在ubuntu中安装htk“；让所有人都；讯息/usr/bin/ld:找不到-lX11“；

我正在尝试使用htk（HMM工具包）进行语音识别

我遵循“自述文件”中的说明指南

首先，我输入了“./configure”，它就工作了

以下是我键入“./configure”时的终端输出

checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for main in -lX11... yes
checking for main in -lm... yes
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for X... libraries , headers 
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking errno.h usability... yes
checking errno.h presence... yes
checking for errno.h... yes
checking fcntl.h usability... yes
checking fcntl.h presence... yes
checking for fcntl.h... yes
checking float.h usability... yes
checking float.h presence... yes
checking for float.h... yes
checking limits.h usability... yes
checking limits.h presence... yes
checking for limits.h... yes
checking malloc.h usability... yes
checking malloc.h presence... yes
checking for malloc.h... yes
checking for memory.h... (cached) yes
checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
checking for string.h... (cached) yes
checking sys/ioctl.h usability... yes
checking sys/ioctl.h presence... yes
checking for sys/ioctl.h... yes
checking sys/socket.h usability... yes
checking sys/socket.h presence... yes
checking for sys/socket.h... yes
checking sys/time.h usability... yes
checking sys/time.h presence... yes
checking for sys/time.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... (cached) yes
checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes
checking for size_t... yes
checking whether time.h and sys/time.h may both be included... yes
checking whether struct tm is in sys/time.h or time.h... time.h
checking whether gcc needs -traditional... no
checking for working memcmp... yes
checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
checking for GNU libc compatible malloc... yes
checking for working strtod... yes
checking return type of signal handlers... void
checking for vprintf... yes
checking for _doprnt... no
checking for floor... yes
checking for gettimeofday... yes
checking for memmove... yes
checking for memset... yes
checking for modf... yes
checking for pow... yes
checking for socket... yes
checking for sqrt... yes
checking for strchr... yes
checking for strcspn... yes
checking for strrchr... yes
checking for strspn... yes
checking for strstr... yes
checking for strtol... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating HTKLib/Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  HTKLib/Makefile.in seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
config.status: creating HTKTools/Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  HTKTools/Makefile.in seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
config.status: creating HLMLib/Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  HLMLib/Makefile.in seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
config.status: creating HLMTools/Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  HLMTools/Makefile.in seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
config.status: creating HTKLVRec/Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  HTKLVRec/Makefile.in seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  Makefile.in seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
**************************************************

HTK is now ready to be built.

Type "make all" to build the HTK libraries
and tools.

Then "make install" to install them.

The tools will be installed in /usr/local/bin

Build notes: Language Modelling tools will be
built. HDecode will not be built. You can build
it manually later by running 'make hdecode
install-hdecode'

**************************************************

我输入了“全部制作”。我可以在终端输出中找到以下错误消息：/usr/bin/ld:not find-lX11。以下是终端输出的完整版本

(cd HTKLib && make HTKLib.a) \
      || case "" in *k*) fail=yes;; *) exit 1;; esac;
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/geon-min/Downloads/htk/HTKLib'
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HGraf.o HGraf.c
HGraf.c: In function ‘DecodeKeyPress’:
HGraf.c:179:8: warning: variable ‘n’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HGraf.c: In function ‘HGetEvent’:
HGraf.c:221:18: warning: variable ‘dummy’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o esig_asc.o esig_asc.c
esig_asc.c: In function ‘ReadAsciiEscape’:
esig_asc.c:2025:16: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fscanf’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o esig_edr.o esig_edr.c
esig_edr.c: In function ‘ReadEdrRecord’:
esig_edr.c:338:25: warning: ‘flags’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o esignal.o esignal.c
esignal.c: In function ‘GetLine’:
esignal.c:1760:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
esignal.c: In function ‘GetLong’:
esignal.c:1808:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o esig_nat.o esig_nat.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HAdapt.o HAdapt.c
HAdapt.c: In function ‘SetSemiTiedAvCov’:
HAdapt.c:1381:15: warning: variable ‘si’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HAdapt.c: In function ‘ParseNode’:
HAdapt.c:1550:12: warning: variable ‘size’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HArc.o HArc.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HAudio.o HAudio.c
HAudio.c: In function ‘StartAudioInput’:
HAudio.c:2174:11: warning: ignoring return value of ‘read’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HDict.o HDict.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HExactMPE.o HExactMPE.c
HExactMPE.c: In function ‘DoCorrectness’:
HExactMPE.c:288:58: warning: value computed is not used [-Wunused-value]
HExactMPE.c:332:12: warning: variable ‘cb’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HFB.o HFB.c
HFB.c: In function ‘Setotprob’:
HFB.c:999:15: warning: variable ‘p’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HFB.c: In function ‘SetBeta’:
HFB.c:1161:12: warning: variable ‘hset’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HFBLat.o HFBLat.c
HFBLat.c: In function ‘StepAlpha’:
HFBLat.c:737:20: warning: variable ‘transP’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HFBLat.c: In function ‘DoAllMixUpdates’:
HFBLat.c:1070:33: warning: variable ‘al_otvs’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HFBLat.c: In function ‘UpMixParms’:
HFBLat.c:1198:25: warning: variable ‘vSize’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HFBLat.c: In function ‘StepForward’:
HFBLat.c:1389:25: warning: variable ‘bqt1’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HFBLat.c: In function ‘DoAllMixUpdates’:
HFBLat.c:1175:30: warning: ‘mammi’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HLabel.o HLabel.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HLat.o HLat.c
HLat.c: In function ‘LatSetScores’:
HLat.c:690:14: warning: variable ‘best’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HLM.o HLM.c
HLM.c: In function ‘WriteNGrams’:
HLM.c:235:16: warning: variable ‘N’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HLM.c: In function ‘ReadNGrams’:
HLM.c:379:18: warning: variable ‘size’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HMap.o HMap.c
HMap.c: In function ‘TotMixInSet’:
HMap.c:384:10: warning: variable ‘hmm’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HMath.o HMath.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HMem.o HMem.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HModel.o HModel.c
HModel.c: In function ‘CompressItemList’:
HModel.c:1149:11: warning: variable ‘p’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HModel.c: In function ‘CreateHMM’:
HModel.c:4225:12: warning: variable ‘newMacro’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HNet.o HNet.c
HNet.c: In function ‘CreateXEModels’:
HNet.c:3144:36: warning: variable ‘searchNode’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HParm.o HParm.c
HParm.c: In function ‘SetWaveSpDetParms’:
HParm.c:2584:18: warning: variable ‘nBl’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HParm.c:2582:11: warning: variable ‘v’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HParm.c: In function ‘CompressPBlock’:
HParm.c:4945:16: warning: variable ‘count’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HParm.c: In function ‘OpenAsChannel’:
HParm.c:4351:25: warning: ‘initRows’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HRec.o HRec.c
HRec.c: In function ‘LatFromPaths’:
HRec.c:1650:33: warning: ‘labid’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HShell.o HShell.c
HShell.c: In function ‘KeyPressed’:
HShell.c:1489:14: warning: ignoring return value of ‘read’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HShell.c: In function ‘NextArg’:
HShell.c:725:13: warning: ignoring return value of ‘strtod’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HSigP.o HSigP.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HTrain.o HTrain.c
HTrain.c: In function ‘RestoreAccsParallel’:
HTrain.c:1716:12: warning: variable ‘size’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HTrain.c: In function ‘InitClustering’:
HTrain.c:755:22: warning: ‘cov.var’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HUtil.o HUtil.c
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HVQ.o HVQ.c
HVQ.c: In function ‘LoadVQTab’:
HVQ.c:199:9: warning: ‘cov.var’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
HVQ.c:169:15: note: ‘cov.var’ was declared here
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o HWave.o HWave.c
HWave.c: In function ‘GetAIFFHeaderInfo’:
HWave.c:997:22: warning: variable ‘commchunk1’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HWave.c: In function ‘GetWAVHeaderInfo’:
HWave.c:1062:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1068:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1069:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1081:12: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1082:12: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1087:15: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1097:15: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1105:15: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1108:15: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1109:15: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1110:15: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c:1125:33: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fread’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
HWave.c: In function ‘PutESIGHeaderInfo’:
HWave.c:1379:21: warning: ‘inList’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
HWave.c: In function ‘OpenWaveInput’:
HWave.c:1042:18: warning: ‘commchunk2.nSamples’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized]
HWave.c:998:22: note: ‘commchunk2.nSamples’ was declared here
gcc  -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -DPHNALG   -c -o strarr.o strarr.c
if [ -f HTKLib.a ] ; then  /bin/rm HTKLib.a ; fi
ar rv HTKLib.a HGraf.o esig_asc.o esig_edr.o esignal.o esig_nat.o HAdapt.o HArc.o HAudio.o HDict.o HExactMPE.o HFB.o HFBLat.o HLabel.o HLat.o HLM.o HMap.o HMath.o HMem.o HModel.o HNet.o HParm.o HRec.o HShell.o HSigP.o HTrain.o HUtil.o HVQ.o HWave.o strarr.o
ar: creating HTKLib.a
a - HGraf.o
a - esig_asc.o
a - esig_edr.o
a - esignal.o
a - esig_nat.o
a - HAdapt.o
a - HArc.o
a - HAudio.o
a - HDict.o
a - HExactMPE.o
a - HFB.o
a - HFBLat.o
a - HLabel.o
a - HLat.o
a - HLM.o
a - HMap.o
a - HMath.o
a - HMem.o
a - HModel.o
a - HNet.o
a - HParm.o
a - HRec.o
a - HShell.o
a - HSigP.o
a - HTrain.o
a - HUtil.o
a - HVQ.o
a - HWave.o
a - strarr.o
ranlib HTKLib.a
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/geon-min/Downloads/htk/HTKLib'
(cd HTKTools && make all) \
      || case "" in *k*) fail=yes;; *) exit 1;; esac;
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/geon-min/Downloads/htk/HTKTools'
if [ ! -d /usr/local/bin -a X_ = X_yes ] ; then mkdir -p /usr/local/bin ; fi
if [ xHSLab = xHSLab ] ; then \
        gcc -o HSLab -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I../HTKLib -DPHNALG HSLab.c ../HTKLib/HTKLib.a -L/usr/X11R6/lib  -lm -lX11 ; \
        else \
        gcc -o HSLab -m32 -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="x86_64"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I../HTKLib -DPHNALG HSLab.c ../HTKLib/HTKLib.a -L/usr/X11R6/lib  -lm ; fi
HSLab.c: In function ‘FileExists’:
HSLab.c:1209:12: warning: variable ‘isEXF’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
HSLab.c: In function ‘DoSpecial’:
HSLab.c:1596:13: warning: ignoring return value of ‘system’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lX11
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [HSLab] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/geon-min/Downloads/htk/HTKTools'
make: *** [htktools] Error 1

我已经安装了“libx11 dev”。但“全做”仍然不起作用。 有人给我一些意见吗？我真的很感谢你的帮助

---

谢谢大家!

这绝对是一个32/64位的问题

---

使用

-m32

标志编译，系统为64位。编译64位代码或安装32位库。

安装sudo apt get install libx11 dev:i386。这是你的工作

$linux32 bash
$make all
$make install

---

当我尝试在Mac上的VirtualBox中的64位Ubuntu12.04.2 LTS上编译HTK时，它对我很有用

正如@n-m所提到的，在makefile中用

-m64

替换

-m32

，可以让您编译整个程序；但是，这可能会导致一些微妙的错误，如中所述 a:

在64位Linux系统上运行时，我发现HDecode中存在随机行为。我已经隔离了一个测试用例，如果运行多次，它会给出两个不同的结果。在32位系统上运行时，相同的测试用例不会产生不同的结果。在我的64位系统上，我尝试运行在同一台64位机器上编译的HDecode，以及在32位机器上编译的代码。为了在64位平台上编译，我安装了以下库：libc6-dev-i386、libx11-dev、gcc-multilib。在64位系统上，代码是使用m32选项编译的。使用m64选项编译会导致指针截断，从而导致运行时错误。测试用例可以在：link下载，“test.sh”包含HDecode命令