Sql 表中的多个约束：如何获取所有冲突？_Sql_Oracle_Constraints

Sql 表中的多个约束：如何获取所有冲突？

sql oracle

Sql 表中的多个约束：如何获取所有冲突？,sql,oracle,constraints,Sql,Oracle,Constraints,我在Oracle中有一个表，其中有几个约束。当我插入一条新记录并且并非所有约束都有效时，Oracle只会引发“first”错误。如何获取所有违反我记录的行为 CREATE TABLE A_TABLE_TEST ( COL_1 NUMBER NOT NULL, COL_2 NUMBER NOT NULL, COL_3 NUMBER NOT NULL, COL_4 NUMBER NOT NULL ); INSERT INTO A_TABLE_TEST values (1,null,

我在Oracle中有一个表，其中有几个约束。当我插入一条新记录并且并非所有约束都有效时，Oracle只会引发“first”错误。如何获取所有违反我记录的行为

CREATE TABLE A_TABLE_TEST (
  COL_1 NUMBER NOT NULL,
  COL_2 NUMBER NOT NULL,
  COL_3 NUMBER NOT NULL,
  COL_4 NUMBER NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO A_TABLE_TEST values (1,null,null,2);

ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("USER_4_8483C"."A_TABLE_TEST"."COL_2")

我想得到这样的东西：

Column COL_2: cannot insert NULL
Column COL_3: cannot insert NULL

This would be also sufficient:
Column COL_2: not valid
Column COL_3: not valid

当然，我可以编写触发器并单独检查每一列，但我更喜欢约束而不是触发器，它们更易于维护，并且不需要手动编写代码

有什么想法吗？

您必须实现一个插入前触发器来循环处理您关心的所有条件

从数据库的角度考虑情况。执行

插入时，数据库基本上可以做两件事：成功完成插入或由于某种原因（通常是违反约束）失败
数据库希望尽可能快地进行，而不是做不必要的工作。一旦发现第一个投诉违规，它就知道该记录不会进入数据库。因此，引擎明智地返回一个错误并停止检查进一步的约束。引擎没有理由获取冲突的完整列表。
没有直接的方法来报告所有可能的约束冲突。因为当Oracle偶然发现第一次违反约束时，不可能进行进一步的计算，所以语句将失败，除非该约束被延迟一次或DML语句中包含了log errors
子句。但需要注意的是，log errors
子句不能捕获所有可能的约束冲突，只记录第一个
可能的方法之一是：
创建异常
表。可以通过执行ora_home/rdbms/admin/utlexpt.sql
脚本来完成。表的结构非常简单
禁用所有表约束
执行DMLs
在

子句中启用带有

异常的所有约束。如果执行utlexpt.sql
脚本，将要存储的表异常的名称将是exceptions
测试表：
create table t1(
  col1 number not null,
  col2 number not null,
  col3 number not null,
  col4 number not null
);

尝试执行insert
语句：
insert into t1(col1, col2, col3, col4)
  values(1, null, 2, null);

Error report -
SQL Error: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("HR"."T1"."COL2")

禁用所有表的约束：
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009951;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009950;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009953;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009952; 

column cons_disable format a50
column cons_enable format a72

select 'alter table ' || t.table_name || ' disable constraint '|| 
        t.constraint_name || ';' as cons_disable
     , 'alter table ' || t.table_name || ' enable constraint '|| 
        t.constraint_name || ' exceptions into exceptions;' as cons_enable
  from user_constraints t
where t.table_name = 'T1'
order by t.constraint_type

CREATE TABLE A_TABLE_TEST (
  COL_1 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_2 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_3 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_4 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
);

INSERT INTO A_TABLE_TEST values (1,null,null,2);    

DECLARE
    CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED EXCEPTION;
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED, -2290);

    REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED EXCEPTION;
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED , -2292);


    CURSOR CheckConstraints IS
    SELECT TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME, COLUMN_NAME
    FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS
        JOIN USER_CONS_COLUMNS USING (TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME)
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'A_TABLE_TEST'
        AND DEFERRED = 'DEFERRED'
        AND STATUS = 'ENABLED';
BEGIN
    FOR aCon IN CheckConstraints LOOP
    BEGIN
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SET CONSTRAINT '||aCon.CONSTRAINT_NAME||' IMMEDIATE';
    EXCEPTION
        WHEN CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED OR REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED  THEN
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Constraint '||aCon.CONSTRAINT_NAME||' at Column '||aCon.COLUMN_NAME||' violated');
    END;
    END LOOP;
END;

再次尝试执行先前失败的insert
语句：
insert into t1(col1, col2, col3, col4)
  values(1, null, 2, null);

1 rows inserted.

commit;

现在，启用表的约束，并在异常
表中存储异常（如果有）：
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009951 exceptions into exceptions; 
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009950 exceptions into exceptions; 
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009953 exceptions into exceptions; 
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009952 exceptions into exceptions; 

column row_id     format a30;
column owner      format a7;
column table_name format a10;
column constraint format a12;

select *
  from exceptions 

ROW_ID                         OWNER   TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT 
------------------------------ ------- -------    ------------
AAAWmUAAJAAAF6WAAA             HR      T1         SYS_C009951  
AAAWmUAAJAAAF6WAAA             HR      T1         SYS_C009953

检查异常
表：
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009951 exceptions into exceptions; 
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009950 exceptions into exceptions; 
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009953 exceptions into exceptions; 
alter table T1 enable constraint SYS_C009952 exceptions into exceptions; 

column row_id     format a30;
column owner      format a7;
column table_name format a10;
column constraint format a12;

select *
  from exceptions 

ROW_ID                         OWNER   TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT 
------------------------------ ------- -------    ------------
AAAWmUAAJAAAF6WAAA             HR      T1         SYS_C009951  
AAAWmUAAJAAAF6WAAA             HR      T1         SYS_C009953

违反了两项限制。要查找列名，只需参考user\u cons\u columns
数据字典视图：
column table_name   format a10;
column column_name  format a7;
column row_id       format a20;

select e.table_name
     , t.COLUMN_NAME
     , e.ROW_ID
  from user_cons_columns t
  join exceptions e
    on (e.constraint = t.constraint_name)


TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME ROW_ID             
---------- ----------  --------------------
T1         COL2        AAAWmUAAJAAAF6WAAA   
T1         COL4        AAAWmUAAJAAAF6WAAA

上面的查询为我们提供了列名称和有问题记录的rowid。有了rowid，找到导致约束冲突的记录、修复它们并再次启用约束应该不会有问题
以下是用于生成用于启用和禁用约束的alter table
语句的脚本：
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009951;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009950;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009953;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009952; 

column cons_disable format a50
column cons_enable format a72

select 'alter table ' || t.table_name || ' disable constraint '|| 
        t.constraint_name || ';' as cons_disable
     , 'alter table ' || t.table_name || ' enable constraint '|| 
        t.constraint_name || ' exceptions into exceptions;' as cons_enable
  from user_constraints t
where t.table_name = 'T1'
order by t.constraint_type

CREATE TABLE A_TABLE_TEST (
  COL_1 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_2 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_3 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_4 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
);

INSERT INTO A_TABLE_TEST values (1,null,null,2);    

DECLARE
    CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED EXCEPTION;
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED, -2290);

    REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED EXCEPTION;
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED , -2292);


    CURSOR CheckConstraints IS
    SELECT TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME, COLUMN_NAME
    FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS
        JOIN USER_CONS_COLUMNS USING (TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME)
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'A_TABLE_TEST'
        AND DEFERRED = 'DEFERRED'
        AND STATUS = 'ENABLED';
BEGIN
    FOR aCon IN CheckConstraints LOOP
    BEGIN
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SET CONSTRAINT '||aCon.CONSTRAINT_NAME||' IMMEDIATE';
    EXCEPTION
        WHEN CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED OR REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED  THEN
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Constraint '||aCon.CONSTRAINT_NAME||' at Column '||aCon.COLUMN_NAME||' violated');
    END;
    END LOOP;
END;

同时，我发现了一个使用延迟约束的精益解决方案：
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009951;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009950;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009953;     
alter table T1 disable constraint SYS_C009952; 

column cons_disable format a50
column cons_enable format a72

select 'alter table ' || t.table_name || ' disable constraint '|| 
        t.constraint_name || ';' as cons_disable
     , 'alter table ' || t.table_name || ' enable constraint '|| 
        t.constraint_name || ' exceptions into exceptions;' as cons_enable
  from user_constraints t
where t.table_name = 'T1'
order by t.constraint_type

CREATE TABLE A_TABLE_TEST (
  COL_1 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_2 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_3 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED,
  COL_4 NUMBER NOT NULL DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
);

INSERT INTO A_TABLE_TEST values (1,null,null,2);    

DECLARE
    CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED EXCEPTION;
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED, -2290);

    REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED EXCEPTION;
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED , -2292);


    CURSOR CheckConstraints IS
    SELECT TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME, COLUMN_NAME
    FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS
        JOIN USER_CONS_COLUMNS USING (TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_NAME)
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'A_TABLE_TEST'
        AND DEFERRED = 'DEFERRED'
        AND STATUS = 'ENABLED';
BEGIN
    FOR aCon IN CheckConstraints LOOP
    BEGIN
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SET CONSTRAINT '||aCon.CONSTRAINT_NAME||' IMMEDIATE';
    EXCEPTION
        WHEN CHECK_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED OR REF_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATED  THEN
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Constraint '||aCon.CONSTRAINT_NAME||' at Column '||aCon.COLUMN_NAME||' violated');
    END;
    END LOOP;
END;

它适用于任何检查约束（不仅不为NULL
）。检查外键
约束也应该起作用
添加/修改/删除约束不需要任何进一步的维护。
您的解决方案仅在您单独在数据库中时有效。我想向我的应用程序提供更详细的错误消息，其中该表同时被多个会话使用。禁用/启用约束在全局范围内起作用，我不能在我的应用程序中使用它。@当只有一个数据库用户时，我们不会有太多的麻烦，而是当您批量插入数据时，即使用多个insert语句执行脚本，并且不希望每次遇到约束冲突异常时都返回到脚本编辑。我以为你的案子就是这样的。但是如果您在这方面需要更多的交互性，恐怕您需要编写一些代码，但是只为一个DML操作这样做会很奇怪，而且肯定会大大降低速度和扩展性。最好保持约束，允许Oracle一次向用户报告一个错误。在我的问题中，我明确要求提供一个不基于触发器的解决方案。