displaytag slf4j依赖项和spring测试错误

我的spring测试和pom中的displaytag依赖性有问题

我的pom依赖项是

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.entando.entando.bundles.misc</groupId>
        <artifactId>entando-misc-less</artifactId>
        <version>${entando.version}</version>
        <type>war</type>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.entando.entando.bundles.misc</groupId>
        <artifactId>entando-misc-bootstrap</artifactId>
        <version>${entando.version}</version>
        <type>war</type>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.entando.entando.bundles.pages</groupId>
        <artifactId>entando-page-bootstrap-hero</artifactId>
        <version>${entando.version}</version>
        <type>war</type>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.entando.entando</groupId>
        <artifactId>entando-core-webapp</artifactId>
        <version>${entando.version}</version>
        <type>war</type>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.entando.entando</groupId>
        <artifactId>entando-core-engine</artifactId>
        <version>${entando.version}</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <scope>provided</scope>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                <groupId>javassist</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.entando.entando</groupId>
        <artifactId>entando-core-engine</artifactId>
        <version>${entando.version}</version>
        <type>test-jar</type>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>postgresql</groupId>
        <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        <version>9.1-901.jdbc4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
        <artifactId>derby</artifactId>
        <version>10.8.2.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
        <artifactId>derbyclient</artifactId>
        <version>10.8.2.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.8.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.persistence</groupId>
        <artifactId>eclipselink</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
        <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
        <artifactId>jta</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- STRUTS2 annotation -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
        <artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.16.3</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- STRUTS2 SPRING integration -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
        <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.15.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
        <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.10</version>
    </dependency>       

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.5.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        <version>3.17.1-GA</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
        <artifactId>struts2-junit-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.16.3</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>displaytag</groupId>
        <artifactId>displaytag</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>       

    <!-- import ed export -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.lowagie</groupId>
        <artifactId>itext</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.xhtmlrenderer</groupId>
        <artifactId>flying-saucer-core</artifactId>
        <version>9.0.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.xhtmlrenderer</groupId>
        <artifactId>flying-saucer-pdf</artifactId>
        <version>9.0.6</version>
    </dependency>                                        

</dependencies>

但是如果我从pom中删除displaytag依赖项，那么所有的工作都会。。。。 发生了什么事？我找不到问题：-

谢谢

---

andrea

此错误是由于类路径中存在同一类的多个版本。通常，这是由两个依赖项引起的，这两个依赖项依次对同一个库具有依赖项，但版本不同

为了解决这个问题，如果您的项目很大，请运行mvn dependency:tree mvn dependency:tree>tree.txt。然后找到所有与slf4j相关的库的依赖项，并查看有哪些版本

找到要保留的版本（通常为最高版本）后，请执行以下操作：

<dependency>
    <groupId>library.that</groupId>
    <artifactId>i.want</artifactId>
    <version>The.right.version</version>

这将覆盖此库的任何可传递依赖项，使其成为指定的版本

或者，您可以排除依赖项中的库，该库具有到您不想要的版本的转换：

---

这样，该库的可传递依赖项将被忽略。

事实上，我在另外两个工件中具有1.7.5版本的依赖项。我刚刚尝试了您的第一个解决方案，在我的pom中添加了该版本的显式依赖项。。。。但是没有结果此错误消息中有两个依赖项，尝试调用的类SLF4JLocationAwareLog位于jcl-over-slf4j.jar中，而缺少方法LocationAwareLogger的类位于slf4j-api.jar中。确保这两个版本只有一个，并且版本兼容。确定。。。解决了的。。。jcl-over-slf4j版本1.6.6有一个嵌套依赖项…我还添加了在displaytag中排除该工件的功能，现在它可以工作了。。。。谢谢:-

org.slf4j.spi.LocationAwareLogger.log(Lorg/slf4j/Marker;Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)V
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError
    at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SLF4JLocationAwareLog.error(SLF4JLocationAwareLog.java:173)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:314)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
    at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:24)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:252)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:141)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:112)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:115)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:75)

<dependency>
    <groupId>library.that</groupId>
    <artifactId>i.want</artifactId>
    <version>The.right.version</version>

<dependency>
    <groupId>library.with</groupId>
    <artifactId>bad.transitive.dependency</artifactId>
    <version>some.version</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion> 
            <groupId>library.that</groupId>
            <artifactId>i.want</artifactId>
       </exclusion>
   </exclusions>