Sql server 动态数据透视表

我正在使用这样的select语句

SELECT FileYear, FileSemester, StudentID, AssessmentCode, AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1, AssessResultsResult
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (assessmentCode LIKE '11%') AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = 'Grade')

这给了我

FileYear  FileSemester   StudentID   assessmentCode   AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1  AssessResultsResult
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Ass1                       C
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Ass2                       C
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Ass3                       C
2014        2             41965        11ENGADV        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Ass1                       A
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Ass2                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Ass3                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISANC        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Ass1                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Ass2                       B
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Ass3                       
2014        2             41965        11HISMOD        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11MATGEN        Ass1                       B
2014        2             41965        11MATGEN        Ass2                       
2014        2             41965        11MATGEN        Prelim                       
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass1                       B
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass2                       B
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass3                       
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Ass4                       
2014        2             41965        11PEDPDH        Prelim                       

我想动态地透视数据，让我看到

FileYear  FileSemester  StudentID  AssessmentCode  Ass1  Ass2  Ass3  Ass4  Prelim 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2014        2            41965       11ENGADV        C    C    C        
2014        2            41965       11HISANC        A    B    B        
2014        2            41965       11HISMOD        B    B    
2014        2            41965       11MATGEN        B    
2014        2            41965       11PEDPDH        B    B    

请注意，它必须是动态的，因为评估点的数量可能会随着主题和年份的变化而变化

我已经查看了有关这方面的信息，并试图构建一个动态的支点，如

DECLARE @DynamicPivotQuery AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @ColumnName AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @ColumnName= ISNULL(@ColumnName + ',','') + QUOTENAME(AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1)
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = 'Grade') AND (AssessmentCode LIKE '11%')) AS Courses


SET @DynamicPivotQuery = N'
SELECT FileYear,  FileSemester, StudentID, AssessmentCode, AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1, AssessResultsResult
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = ''grade'') AND (AssessmentCode LIKE ''11%'')
    PIVOT
    (
    MAX(AssessResultsResult) 
          FOR AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS PVTTable'

--Execute the Dynamic Pivot Query
EXEC sp_executesql @DynamicPivotQuery

我不断收到错误消息，比如

味精156，第15级，状态1，第5行 关键字“PIVOT”附近的语法不正确

我假设这是因为引号或where语句语法。我有点沮丧，只是想知道是否有人可以看看我的代码，告诉我如何动态地透视数据，以便它以列而不是以单独的行给出分数

任何帮助都将不胜感激

使现代化 非常感谢你的帮助

我的代码现在看起来像

DECLARE @DynamicPivotQuery AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @ColumnName AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @ColumnName= ISNULL(@ColumnName + ',','') + QUOTENAME(AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1)
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 
FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) AND (FileSemester = 2) AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = 'Grade') AND (AssessmentCode LIKE '11%')) AS Courses

SET @DynamicPivotQuery = N'
SELECT 
FileYear,  
FileSemester, 
StudentID, 
AssessmentCode, 
AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1, 
AssessResultsResult
FROM (
SELECT * FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) 
    AND (FileSemester = 2) 
    AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = ''grade'') 
    AND (AssessmentCode LIKE ''11%'')) src
PIVOT (MAX(AssessResultsResult) FOR AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS   PVTTable'

--Execute the Dynamic Pivot Query
EXEC sp_executesql @DynamicPivotQuery

当我运行这个时，我得到

Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 7
Invalid column name 'AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1'.
Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 8
Invalid column name 'AssessResultsResult'.

显然，出于某种原因，它没有识别字段。任何帮助都将不胜感激。

请尝试：

SELECT StudentID, '+@ColumnName+'
FROM (
SELECT * FROM vStudentReportsSemesterResults
WHERE (FileYear = 2014) 
    AND (FileSemester = 2) 
    AND (AssessAreaHdgAbbrev2 = ''grade'') 
    AND (AssessmentCode LIKE ''11%'')) src
PIVOT (MAX(AssessResultsResult) FOR AssessAreaHdgAbbrev1 IN (' + @ColumnName + ')) AS PVTTable

常规：选择*从选择foo作为foo轴

请参阅以下文档：

---

谢谢marc_编辑这篇文章。我有一些图片，但我没有使用这个网站太多，没有足够的信誉点来添加它们。这看起来好多了。我把你的编辑移到了你的问题上，因为它属于这里。您不应该编辑来自其他用户的答案，除非您想更正它们。如果你想回复，你应该写评论，或者更新你的问题。谢谢Leonid。仍在学习…感谢Tomasito提供下面的代码。工作正常，但它仍然不能将所有数据放在一行中。对于每个等级，即使它是相同的评估代码，它也位于新行中。我想要同一行的同一个评估代码的所有内容。这是可能的吗？而且，我想要的不仅仅是学生的ID。我想要学生ID，然后是评估代码，然后是FileYear和FileeMester，然后是所有以Ass 1开头的数据。有了提供的代码，如果我尝试添加评估代码，它将被放在第一列，并删除其他数据。任何帮助都将不胜感激。

USE AdventureWorks2008R2;

GO
SELECT VendorID, [250] AS Emp1, [251] AS Emp2, [256] AS Emp3, [257] AS Emp4, [260] AS Emp5
FROM 
(SELECT PurchaseOrderID, EmployeeID, VendorID
FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader) AS p
PIVOT
(
COUNT (PurchaseOrderID)
FOR EmployeeID IN
( [250], [251], [256], [257], [260] )
) AS pvt
ORDER BY VendorID;