Sql 基于层次结构的透视数据

我有一个层次结构的数据，其结构可能会发生变化。这些关系保存在一个表中，该表通过在两列（节点ID和父ID）上的自引用来标识。我希望能够运行一个查询来透视数据，以便每一行表示节点的最低单位

例如：

如果我有一张这样的桌子

我希望能够做到这一点

我已经试着做了几次连接，试图让一切都在同一条线上

SELECT L1.NAME AS CITY, L2.NAME AS COUNTY, L3.NAME AS STATE, L4.NAME AS 
COUNTRY
FROM TABLENAME L1
LEFT JOIN TABLENAME AS L2 ON L1.PARENT_NODE_ID = L2.NODE_ID
LEFT JOIN TABLENAME AS L3 ON L2.PARENT_NODE_ID = L3.NODE_ID
LEFT JOIN TABLENAME AS L4 ON L3.PARENT_NODE_ID = L4.NODE_ID
WHERE L1.Type = City

这是问题的核心：我可能并不总是知道层次结构。因此，我需要一个能够处理变化的解决方案。假设业务逻辑的维护者决定我们需要在国家之上添加半球。或州以上的地区（西海岸、中部、东海岸）。然而，城市将始终是最低的节点。我需要一些独立于等级结构的东西

更新 我最初的问题我用了一个简单的例子。在我的实际解决方案中，我必须利用几个连接来获得我需要的层次结构。我正在处理下面的查询，但到目前为止，对于我希望填充的每一列，它都返回null。很可能是案件陈述有问题

;WITH ALLORGS AS( --All Orgs
    SELECT ORGS.ID, ORGS.ORG_NAME
        , HIER.ID_PARENTORG, TYP.ORG_TYPE_DESCR
        FROM ORGANIATIONS AS ORGS
        FULL OUTER JOIN HIERARCHYTABLE AS HIER ON ORGS.ID = HIER.ID_ORG
        FULL OUTER JOIN ORGANIZATION_TYPES AS TYP ON ORGS.ID_ORG_TYPE = TYP.ID

), CTE AS ( 

    SELECT ID
    , ID_PARENTORG
    , L1.ORG_NAME 
    --, ORG_TYPE_DESCR
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS UNIT
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS REGION
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS DDA_POOL
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS COUNTY
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS STATE
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS BUSINESS_UNIT
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS PROEPRTY
    , CAST('' as varchar(100)) AS DISTRICT
    , 1 AS FLAG

    FROM ALLORGS L1
    WHERE L1.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'COST CENTER'

    UNION ALL

    SELECT T1.ID
    ,L2.ID_PARENTORG
    ,T1.ORG_NAME AS COSTCNTR
    --, T.ORG_TYPE_DESCR
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'UNIT' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS UNIT
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'REGION' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS REGION
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'DDA_POOL' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS DDA_POOL
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'COUNTRY' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS COUNTRY
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'STATE' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS STATE
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'BUSINESS_UNIT' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS BUSINESS_UNIT
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'PROPERTY' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS PROPERTY
    ,CASE WHEN L2.ORG_TYPE_DESCR = 'DISTRICT' THEN L2.ORG_NAME ELSE NULL END AS DISTRICT
    ,T1.FLAG + 1 AS FLAG

    FROM CTE AS T1 
    INNER JOIN ALLORGS AS L2 ON T1.ID_PARENTORG = L2.ID 
)
SELECT a.ID
,a.ORG_NAME AS COSTCNTR
,UNIT
,REGION
,DDA_POOL
,COUNTY
,STATE
,BUSINESS_UNIT
,PROEPRTY
,DISTRICT
FROM CTE AS a
INNER JOIN (SELECT ID, MAX(FLAG) FLAG FROM CTE GROUP BY ID) b ON a.ID = b.ID AND a.FLAG = b.FLAG  

试试这个。。。 请在使用前用更多的样本数据进行测试

表格脚本和示例数据

CREATE TABLE [TableName](
    [ParentNodeID] [int] NULL,
    [NodeID] [int] NULL,
    [Type] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL
) 

INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (NULL, 1, N'Country', N'US')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (1, 2, N'State', N'Texas')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (2, 3, N'County', N'Dallas')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (3, 4, N'City', N'Dallas')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (NULL, 1, N'Country', N'US')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (5, 6, N'State', N'Massachusetts')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (7, 8, N'County', N'Suffolk')
INSERT [TableName] ([ParentNodeID], [NodeID], [Type], [Name]) VALUES (9, 10, N'City', N'Boston')

查询

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(max) = Stuff((SELECT DISTINCT ',' + Quotename([Type])
         FROM   TableName       
         FOR xml path(''), type).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 1, ''); 

DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(max) =  'SELECT max(NodeID)    AS NodeID
                                          ,max([Country]) AS Country
                                          ,max([State])   AS STATE
                                          ,max([County])  AS County
                                          ,max([City])    AS City
                                    FROM (
                                        SELECT *, Row_Number() OVER (PARTITION BY Type ORDER BY NodeID) rn
                                        FROM TableName
                                        ) sq
                                    pivot(max([Name]) FOR [Type] IN ('+ @cols +') ) pvt
                                    GROUP BY rn';

EXECUTE(@query) 

输出

+--------+---------+---------------+---------+--------+
| NodeID | Country |     STATE     | County  |  City  |
+--------+---------+---------------+---------+--------+
|      4 | US      | Texas         | Dallas  | Dallas |
|     10 | US      | Massachusetts | Suffolk | Boston |
+--------+---------+---------------+---------+--------+

---

在线演示：

我也实现了同样的情况，我没有测试这个，因为我现在只在这里使用我的手机，但我使用的逻辑基本上是这样的，使用CTE进行抄写，希望这也能起作用

WITH CTE AS (
--Put Initial Value '' to be filled later
SELECT NODE_ID, PARENT_ID, L1.NAME AS CITY, '' AS COUNTY, '' AS STATE, '' AS COUNTRY,
--add hemisphere
'' AS HEMISPHERE,
1 AS FLAG --Only for indication of looping
FROM TABLENAME L1
WHERE L1.TYPE = 'CITY'

UNION ALL

SELECT T1.NODE_ID, L2.PARENT_ID, 
T1.NAME AS CITY, 
(CASE WHEN L2.TYPE = 'COUNTY' THEN L2.NAME ELSE T1.NAME) AS COUNTY, 
(CASE WHEN L2.TYPE = 'STATE' THEN L2.NAME ELSE T1.NAME) AS STATE, 
(CASE WHEN L2.TYPE = 'COUNTRY' THEN L2.NAME ELSE T1.NAME) AS COUNTRY
--and can add some more columns here,  in case if there is additional column for Hemisphere
 (CASE WHEN L2.TYPE = 'Hemisphere' THEN L2.NAME ELSE T1.NAME) AS Hemisphere
T1.FLAG + 1 AS FLAG -- add +1 for n reccuring, only for indication of looping
FROM CTE T1
INNER JOIN TABLENAME L2 ON T1.PARENT_ID = 
L2.NODE_ID
)

SELECT a.NODE_ID, CITY, COUNTY, STATE, COUNTRY
FROM CTE a
--to get the last loop which has completely filled data
INNER JOIN (SELECT NODE_ID, MAX(FLAG) FLAG FROM CTE GROUP BY NODE_ID ) b ON a.NODE_ID = b.NODE_ID AND a.FLAG = b.FLAG

---

查找动态轴或动态交叉表。这是两种处理方法，这里有几十个，如果不是几百个例子的话。您的表格数据似乎不正确，请您再次检查。缺少引用ID。SQL的哪个版本？SQL版本2014这有保证！我正试图将我的实际情况融入其中。我为这个问题提供了一个简单的示例，实际上，我的表是一个组连接，因为层次表的值主要作为编码值存在。换句话说，如上所示的“TABLENAME”实际上是3或4个完整外部联接的聚合。@LCaraway，谢谢，我认为递归将继续执行循环，只要父级和节点id之间存在匹配，但这有点棘手，select语句的列在表的顶部，select语句的列在底部“全体联合“必须具有相似的列名，我们必须小心并注意表的别名，我们将从哪些表中选择哪些列作为正确的列值：”我希望这项工作我刚刚编辑了答案，并在顶部select语句中添加了半球列，在联合后的select语句中都应该是

L2.Name

，而不是

L1.Name

或

T1.Name