Scala 字符串插值和宏:如何获取StringContext和表达式位置

Scala 字符串插值和宏:如何获取StringContext和表达式位置,scala,macros,scala-2.10,string-interpolation,Scala,Macros,Scala 2.10,String Interpolation,我正在尝试用宏实现一个自定义字符串插值方法,我需要一些关于使用API的指导 以下是我想做的: /** expected * LocatedPieces(List(("\nHello ", Place("world"), Position()), ("\nHow are you, ", Name("Eric"), Position(...))) */ val locatedPieces: LocatedPieces = s2"""

我正在尝试用宏实现一个自定义字符串插值方法,我需要一些关于使用API的指导

以下是我想做的:

/** expected
  * LocatedPieces(List(("\nHello ", Place("world"), Position()), 
                       ("\nHow are you, ", Name("Eric"), Position(...)))
  */
val locatedPieces: LocatedPieces = 
  s2"""
    Hello $place

    How are you, $name
    """

val place: Piece = Place("world")
val name: Piece = Name("Eric")

trait Piece
case class Place(p: String) extends Piece
case class Name(n: String) extends Piece

/** sequence of each interpolated Piece object with:
  * the preceding text and its location
  */  
case class LocatedPieces(located: Seq[(String, Piece, Position)]) 

implicit class s2pieces(sc: StringContext) {
  def s2(parts: Piece*) = macro s2Impl
}

def impl(c: Context)(pieces: c.Expr[Piece]*): c.Expr[LocatedPieces] = {
  // I want to build a LocatedPieces object with the positions for all 
  // the pieces + the pieces + the (sc: StringContext).parts
  // with the method createLocatedPieces below
  // ???     
} 

def createLocatedPieces(parts: Seq[String], pieces: Seq[Piece], positions: Seq[Position]):
  LocatedPieces = 
  // zip the text parts, pieces and positions together to create a LocatedPieces object
  ???
我的问题是:

  • 如何访问宏中的
    StringContext
    对象以获取所有
    StringContext.parts
    字符串

  • 我怎样才能抓住每件作品的位置

  • 如何调用上面的
    createLocatedPieces
    方法并具体化结果以获得宏调用的结果


  • 经过几个小时的努力,我找到了一个可行的解决方案:

    object Macros {
    
      import scala.reflect.macros.Context
      import language.experimental.macros
    
      sealed trait Piece
      case class Place(str: String) extends Piece
      case class Name(str: String) extends Piece
      case class Pos(column: Int, line: Int)
      case class LocatedPieces(located: List[(String, Piece, Pos)])
    
      implicit class s2pieces(sc: StringContext) {
        def s2(pieces: Piece*) = macro s2impl
      }
    
      // pieces contain all the Piece instances passed inside of the string interpolation
      def s2impl(c: Context)(pieces: c.Expr[Piece]*): c.Expr[LocatedPieces] = {
        import c.universe.{ Name => _, _ }
    
        c.prefix.tree match {
          // access data of string interpolation
          case Apply(_, List(Apply(_, rawParts))) =>
    
            // helper methods
            def typeIdent[A : TypeTag] =
              Ident(typeTag[A].tpe.typeSymbol)
    
            def companionIdent[A : TypeTag] =
              Ident(typeTag[A].tpe.typeSymbol.companionSymbol)
    
            def identFromString(tpt: String) =
              Ident(c.mirror.staticModule(tpt))
    
            // We need to translate the data calculated inside of the macro to an AST
            // in order to write it back to the compiler.
            def toAST(any: Any) =
              Literal(Constant(any))
    
            def toPosAST(column: Tree, line: Tree) =
              Apply(
                Select(companionIdent[Pos], newTermName("apply")),
                List(column, line))
    
            def toTupleAST(t1: Tree, t2: Tree, t3: Tree) =
              Apply(
                TypeApply(
                  Select(identFromString("scala.Tuple3"), newTermName("apply")),
                  List(typeIdent[String], typeIdent[Piece], typeIdent[Pos])),
                List(t1, t2, t3))
    
            def toLocatedPiecesAST(located: Tree) =
              Apply(
                Select(companionIdent[LocatedPieces], newTermName("apply")),
                List(located))
    
            def toListAST(xs: List[Tree]) =
              Apply(
                TypeApply(
                  Select(identFromString("scala.collection.immutable.List"), newTermName("apply")),
                  List(AppliedTypeTree(
                    typeIdent[Tuple3[String, Piece, Pos]],
                    List(typeIdent[String], typeIdent[Piece], typeIdent[Pos])))),
                xs)
    
            // `parts` contain the strings a string interpolation is built of
            val parts = rawParts map { case Literal(Constant(const: String)) => const }
            // translate compiler positions to a data structure that can live outside of the compiler
            val positions = pieces.toList map (_.tree.pos) map (p => Pos(p.column, p.line))
            // discard last element of parts, `transpose` does not work otherwise
            // trim parts to discard unnecessary white space
            val data = List(parts.init map (_.trim), pieces.toList, positions).transpose
            // create an AST containing a List[(String, Piece, Pos)]
            val tupleAST = data map { case List(part: String, piece: c.Expr[_], Pos(column, line)) =>
              toTupleAST(toAST(part), piece.tree, toPosAST(toAST(column), toAST(line)))
            }
            // create an AST of `LocatedPieces`
            val locatedPiecesAST = toLocatedPiecesAST(toListAST(tupleAST))
            c.Expr(locatedPiecesAST)
    
          case _ =>
            c.abort(c.enclosingPosition, "invalid")
        }
      }
    }
    
    用法:

    object StringContextTest {
      val place: Piece = Place("world")
      val name: Piece = Name("Eric")
      val pieces = s2"""
        Hello $place
        How are you, $name?
      """
      pieces.located foreach println
    }
    
    结果:

    (Hello,Place(world),Pos(12,9))
    (How are you,,Name(Eric),Pos(19,10))
    
    我没想到要花这么多时间才能把所有的东西都整理好,但这是一段很有趣的时光。我希望代码符合您的要求。如果您需要更多关于具体工作方式的信息,请查看其他问题及其答案:

    多亏了Travis Brown(见评论),我得到了一个短得多的编译解决方案:

    object Macros {
    
      import scala.reflect.macros.Context
      import language.experimental.macros
    
      sealed trait Piece
      case class Place(str: String) extends Piece
      case class Name(str: String) extends Piece
      case class Pos(column: Int, line: Int)
      case class LocatedPieces(located: Seq[(String, Piece, Pos)])
    
      implicit class s2pieces(sc: StringContext) {
        def s2(pieces: Piece*) = macro s2impl
      }
    
      def s2impl(c: Context)(pieces: c.Expr[Piece]*): c.Expr[LocatedPieces] = {
        import c.universe.{ Name => _, _ }
    
        def toAST[A : TypeTag](xs: Tree*): Tree =
          Apply(
            Select(Ident(typeOf[A].typeSymbol.companionSymbol), newTermName("apply")),
            xs.toList)
    
        val parts = c.prefix.tree match {
          case Apply(_, List(Apply(_, rawParts))) =>
            rawParts zip (pieces map (_.tree)) map {
              case (Literal(Constant(rawPart: String)), piece) =>
                val line = c.literal(piece.pos.line).tree
                val column = c.literal(piece.pos.column).tree
                val part = c.literal(rawPart.trim).tree
                toAST[(_, _, _)](part, piece, toAST[Pos](line, column))
          }
        }
        c.Expr(toAST[LocatedPieces](toAST[Seq[_]](parts: _*)))
      }
    }
    

    它对冗长的AST结构进行了抽象,其逻辑略有不同,但几乎相同。如果您在理解代码如何工作方面有困难,请首先尝试理解第一种解决方案。它的功能更加明确。

    我已经尝试了API的各个部分,但还没有组装完整的解决方案。任何建议或一般指导都会有所帮助。一个完整的解决方案将得到我永远的感激:-)我不确定它是否有答案,但你的问题让我想起了这篇文章:我已经读过了,我的用例做得稍微多一些。但是我认识托尼,如果在此期间我没有得到答案,我会请他在本周的下一次Scalasy会议上帮助我:-)。嗨,你能举个例子,也许不止一件吗?输入是什么,输出应该是什么样子。我只能猜测,可能是错的。我的建议-看看github上的一些。我更新了示例,我将看看github项目,这是一个很好的建议。+1,我不是想抢你的风头,但这是可能的。我今天早上开始了这个实现,但没有发布它,因为(像您一样)它没有返回完整的
    位置
    。感谢您的辛勤工作!我将根据我的具体用例调整您的解决方案,但看起来我这里有关于如何提取原始文本、位置和打包整个内容的所有必要信息。特拉维斯,我还要看看你的要点,乍一看,在某些位置上有一些有趣的下划线。@特拉维斯布朗:非常感谢,你的解决方案太棒了。我知道一定有办法把所有这些东西抽象出来,但我没有想出解决办法。将多个参数和元组看作一个参数列表是非常酷的。我的第二次尝试现在要短得多。@Eric:我已经把Travis的解决方案和我的结合起来了。结果是令人印象深刻的。请注意,这可能会使它更简洁,但也可以看到我的评论,为什么你可能不想这样做。