Ruby 在Windows 10上通过Bash安装Jekyll

使用安装了Windows Linux子系统（Ubuntu 18.04 LTS）的版本为18363的Windows 10计算机

以安装Jekyll为目标，遵循中提到的步骤（这意味着从中使用存储库，存储Ruby for Ubuntu的优化版本），但在更新Ruby gems的时候发现了一堵墙

gem update

错误：执行gem时。。。（Gem:：FilePermissionError） 您没有/var/lib/gems/2.5.0目录的写入权限

尽管文档上这么说，但我认为权限可以通过sudo解决，byt当然没有

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/zlib-1.1.0/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/gems/zlib-1.1.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/zlib-1.1.0/gem_make.out
Gems updated: bigdecimal csv date etc fileutils gdbm io-console ipaddr json psych rdoc stringio strscan webrick zlib

这是gem_mke.out文件中的内容

current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/gems/zlib-1.1.0/ext/zlib
/usr/bin/ruby2.5 -r ./siteconf20200312-8262-tpvi49.rb extconf.rb
checking for deflateReset() in -lz... no
checking for deflateReset() in -llibz... no
checking for deflateReset() in -lzlib1... no
checking for deflateReset() in -lzlib... no
checking for deflateReset() in -lzdll... no
checking for deflateReset() in -lzlibwapi... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)2.5
        --with-zlib-dir
        --without-zlib-dir
        --with-zlib-include
        --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
        --with-zlib-lib
        --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
        --with-zlib
        --without-zlib
        --with-libzlib
        --without-libzlib
        --with-zlib1lib
        --without-zlib1lib
        --with-zliblib
        --without-zliblib
        --with-zdlllib
        --without-zdlllib
        --with-zlibwapilib
        --without-zlibwapilib

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/zlib-1.1.0/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

这是mkmf.log文件的内容

have_library: checking for deflateReset() in -lz... -------------------- no

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lz  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
conftest.c: In function ‘t’:
conftest.c:13:57: error: ‘deflateReset’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
conftest.c:13:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lz  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lz
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: extern void deflateReset();
14: int t(void) { deflateReset(); return 0; }
/* end */

--------------------

have_library: checking for deflateReset() in -llibz... -------------------- no

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -llibz  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
conftest.c: In function ‘t’:
conftest.c:13:57: error: ‘deflateReset’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
conftest.c:13:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -llibz  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -llibz
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: extern void deflateReset();
14: int t(void) { deflateReset(); return 0; }
/* end */

--------------------

have_library: checking for deflateReset() in -lzlib1... -------------------- no

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzlib1  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
conftest.c: In function ‘t’:
conftest.c:13:57: error: ‘deflateReset’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
conftest.c:13:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzlib1  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lzlib1
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: extern void deflateReset();
14: int t(void) { deflateReset(); return 0; }
/* end */

--------------------

have_library: checking for deflateReset() in -lzlib... -------------------- no

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzlib  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
conftest.c: In function ‘t’:
conftest.c:13:57: error: ‘deflateReset’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
conftest.c:13:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzlib  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lzlib
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: extern void deflateReset();
14: int t(void) { deflateReset(); return 0; }
/* end */

--------------------

have_library: checking for deflateReset() in -lzdll... -------------------- no

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzdll  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
conftest.c: In function ‘t’:
conftest.c:13:57: error: ‘deflateReset’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
conftest.c:13:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzdll  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lzdll
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: extern void deflateReset();
14: int t(void) { deflateReset(); return 0; }
/* end */

--------------------

have_library: checking for deflateReset() in -lzlibwapi... -------------------- no

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzlibwapi  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
conftest.c: In function ‘t’:
conftest.c:13:57: error: ‘deflateReset’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
conftest.c:13:57: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))deflateReset; return !p; }
/* end */

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-KHV_pi/ruby2.5-2.5.7=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5 -lzlibwapi  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lzlibwapi
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
 1: #include "ruby.h"
 2:
 3: /*top*/
 4: extern int t(void);
 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
 6: {
 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
 8:     printf("%p", &t);
 9:   }
10:
11:   return 0;
12: }
13: extern void deflateReset();
14: int t(void) { deflateReset(); return 0; }
/* end */

--------------------

---

如果你不想使用sudo安装gems，你可以从源代码处编译它，但我必须承认我没有尝试过。我猜这不会修复您遇到的

找不到-lzlibwapi

错误

在我的机器上，我通过安装两个丢失的库（第二个库丢失是在安装第一个库之后才报告的）解决了这个问题：

然后，您可以继续安装Jekyll，但必须再次插入

sudo

：

sudo gem install jekyll bundler

即使您使用

sudo

安装gems，也可以正常使用Jekyll（即不使用sudo）

---

使用jekyll时，您可能会遇到“Operation not allowed@apply2files”错误。要防止出现这种情况，请编辑（或创建）

/etc/wsl.conf

并添加。

只是这样做了，但没有解决问题。。。（+1表示努力）@TiagoMartinsPeres李大仁: 还是完全一样的错误吗？如果缺少其他库，则错误看起来可能类似。是的。。。对不起，我忘了回答这个问题

sudo gem install jekyll bundler