把你的

（）

错当成了

（）？

。

subs = {
  'center'   =>'centre',    'defense'   =>'defense',
  'behavour' =>'behaviour', 'apologize' =>'apologise',
  'maneuver' =>'manoeuvre', 'pediatric' =>'paediatric',
  'traveled' =>'travelled', 'honor'     =>'honour',
  'favorite' =>'favourite', 'esthetics'  =>'aesthetics'
}

str = "My Favorite uncle, Max, an honorable gent, is \
       often the Center of attention at parties, mainly \
       because he has a great sense for Esthetics. \
       I apologize for my clumsy maneuver.".squeeze(' ') 

str.gsub(/\b\p{Alpha}+\b/) do |word|
  key = word.downcase
  if subs.key?(key)
    new_word = subs[key]
    new_word.capitalize! if word.match?(/\A\p{Upper}/)
    word = new_word
  end
  word
end
  #=> "My Favourite uncle, Max, an honorable gent, is \ 
  #    often the Centre of attention at parties, mainly \
  #    because he has a great sense for Aesthetics. \
  #    I apologise for my clumsy manoeuvre."