Sql 如何从父子层次结构表创建查询

如何编写查询以将具有父/子层次结构的表转换为具有独立列中的层次结构级别的表

我在SAP的SQL Server中有一个表，没有做任何更改，我相信这会为我提供包含利润中心的组的结构。该表的结构是一个经典的父子层次结构，如下所示

Parent  |  Child  
--------+--------
S-1     |  S-11  
S-1     |  S-12  
S-1     |  S-13  
S-1     |  S-14  
S-1     |  S-15  
S-11    |  S-111  
S-11    |  S-112  
..      |  ..  
S-152   |  S-1521  
S-152   |  S-1522  
S-1522  |  S-15221  

我想写一个查询，给我一个表，我可以为每个组找到级别1、级别2、级别3等。组级别1是顶层，将始终存在，级别2是下一层。可以有无限的级别，但此时级别8是使用的最高级别

Group   | Level 1   | Level 2   | Level 3   | Level 4   | Level 5  
--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------
S-111   | S-1       | S-11      | S-111     |           |  
S-11211 | S-1       | S-11      | S-112     | S-1121    | S-11211  
S-1211  | S-1       | S-12      | S-121     | S-1211    | 
S-1212  | S-1       | S-12      | S-121     | S-1212    | 
S-122   | S-1       | S-12      | S-122     |           |     
S-123   | S-1       | S-12      | S-123     |           |
S-1311  | S-1       | S-13      | S-131     | S-1311    | 
S-1312  | S-1       | S-13      | S-131     | S-1312    | 
S-1321  | S-1       | S-13      | S-132     | S-1321    | 
S-141   | S-1       | S-14      | S-141     |           |
S-151   | S-1       | S-15      | S-151     |           |
S-1521  | S-1       | S-15      | S-152     | S-1521    | 
S-15221 | S-1       | S-15      | S-152     | S-1522    | S-15221  

我用谷歌和这个页面找到了最终的解决方案，但还没有找到。但我做到了这一点：

WITH MyTest as  
(  
    SELECT 
        P.PRCTR_CHILD, P.PRCTR_PARENT, 
        CAST(P.PRCTR_CHILD AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS Level  
    FROM 
        [IBM_PA_Integration].[dbo].[PRCTRHIER] AS P  
    WHERE 
        P.PRCTR_PARENT = 'S-1000' –- S-1000 is a division  

    UNION ALL  

    SELECT 
        P1.PRCTR_CHILD, P1.PRCTR_PARENT, 
        CAST(P1.PRCTR_CHILD AS VARCHAR(MAX)) + ', ' + M.Level  
    FROM 
        [IBM_PA_Integration].[dbo].[PRCTRHIER] AS P1  
    INNER JOIN 
        MyTest M ON M.PRCTR_CHILD = P1.PRCTR_PARENT  
)  
SELECT *   
FROM MyTest  
WHERE PRCTR_PARENT  = 'FS2004' –- FS2004 is the level top level / level above S-1000  

---

如果级别数量固定或有限，则可能不需要动态SQL。解析路径可以用一点XML来完成

考虑以下几点：

例如：

返回

---

您需要使用递归cte，然后对结果进行动态透视。谢谢。这个解决方案很适合我，给了我所希望的结构。@DickTaid81helped@JohnCappelletti是否可以使级别列处于动态状态？因此，在您的示例中，级别4和级别5不会出现，因为所有值都为null？@jvels不使用此方法。。。SQL Server在设计上是声明性的。获取动态列的唯一方法是使用动态SQL。

Declare @YourTable Table ([Parent] varchar(50),[Child] varchar(50))
Insert Into @YourTable Values 
 (null ,'S-1')
,('S-1','S-11')
,('S-1','S-12')
,('S-1','S-13')
,('S-1','S-14')
,('S-1','S-15')
,('S-11','S-111')
,('S-11','S-112')

;with cteP as (
      Select Child
            ,Parent 
            ,PathID = cast(Child as varchar(500))
      From   @YourTable
      Where  Parent is Null
      Union  All
      Select Child  = r.Child
            ,Parent = r.Parent 
            ,PathID = cast(p.PathID+','+cast(r.Child as varchar(25)) as varchar(500))
      From   @YourTable r
      Join   cteP p on r.Parent  = p.Child)
Select [Group] = Child
      ,B.*
 From  cteP A
 Cross Apply (
                Select Level1 = xDim.value('/x[1]','varchar(max)')
                      ,Level2 = xDim.value('/x[2]','varchar(max)')
                      ,Level3 = xDim.value('/x[3]','varchar(max)')
                      ,Level4 = xDim.value('/x[4]','varchar(max)')
                      ,Level5 = xDim.value('/x[5]','varchar(max)')
                From  (Select Cast('<x>' + replace(PathID,',','</x><x>')+'</x>' as xml) as xDim) as X 
             ) B
  Order By PathID